scholarly journals Constraints on the three-dimensional thermal structure of the lower crust in the Japanese Islands

2013 ◽  
Vol 65 (8) ◽  
pp. 855-861 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ikuo Cho ◽  
Yasuto Kuwahara
Keyword(s):  
Lower Crust ◽  
Thermal Structure ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Japanese Islands

scholarly journals Development of three dimensional hydrogeological model and estimation of groundwater storage in Japanese islands.

2011 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 357-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaru KOSHIGAI ◽  
Atsunao MARUI ◽  
Narimitsu ITO ◽  
Takuya YOSHIZAWA
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Hydrogeological Model ◽  
Groundwater Storage ◽  
Japanese Islands

scholarly journals A THREE-DIMENSIONAL VIEW OF THE THERMAL STRUCTURE IN A SUPER-PENUMBRAL CANOPY

2014 ◽  
Vol 788 (2) ◽  
pp. 183 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Beck ◽  
D. P. Choudhary ◽  
R. Rezaei
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Structure ◽  
Three Dimensional

scholarly journals Deep and extensive meltwater system beneath the former Eurasian Ice Sheet in the Kara Sea

Geology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Montelli ◽  
Julian A. Dowdeswell ◽  
Anastasiya Pirogova ◽  
Yana Terekhina ◽  
Mikhail Tokarev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ocean Circulation ◽  
Late Quaternary ◽  
Thermal Structure ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Ice Sheet ◽  
Kara Sea ◽  
Yamal Peninsula ◽  
Arctic Seas ◽  
Ice Dynamics ◽  
Eastern Margin

Abstract The Eurasian ice sheet extended across the Barents and Kara Seas during the late Quaternary, yet evidence on past ice dynamics and thermal structure across its huge eastern periphery remains largely unknown. Here we use three-dimensional seismic data sets covering ∼4500 km2 of the Kara Sea west of Yamal Peninsula, Siberia (71°–73°N), to identify, for the first time in the Russian Arctic seas, several buried generations of vast subglacial tunnel valley networks. Individual valleys are up to 50 km long and are incised as much as 400 m deep; among the largest tunnel valleys ever reported. This discovery represents the first documentation of an extensively warm-based eastern margin of the Eurasian ice sheet during the Quaternary glaciations. The presence of major subglacial channel networks on the shallow shelf, with no evidence of ice streaming, suggests that significant meltwater discharge and subsequent freshwater forcing of ocean circulation may be long-lived rather than catastrophic, occurring during the latest stages of deglaciation in areas where the ice sheet flows slowly and is grounded largely above sea level. Furthermore, the first account of an extensive hydrological network across large areas of the Kara Sea provides important empirical evidence for active subglacial hydrological processes that should be considered in future numerical modeling of the eastern margin of the Quaternary Eurasian ice sheet.

scholarly journals Assessment of a NEMO-based hydrodynamic modelling system for the Great Lakes

2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 198-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederic Dupont ◽  
Padala Chittibabu ◽  
Vincent Fortin ◽  
Yerubandi R. Rao ◽  
Youyu Lu
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Thermal Structure ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Multiscale Model ◽  
Ocean Model ◽  
Global Ocean ◽  
Central Basin ◽  
Surface Mixed Layer ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
Modelling System

Environment Canada recently developed a coupled lake–atmosphere–hydrological modelling system for the Laurentian Great Lakes. This modelling system consists of the Canadian Regional Deterministic Prediction System (RDPS), which is based on the Global Environmental Multiscale model (GEM), the MESH (Modélisation Environnementale Surface et Hydrologie) surface and river routing model, and a hydrodynamic model based on the three-dimensional global ocean model Nucleus for European Modelling of the Ocean (NEMO). This paper describes the performance of the NEMO model in the Great Lakes. The model was run from 2004 to 2009 with atmospheric forcing from GEM and river forcing from the MESH modelling system for the Great Lakes region and compared with available observations in selected lakes. The NEMO model is able to produce observed variations of lake levels, ice concentrations, lake surface temperatures, surface currents and vertical thermal structure reasonably well in most of the Great Lakes. However, the model produced a diffused thermocline in the central basin of Lake Erie. The model predicted evaporation is relatively strong in the upper lakes. Preliminary results of the modelling system indicate that the model needs further improvements in atmospheric–lake exchange bulk formulae and surface mixed layer physics.

Mechanical properties and mechanical behavior of (SiO2)f/SiO2 composites with 3D six-directional braided quartz fiber preform

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Liu ◽  
Zhaofeng Chen ◽  
Jianxun Zhu ◽  
Yun Jiang ◽  
Binbin Li
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Thermal Structure ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Shear Loading ◽  
Failure Behavior ◽  
Fiber Volume ◽  
Strain Behavior ◽  
Highly Nonlinear ◽  
Nonlinear Stress

Abstract(SiO2)f/SiO2 composites reinforced with three-dimensional (3D) six-directional preform were fabricated by the silicasol-infiltration-sintering method. The nominal fiber volume fraction was 47%. To characterize the mechanical properties of the composites, mechanical testing was carried out under various loading conditions, including tensile, flexural, and shear loading. The composite exhibited highly nonlinear stress-strain behavior under all the three types of loading. The results indicated that the 3D six-directional braided (SiO2)f/SiO2 composites exhibited superior flexural properties and good shear resistant as compared with other types of preform (2.5D and 3D four-directional)-reinforced (SiO2)f/SiO2 composites. 3D six-directional braided (SiO2)f/SiO2 composite exhibited graceful failure behavior under loading. The addition of 5th and 6th yarns resulted in controlled fracture and hence these 3D six-directional braided composites could possibly be suitable for thermal structure components.

