Early Intervention in Mental Health for Adolescents and Young Adults: A Systematic Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 7205190040p1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Halley Read ◽  
Sean Roush ◽  
Donna Downing
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Early Intervention ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults

OP46 Redefining Mental Health Services For Youth: Evidence To Action

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (S1) ◽  
pp. 18-18
Author(s):  
Angela Ly ◽  
Gilbert A. Tremblay ◽  
Sylvie Beauchamp
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Early Intervention ◽  
Mental Health Services ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
At Risk Youth

Introduction:Current organization of mental health services in Canada imposes a rupture during youth transition to adulthood, when severe mental health disorders start appearing. This can have a major impact on youth recovery and social integration. A health technology assessment (HTA) was initiated to evaluate the efficacy of programs that simultaneously target adolescents and young adults to support decision making.Methods:A systematic review of systematic reviews was conducted. Four databases were searched (MEDLINE, Embase, Applied Social Sciences Index and Abstracts, and CINAHL) for articles published between 2000 and 2017. Article selection and quality assessment (ROBIS tool) were performed and inter-rater agreement was measured. To be included, the systematic review had to study specialized models or programs serving both adolescents and young adults. An analytical framework was constructed based on the categorization of performance measures for early intervention and the five dimensions of recovery. Group and individual interviews were conducted to collect contextual and experiential data.Results:A total of 1,054 references were identified. After applying the selection criteria, five systematic reviews were selected. The majority of programs identified were developed for early psychosis. This HTA did not identify specialized programs for other types of mental illness or at-risk youth. Evidence on early interventions for psychosis is emerging in regards to their efficacy in improving functional and clinical recovery. However, evidence has yet to be established for their impact on access. Contextual and experiential data from our organization validated and completed the scientific findings. Facilitating and constraining factors in the implementation of a person-centered care model and inter-agency collaboration were identified.Conclusions:Services targeting at-risk youth should be developed as part of a continuum of care that is adapted to clinical stages so that all youths living with psychological distress can be treated, regardless of diagnosis or age. These services may draw inspiration from models of early intervention for psychosis. Recommendations from this HTA are currently being put into action in the West Island of Montreal.

scholarly journals Examining the Association and Directionality between Mental Health Disorders and Substance Use among Adolescents and Young Adults in the U.S. and Canada—A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarvenaz Esmaeelzadeh ◽  
John Moraros ◽  
Lilian Thorpe ◽  
Yelena Bird
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Mental Health Disorders ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Health Disorders ◽  
The U.S

Background: The purpose of this systematic review was to examine the association and directionality between mental health disorders and substance use among adolescents and young adults in the U.S. and Canada. Methods: The following databases were used: Medline, PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, and Cochrane Library. Meta-analysis used odds ratios as the pooled measure of effect. Results: A total of 3656 studies were screened and 36 were selected. Pooled results showed a positive association between depression and use of alcohol (odds ratio (OR) = 1.50, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.24–1.83), cannabis (OR = 1.29, 95% CI: 1.10–1.51), and tobacco (OR = 1.65, 95% CI: 1.43–1.92). Significant associations were also found between anxiety and use of alcohol (OR = 1.54, 95% CI: 1.19–2.00), cannabis (OR = 1.36, 95% CI: 1.02–1.81), and tobacco (OR = 2.21, 95% CI: 1.54–3.17). A bidirectional relationship was observed with tobacco use at baseline leading to depression at follow-up (OR = 1.87, CI = 1.23–2.85) and depression at baseline leading to tobacco use at follow-up (OR = 1.22, CI = 1.09–1.37). A unidirectional relationship was also observed with cannabis use leading to depression (OR = 1.33, CI = 1.19–1.49). Conclusion: This study offers insights into the association and directionality between mental health disorders and substance use among adolescents and young adults. Our findings can help guide key stakeholders in making recommendations for interventions, policy and programming.

scholarly journals Telemental Health For Youth With Chronic Illnesses: Systematic Review (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Lau ◽  
Susannah F Colt ◽  
Shayna Waldbaum ◽  
Alison O'Daffer ◽  
Kaitlyn Fladeboe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Chronic Illnesses ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Telemental Health

