N2 Temperature of Vibration instrument for sounding rocket observation in the lower thermosphere

2013 ◽  
pp. 33-39
Author(s):  
J. Kurihara ◽  
N. Iwagami ◽  
K.-I. Oyama
Keyword(s):  
Lower Thermosphere ◽  
Sounding Rocket

scholarly journals Use of O2 airglow for calibrating direct atomic oxygen measurements from sounding rockets

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 1419-1452
Author(s):  
J. Hedin ◽  
J. Gumbel ◽  
J. Stegman ◽  
G. Witt
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Oxygen ◽  
Fluorescence Probe ◽  
Lower Thermosphere ◽  
Sounding Rocket ◽  
Fluorescence Technique ◽  
Resonance Fluorescence ◽  
Photometric Detection ◽  
Fluorescence Measurements ◽  
Oxygen Measurements ◽  
Oxygen Profiles

Abstract. Accurate knowledge about the distribution of atomic oxygen is crucial for many studies of the mesosphere and lower thermosphere. Direct measurements of atomic oxygen by the resonance fluorescence technique at 130 nm have been made from many sounding rocket payloads in the past. This measurement technique yields atomic oxygen profiles with good sensitivity and altitude resolution. However, accuracy is a problem as calibration and aerodynamics make the quantitative analysis challenging. In general, accuracies better than a factor 2 are not to be expected from direct atomic oxygen measurements. As an example, we present results from the NLTE (non local thermodynamic equilibrium) sounding rocket campaign at Esrange, Sweden, in 1998, with simultaneous O2 airglow and O resonance fluorescence measurements. O number densities are found to be consistent with the nightglow analysis, but only within the uncertainty limits of the resonance fluorescence technique. Based on these results, we here describe how better atomic oxygen number densities can be obtained by calibrating direct techniques with complementary airglow photometer measurements and detailed aerodynamic analysis. Night-time direct O measurements can be complemented by photometric detection of the O2 (b1Σg+−X3Σg−) atmospheric band at 762 nm, while during daytime the O2 (a1Δg−X3Σg−) infrared atmospheric band at 1.27 μm can be used. The combination of a photometer and a rather simple resonance fluorescence probe can provide atomic oxygen profiles with both good accuracy and good height resolution.

scholarly journals On the short-term variability of turbulence and temperature in the winter mesosphere

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald A. Lehmacher ◽  
Miguel F. Larsen ◽  
Richard L. Collins ◽  
Aroh Barjatya ◽  
Boris Strelnikov
Keyword(s):  
High Precision ◽  
Attitude Control ◽  
Lower Thermosphere ◽  
Density Fluctuations ◽  
Sounding Rocket ◽  
Neutral Density ◽  
Spin Motion ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Variability

Abstract. Four mesosphere-lower thermosphere temperature and turbulence profiles were obtained in situ within ~ 30 minutes and over an area of about 100 by 100 kilometers during a sounding rocket experiment conducted on January 26, 2015 at Poker Flat Research Range in Alaska. Using active payload attitude control, neutral density fluctuations, a tracer for turbulence, were observed with very little interference from the payload spin motion, and with high precision (

scholarly journals Estimate of size distribution of charged MSPs measured in situ in winter during the WADIS-2 sounding rocket campaign

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 979-998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heiner Asmus ◽  
Tristan Staszak ◽  
Boris Strelnikov ◽  
Franz-Josef Lübken ◽  
Martin Friedrich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Size Distribution ◽  
Lower Thermosphere ◽  
Size Distribution Function ◽  
Density Fluctuations ◽  
Sounding Rocket ◽  
Turbulence Energy ◽  
Distribution Width ◽  
Smoke Particles ◽  
Schmidt Numbers

Abstract. We present results of in situ measurements of mesosphere–lower thermosphere dusty-plasma densities including electrons, positive ions and charged aerosols conducted during the WADIS-2 sounding rocket campaign. The neutral air density was also measured, allowing for robust derivation of turbulence energy dissipation rates. A unique feature of these measurements is that they were done in a true common volume and with high spatial resolution. This allows for a reliable derivation of mean sizes and a size distribution function for the charged meteor smoke particles (MSPs). The mean particle radius derived from Schmidt numbers obtained from electron density fluctuations was ∼ 0.56 nm. We assumed a lognormal size distribution of the charged meteor smoke particles and derived the distribution width of 1.66 based on in situ-measured densities of different plasma constituents. We found that layers of enhanced meteor smoke particles' density measured by the particle detector coincide with enhanced Schmidt numbers obtained from the electron and neutral density fluctuations. Thus, we found that large particles with sizes  > 1 nm were stratified in layers of  ∼ 1 km thickness and lying some kilometers apart from each other.

scholarly journals Use of O<sub>2</sub> airglow for calibrating direct atomic oxygen measurements from sounding rockets

