Schools and disasters: Examining the evidence for K-12 settings across the emergency management phases

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 327-337
Author(s):  
Natasha Malmin, MPH ◽  
Ann-Margaret Esnard, PhD ◽  
Christopher Wyczalkowski, PhD ◽  
Betty Lai, PhD
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Management ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
School Safety ◽  
Disaster Risk Reduction ◽  
National Research Council ◽  
Threat Assessment ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Policy Practice ◽  
Survey And Evaluation ◽  
K 12

Disasters may have profound impacts on children and schools. We reviewed the evidence on schools and disasters, and analyzed these impacts across the four main emergency management (EM) phases. We reviewed 190 abstracts from 60 journals published between 2000 and 2019, using the definitions of mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery from the National Research Council. Over 48 percent of articles fell within two or more phases, particularly when they addressed popular topics such as disaster risk reduction. School safety and mitigation efforts, curriculum development and awareness training around disaster risk reduction, and the importance of cross-sector collaborations and partnerships emerged as common themes, identifying opportunities for research and practice in the process. A natural next step could be the creation of a centralized online databank for schools and administrators who need access to resources such as survey and evaluation instruments, risk/threat assessment methodologies, cultural competency training modules, and other tool kits. Use of the EM phases increases the ability to exchange ideas and actionable approaches to EM research and policy practice for school-aged children. 

Promoting Education for Disaster Resilience and the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 402-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aiko Sakurai ◽  
◽  
Takeshi Sato
Keyword(s):  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Disaster Management ◽  
School Safety ◽  
Disaster Risk Reduction ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Disaster Reduction ◽  
Sendai Framework ◽  
Loss And Damage ◽  
Resilient Communities ◽  
Disaster Education

Since the International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction began in the 1990s, education has been recognized as having a cross-cutting role in disaster reduction by extending the people’s engagement to the creation and maintenance of sustainable communities internationally. During the same period, Japan has experienced large earthquakes, following which Japan has promoted comprehensive school safety and practical disaster education. Although conditions may vary between Japan and other countries, the approaches, issues and challenges of disaster education have much in common. The 2015-2030 Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (SFDRR), fully integrates education and includes the overall goal of disaster risk reduction (DRR) in the full disaster management cycle, from prevention, mitigation and preparedness to response, recovery and rehabilitation. Minimizing loss and damage to educational facilities is included as one of global indicators of SFDRR. A comprehensive approach to school safety is emphasized, including the safety of the learning environment, disaster management and DRR education. An awareness of such commonalities, under the SFDRR, international cooperation for promoting education for resilient communities should be promoted in Japan and globally.

Managing Disaster-Related Health Risk: A Process for Prevention

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 326-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Keim
Keyword(s):  
Health Risk ◽  
International Development ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Disaster Response ◽  
Disaster Risk Reduction ◽  
National Research Council ◽  
The United States ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Washington Dc

AbstractIn 1994, the first World Conference on Natural Disaster Reduction held in Yokohama, Japan affirmed that “Disaster prevention, mitigation, and preparedness are better than disaster response in achieving the goals and objectives of the decade. Disaster response alone is not sufficient, as it yields only temporary results in a very high cost.” Since then, disaster risk reduction has become the mainstay for international development related to disasters.According to the National Research Council (Washington, DC USA), “Disaster research, which has focused historically on emergency response and recovery, is incomplete without the simultaneous study of the societal hazards and risks associated with disasters, which includes data on the vulnerability of people living in hazard prone areas.” Despite over 25 years of global policy development, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (Washington, DC USA) recently noted that, “while some disaster management and public health preparedness programming may be viewed as tangentially related, a multi-sectoral and inter-disciplinary national platform for coordination and policy guidance on involving disaster risk reduction in the United States does not exist.” Today, one of the world’s “seven targets in seven years” as agreed upon in the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction is to substantially reduce global mortality by 2030. Significant reductions in health risk (including mortality) have historically required a comprehensive approach for disease management that includes both a preventive and a curative approach. Disaster risk management has arisen as a primary means for the world’s populations to address disaster losses, including those related to health. Prevention has been proven as an effective approach for managing health risk. This report describes the role of disease prevention in managing health risk due to disasters.KeimM. Managing disaster-related health risk: a process for prevention. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2018;33(3):326-334.

scholarly journals Stigma and disaster risk reduction among vulnerable groups: Considering people receiving opioid substitution treatment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise Blake ◽  
S Pooley ◽  
Antonia Lyons
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Emergency Management ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Disaster Risk Reduction ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Substitution Treatment ◽  
Access To Treatment ◽  
Opioid Substitution Treatment ◽  
Opioid Substitution