Modelling the surface circulation and thermal structure of a tropical reservoir using three-dimensional hydrodynamic lake model and remote-sensing data

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 516-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Pedroso Curtarelli ◽  
Enner Alcântara ◽  
Camilo Daleles Rennó ◽  
Arcilan Trevenzoli Assireu ◽  
Marie Paule Bonnet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Thermal Structure ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Tropical Reservoir ◽  
Sensing Data ◽  
Surface Circulation ◽  
Lake Model

Numerical modeling study of impact of a large sediment capping facility on local industrial cooling water temperature

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (10) ◽  
pp. 1289-1302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng He
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Thermal Structure ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler ◽  
Vertical Temperature Profile ◽  
Buoyant Force ◽  
Cooling Water Temperature ◽  
Current Profiler ◽  
Long Channel

This study assesses the potential increase in the intake cooling water temperatures if both the local industrial intake water and outfall cooling waters are trapped in the same narrow long channel. A three-dimensional (3D) hydrodynamic model was used to quantitatively investigate water temperature structures in the channel. The model was verified in a previous hydrodynamic study at the same location using vertical current profiles measured by an acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) and further verified in this study with the measured vertical temperature profile. Several scenarios were investigated under various wind and geometrical conditions. The simulated results revealed that because of the strong buoyant force induced by water temperature differences the trapped hot outfall water would not be directly retaken by the intake located about 70 m away from the outlet and 6 m below the surface. The thermal structure in the channel eventually reached an equilibrium stage due to additional fresh bay water and heat loss through various heat-transfer mechanisms from the air–water interface. The results of this modelling study can be extended to solve other similar environmental and civil engineering problems.

Some results of COCORP seismic reflection profiling in the Grenville-age Adirondack Mountains, New York State

1985 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. L. Klemperer ◽  
L. D. Brown ◽  
J. E. Oliver ◽  
C. J. Ando ◽  
B. L. Czuchra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Lower Crust ◽  
Seismic Reflection ◽  
New York State ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Upper Crust ◽  
Adirondack Mountains ◽  
East Central ◽  
York State ◽  
Seismic Reflection Profiling

COCORP deep seismic reflection profiling in the Adirondack Mountains of northern New York State has revealed a prominent zone of layered reflectors in the lower crust of the east-central Adirondacks. The strong, layered reflectors (here termed the Tahawus complex) occur between 18 and 26 km depth, beneath the sparsely reflective, granulite-grade, surface terrane, which has been uplifted from depths greater than 20 km. The Tahawus complex apparently represents layered rocks of some type in the lower crust of the Adirondacks. Possibilities include gneissic layering, cumulate igneous layering, a layered sill complex, and underthrust sedimentary strata, The Tahawus complex may be spatially coincident with a previously detected, high-conductivity zone in the lower crust, suggesting that either unusual mineralogies or interstitial electrolytes are present in the Tahawus complex. In contrast to layered reflections discovered in the lower crust of the east-central Adirondacks and southeast of the Adirondacks, cross-cutting and discontinuous reflections are recorded from the upper crust on all the COCORP Adirondack lines, including lines in both the Adirondack Highlands and Lowlands. Available three-dimensional control suggests that reflections in the upper crust of the central Adirondacks are parallel to, and hence may be related to, the folded gneisses mapped at the surface. Shallow events are also observed on a COCORP profile close to the epicenter of the 7 October 1983 magnitude 5.2 earthquake in the central Adirondacks, but their relation to the earthquake is uncertain.

Thermal structure of the Amery Ice Shelf from borehole observations and simulations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Wang ◽  
Chen Zhao ◽  
Rupert Gladstone ◽  
Ben Galton-Fenzi
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Mass Balance ◽  
Thermal Structure ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Temperature Gradients ◽  
Temperature Fields ◽  
Large Temperature ◽  
Temperature Profiles ◽  
Ice Shelf ◽  
Amery Ice Shelf

<p>The Amery Ice Shelf (AIS), East Antarctica, has a layered structure, due to the presence of both meteoric and marine ice. In this study, the thermal structures of the AIS are evaluated from vertical temperature profiles, and its formation mechanism are demonstrated by numerical simulations. The temperature profiles, derived from borehole thermistor data at four different locations, indicate distinct temperature regimes in the areas with and without basal marine ice. The former shows a near-isothermal layer over 100 m at the bottom and stable internal temperature gradients, while the latter reveals a cold core ice resulting from upstream cold ice advection and large temperature gradients within 90 m at the bottom. The three-dimensional steady-state temperature fields are simulated by Elmer/Ice, a full-stokes ice sheet model, using three different basal mass balance datasets. We found the simulated temperature fields are highly sensitive to the choice of dynamic boundary conditions on both upper and lower surfaces. To better illustrate the formation of the vertical thermal regimes, we construct a one-dimensional temperature column model to simulate the process of ice columns moving on the flowlines with varying boundary conditions. The comparison of simulated and observed temperature profiles suggests that the basal mass balance and meteoric ice advection are both crucial factors determining the thermal structure of the ice shelf. The different basal mass balance datasets are indirectly evaluated as well. The improved understanding of the thermal structure of the AIS will assist with further studies on its thermodynamics and rheology.</p>

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