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 801-812 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Hedin ◽  
J. Gumbel ◽  
J. Stegman ◽  
G. Witt
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Oxygen ◽  
Fluorescence Probe ◽  
Lower Thermosphere ◽  
Sounding Rocket ◽  
Fluorescence Technique ◽  
Resonance Fluorescence ◽  
Photometric Detection ◽  
Fluorescence Measurements ◽  
Oxygen Measurements ◽  
Oxygen Profiles

Abstract. Accurate knowledge about the distribution of atomic oxygen is crucial for many studies of the mesosphere and lower thermosphere. Direct measurements of atomic oxygen by the resonance fluorescence technique at 130 nm have been made from many sounding rocket payloads in the past. This measurement technique yields atomic oxygen profiles with good sensitivity and altitude resolution. However, accuracy is a problem as calibration and aerodynamics make the quantitative analysis challenging. Most often, accuracies better than a factor 2 are not to be expected from direct atomic oxygen measurements. As an example, we present results from the NLTE (Non Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium) sounding rocket campaign at Esrange, Sweden, in 1998, with simultaneous O2 airglow and O resonance fluorescence measurements. O number densities are found to be consistent with the nightglow analysis, but only within the uncertainty limits of the resonance fluorescence technique. Based on these results, we here describe how better atomic oxygen number densities can be obtained by calibrating direct techniques with complementary airglow photometer measurements and detailed aerodynamic analysis. Night-time direct O measurements can be complemented by photometric detection of the O2 (b1∑g+−X3∑g-) Atmospheric Band at 762 nm, while during daytime the O2 (a1Δg−X3∑g-) Infrared Atmospheric Band at 1.27 μm can be used. The combination of a photometer and a rather simple resonance fluorescence probe can provide atomic oxygen profiles with both good accuracy and good height resolution.

scholarly journals Validation of the radiation pattern of the VHF MST radar MAARSY by scattering off a sounding rocket's payload

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 41-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Renkwitz ◽  
C. Schult ◽  
R. Latteck ◽  
G. Stober
Keyword(s):  
Antenna Array ◽  
Radiation Pattern ◽  
Middle Atmosphere ◽  
Phase Distribution ◽  
Lower Thermosphere ◽  
Beam Width ◽  
Sounding Rocket ◽  
Flexible Beam ◽  
Phased Array Antenna ◽  
Pointing Accuracy

Abstract. The Middle Atmosphere Alomar Radar System (MAARSY) is a monostatic radar with an active phased array antenna designed for studies of phenomena in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere. Its design, in particular the flexible beam forming and steering capability, makes it a powerful instrument to perform observations with high angular and temporal resolution. For the configuration and analysis of experiments carried out with the radar it is essential to have knowledge of the actual radiation pattern. Therefore, during the time since the radar was put into operation various active and passive experiments have been performed to gain knowledge of the radiation pattern. With these experiments the beam pointing accuracy, the beam width and phase distribution of the antenna array were investigated. Here, the use of a sounding rocket and its payload as a radar target is described which was launched in the proximity of the radar. The analysis of these observations allows the detailed investigation of the two-way radiation pattern for different antenna array sizes and beam pointing positions.

scholarly journals Spatial and temporal variability in MLT turbulence inferred from in situ and ground-based observations during the WADIS-1 sounding rocket campaign

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 547-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boris Strelnikov ◽  
Artur Szewczyk ◽  
Irina Strelnikova ◽  
Ralph Latteck ◽  
Gerd Baumgarten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Lower Thermosphere ◽  
Vertical Direction ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Horizontal Wind ◽  
Sounding Rocket ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
New Finding ◽  
Tidal Change ◽  
Eiscat Radar

Abstract. In summer 2013 the WADIS-1 sounding rocket campaign was conducted at the Andøya Space Center (ACS) in northern Norway (69° N, 16° E). Among other things, it addressed the question of the variability in mesosphere/lower thermosphere (MLT) turbulence, both in time and space. A unique feature of the WADIS project was multi-point turbulence sounding applying different measurement techniques including rocket-borne ionization gauges, VHF MAARSY radar, and VHF EISCAT radar near Tromsø. This allowed for horizontal variability to be observed in the turbulence field in the MLT at scales from a few to 100 km. We found that the turbulence dissipation rate, ε varied in space in a wavelike manner both horizontally and in the vertical direction. This wavelike modulation reveals the same vertical wavelengths as those seen in gravity waves. We also found that the vertical mean value of radar observations of ε agrees reasonably with rocket-borne measurements. In this way defined 〈εradar〉 value reveals clear tidal modulation and results in variation by up to 2 orders of magnitude with periods of 24 h. The 〈εradar〉 value also shows 12 h and shorter (1 to a few hours) modulations resulting in one decade of variation in 〈εradar〉 magnitude. The 24 h modulation appeared to be in phase with tidal change of horizontal wind observed by SAURA-MF radar. Such wavelike and, in particular, tidal modulation of the turbulence dissipation field in the MLT region inferred from our analysis is a new finding of this work.