© 2020 This work explores the ways in which stigma influences how people engage with disaster risk reduction. It specifically addresses the experiences and perceptions of stigma for people who receive Opioid Substitution Treatment (OST), a successful harm reduction strategy that reduces illicit drug use, risk of overdose and criminal activity. Unfortunately, while receiving OST people endure stigma because of their perceived or assumed history of drug use, which positions them as socially deviant and unacceptable. During a disaster or emergency, forms of social stigma from health and emergency management personnel have implications for access to treatment such as OST. Drawing on semi-structured interviews with 21 people receiving OST from services in four major cities in Aotearoa New Zealand, an interpretive analysis was applied to better understand how stigma matters to their lived experience. Four key themes, namely “Experiences of stigma”, “Discrimination from health professionals”, and “Disasters and emergency management” and “Support within disaster contexts” were identified in their talk. We conclude that it is vital that medications and other necessary treatments are made accessible to those who need them to maintain health and wellbeing. It is important to be aware that stigmatising beliefs manifest in disaster-response settings which have consequences for people who are already more vulnerable than others. Therefore we suggest that appropriate education and training be provided.

scholarly journals Stigma and disaster risk reduction among vulnerable groups: Considering people receiving opioid substitution treatment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise Blake ◽  
S Pooley ◽  
Antonia Lyons
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Emergency Management ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Disaster Risk Reduction ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Substitution Treatment ◽  
Access To Treatment ◽  
Opioid Substitution Treatment ◽  
Opioid Substitution

© 2020 This work explores the ways in which stigma influences how people engage with disaster risk reduction. It specifically addresses the experiences and perceptions of stigma for people who receive Opioid Substitution Treatment (OST), a successful harm reduction strategy that reduces illicit drug use, risk of overdose and criminal activity. Unfortunately, while receiving OST people endure stigma because of their perceived or assumed history of drug use, which positions them as socially deviant and unacceptable. During a disaster or emergency, forms of social stigma from health and emergency management personnel have implications for access to treatment such as OST. Drawing on semi-structured interviews with 21 people receiving OST from services in four major cities in Aotearoa New Zealand, an interpretive analysis was applied to better understand how stigma matters to their lived experience. Four key themes, namely “Experiences of stigma”, “Discrimination from health professionals”, and “Disasters and emergency management” and “Support within disaster contexts” were identified in their talk. We conclude that it is vital that medications and other necessary treatments are made accessible to those who need them to maintain health and wellbeing. It is important to be aware that stigmatising beliefs manifest in disaster-response settings which have consequences for people who are already more vulnerable than others. Therefore we suggest that appropriate education and training be provided.

scholarly journals Understanding Disaster Risk Reduction Strategies in Schools of Developing Urban Settlement: Study on Dhaka City, Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Md Mostafizur Rahman ◽  
Irtifa Alam Nabila ◽  
Farhana Islam ◽  
Farah Tasnim
Keyword(s):  
Risk Reduction ◽  
School Safety ◽  
Disaster Risk Reduction ◽  
Fire Hazard ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Dhaka City ◽  
Severe Condition ◽  
Urban Settlement ◽  
The Government

The study investigates the existing scenario of disaster risk reduction (DRR) principles and practices in the schools of developing urban settlement. Bangladesh, being vulnerable due to disaster, has severe condition in some coastal areas due to climate change. People migrate to the capital city, Dhaka for better opportunity. In the last few years, DRR agenda is included in education programs to decrease the number of casualties and distressed people and reduce disaster losses. Increasing susceptibility begets higher risk; hence the study has been conducted focusing on urban disasters, especially Earthquake and Fire hazard. This study follows comprehensive global school safety framework (GADRRRES, 2017) to find out the school safety plan of schools in Dhaka city. It apprehended the viewpoints of children, teachers and local people about the situation of DRR education, plan and practices in schools by conducting FGD, Questionnaire survey. It has been observed although all respondents understand the importance of DRR, they lack interest of implementing it. Some schools run by the Government are following Drill, their condition are better than private schools considering DRR practices. Several strategic recommendations have been made at the end of the study to improve DRR preparedness in schools of Dhaka. 

Disability through an inclusive lens: disaster risk reduction in schools

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve Ronoh
Keyword(s):  
Risk Reduction ◽  
School Safety ◽  
Disaster Risk Reduction ◽  
Children With Disabilities ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Content Type

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to use an inclusive lens to explore pathways and considers, through the voices of children and adult participants, the complexities in implementing effective disaster risk reduction (DRR) in schools comprising children with disabilities. It identifies obstacles and suggests policy recommendations that consider their needs in DRR. Design/methodology/approach This paper draws on a case study of two schools supporting children with disabilities in the New Zealand regions of Hawke’s Bay and Auckland, each with differing experiences of past natural hazards and disasters. Data from children’s workshop activities, participant observation, semi-structured interviews, workshop photographs, school safety and policy documents were coded in Nvivo software to categorize data and to identify themes for cross-case analysis and discussion. Findings The research reveals three key pathways that schools can take in promoting inclusiveness in DRR. They are the provision of safe and accessible school building designs and facilities, avenues for children’s involvement and leadership in DRR initiatives, and in decision-making processes. Schools also offer opportunities for a collaborative effort towards inclusiveness in DRR within the school and with other stakeholders. Research limitations/implications Based on the findings, the paper suggests four broad policy recommendations for consideration towards strengthening the role of schools in disability-inclusive DRR. Originality/value The paper contributes to ongoing DRR efforts and adds new information to the disaster literature on the role of schools in disability-inclusive DRR.

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