scholarly journals Numerical simulation of 3-D flow around sounding rocket in the lower thermosphere

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Kurihara ◽  
K.-I. Oyama ◽  
N. Iwagami ◽  
T. Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Lower Thermosphere ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Density Measurement ◽  
Direct Simulation Monte Carlo ◽  
Sounding Rocket ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Axially Symmetric ◽  
Asymmetric Flow ◽  
Dsmc Method ◽  
Spin Modulation

Abstract. Numerical simulations using the Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method are known to be useful for analyses of aerodynamic effects on in-situ rocket measurements in the lower thermosphere, but the DSMC analysis of a spin modulation caused by an asymmetric flow around the rocket spin axis has been restricted to the two-dimensional and axially symmetric simulations in actual sounding rocket experiments. This study provides a quantitative analysis of the spin modulation using a three-dimensional (3-D) simulation of the asymmetric flow with the DSMC method. Clear spin modulations in the lower thermospheric N2 density measurement by a rocket-borne instrument are simulated using the rocket attitude and velocity, the simplified payload structure, and the approximated atmospheric conditions. Comparison between the observed and simulated spin modulations show a very good agreement within 5% at around 100km. The results of the simulation are used to correct the spin modulations and derive the absolute densities in the background atmosphere.

scholarly journals Observations of NO in the upper mesosphere and lower thermosphere during ECOMA 2010

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (11) ◽  
pp. 1611-1621 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Hedin ◽  
M. Rapp ◽  
M. Khaplanov ◽  
J. Stegman ◽  
G. Witt
Keyword(s):  
Middle Atmosphere ◽  
Lower Thermosphere ◽  
Meteor Shower ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sounding Rocket ◽  
Northern Norway ◽  
Smoke Particles ◽  
Meteoric Smoke ◽  
Mesosphere And Lower Thermosphere ◽  
Main Instrument

Abstract. In December 2010 the last campaign of the German-Norwegian sounding rocket project ECOMA (Existence and Charge state Of Meteoric smoke particles in the middle Atmosphere) was conducted from Andøya Rocket Range in northern Norway (69° N, 16° E) in connection with the Geminid meteor shower. The main instrument on board the rocket payloads was the ECOMA detector for studying meteoric smoke particles (MSPs) by active photoionization and subsequent detection of the produced charges (particles and photoelectrons). In addition to photoionizing MSPs, the energy of the emitted photons from the ECOMA flash-lamp is high enough to also photoionize nitric oxide (NO). Thus, around the peak of the NO layer, at and above the main MSP layer, photoelectrons produced by the photoionization of NO are expected to contribute to, or even dominate above the main MSP-layer, the total measured photoelectron current. Among the other instruments on board was a set of two photometers to study the O2 (b1Σg+−X3Σg

scholarly journals Simultaneous in situ measurements of small-scale structures in neutral, plasma, and atomic oxygen densities during the WADIS sounding rocket project

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (17) ◽  
pp. 11443-11460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boris Strelnikov ◽  
Martin Eberhart ◽  
Martin Friedrich ◽  
Jonas Hedin ◽  
Mikhail Khaplanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Oxygen ◽  
Lower Thermosphere ◽  
Density Fluctuations ◽  
Sounding Rocket ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Scale Structures ◽  
Small Scale Structures ◽  
Mlt Region ◽  
Diffusion Properties

Abstract. In this paper we present an overview of measurements conducted during the WADIS-2 rocket campaign. We investigate the effect of small-scale processes like gravity waves and turbulence on the distribution of atomic oxygen and other species in the mesosphere–lower thermosphere (MLT) region. Our analysis suggests that density fluctuations of atomic oxygen are coupled to fluctuations of other constituents, i.e., plasma and neutrals. Our measurements show that all measured quantities, including winds, densities, and temperatures, reveal signatures of both waves and turbulence. We show observations of gravity wave saturation and breakdown together with simultaneous measurements of generated turbulence. Atomic oxygen inside turbulence layers shows two different spectral behaviors, which might imply a change in its diffusion properties.

scholarly journals Dynamics and Energetics of the Lower Thermosphere in Aurora (DELTA)—Japanese sounding rocket campaign—

2006 ◽  
Vol 58 (9) ◽  
pp. 1165-1171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takumi Abe ◽  
Junichi Kurihara ◽  
Naomoto Iwagami ◽  
Satonori Nozawa ◽  
Yasunobu Ogawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Thermosphere ◽  
Sounding Rocket
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