BACKGROUND Children, adolescents, and young adults with chronic conditions experience difficulties coping with disease-related stressors, comorbid mental health problems, and decreased quality of life. The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a global mental health crisis, and telemental health has necessarily displaced in-person care. However, it remains unknown whether such remote interventions are feasible or efficacious. We aimed to fill this research-practice gap. OBJECTIVE In this systematic review, we present a synthesis of studies examining the feasibility and efficacy of telemental health interventions for youth aged ≤25 years with chronic illnesses. METHODS PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, PsycInfo, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were searched from 2008 to 2020. We included experimental, quasiexperimental, and observational studies of telemental health interventions designed for children, adolescents, and young adults aged ≤25 years with chronic illnesses, in which feasibility or efficacy outcomes were measured. Only English-language publications in peer-reviewed journals were included. We excluded studies of interventions for caregivers or health care providers, mental health problems not in the context of a chronic illness, disease and medication management, and prevention programs for healthy individuals. RESULTS We screened 2154 unique study records and 109 relevant full-text articles. Twelve studies met the inclusion criteria, and they represented seven unique telemental health interventions. Five of the studies included feasibility outcomes and seven included efficacy outcomes. All but two studies were pilot studies with relatively small sample sizes. Most interventions were based on cognitive behavioral therapy and problem-solving therapy. The subset of studies examining intervention feasibility concluded that telemental health interventions were appropriate, acceptable, and satisfactory to patients and their parents. Technology did not create barriers in access to care. For the subset of efficacy studies, evidence in support of the efficacy of telemental health was mixed. Significant heterogeneity in treatment type, medical diagnoses, and outcomes precluded a meta-analysis. CONCLUSIONS The state of the science for telemental health interventions designed for youth with chronic illnesses is in a nascent stage. Early evidence supports the feasibility of telehealth-based delivery of traditional in-person interventions. Few studies have assessed efficacy, and current findings are mixed. Future research should continue to evaluate whether telemental health may serve as a sustainable alternative to in-person care after the COVID pandemic.

scholarly journals Systematic Review of Electronic Cigarette Use (Vaping) and Mental Health Comorbidity Among Adolescents and Young Adults

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy D Becker ◽  
Melanie K Arnold ◽  
Vicky Ro ◽  
Lily Martin ◽  
Timothy R Rice
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Externalizing Disorders ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Electronic Cigarette ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Health Comorbidities

Abstract Introduction The prevalence of electronic cigarette (EC) use has risen dramatically among adolescents and young adults (AYA, ages 12–26) over the past decade. Despite extensive established relationships between combustible cigarette use and mental health problems, the mental health comorbidities of EC use remain unclear. Aims and Methods To provide a systematic review of existing literature on mental health comorbidities of EC use among AYA. Database searches using search terms related to EC, AYA, and mental health identified 1168 unique articles, 87 of which prompted full-text screening. Multiple authors extracted data, applied the Effective Public Health Practice Project Quality Assessment Tool to evaluate the evidence, and synthesized findings. Results Forty articles met eligibility criteria (n = 24 predominantly adolescent and 16 predominantly young adult). Analyses yielded three main categories of focus: internalizing disorders (including depression, anxiety, suicidality, eating disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder), externalizing disorders (attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and conduct disorder), and transdiagnostic concepts (impulsivity and perceived stress). Significant methodological limitations were noted. Conclusions Youth EC use is associated with greater mental health problems (compared with nonuse) across several domains, particularly among adolescents. Because many existing studies are cross-sectional, directionality remains uncertain. Well-designed longitudinal studies to investigate long-term mental health sequelae of EC use remain needed. Implications Forty recent studies demonstrate a variety of mental health comorbidities with AYA EC use, particularly among adolescents. Mental health comorbidities of EC use generally parallel those of combustible cigarette use, with a few exceptions. Future EC prevention and treatment strategies may be enhanced by addressing mental health.

scholarly journals Telemental Health For Youth With Chronic Illnesses: Systematic Review

10.2196/30098 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. e30098
Author(s):  
Nancy Lau ◽  
Susannah F Colt ◽  
Shayna Waldbaum ◽  
Alison O'Daffer ◽  
Kaitlyn Fladeboe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Chronic Illnesses ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Telemental Health

Background Children, adolescents, and young adults with chronic conditions experience difficulties coping with disease-related stressors, comorbid mental health problems, and decreased quality of life. The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a global mental health crisis, and telemental health has necessarily displaced in-person care. However, it remains unknown whether such remote interventions are feasible or efficacious. We aimed to fill this research-practice gap. Objective In this systematic review, we present a synthesis of studies examining the feasibility and efficacy of telemental health interventions for youth aged ≤25 years with chronic illnesses. Methods PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, PsycInfo, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were searched from 2008 to 2020. We included experimental, quasiexperimental, and observational studies of telemental health interventions designed for children, adolescents, and young adults aged ≤25 years with chronic illnesses, in which feasibility or efficacy outcomes were measured. Only English-language publications in peer-reviewed journals were included. We excluded studies of interventions for caregivers or health care providers, mental health problems not in the context of a chronic illness, disease and medication management, and prevention programs for healthy individuals. Results We screened 2154 unique study records and 109 relevant full-text articles. Twelve studies met the inclusion criteria, and they represented seven unique telemental health interventions. Five of the studies included feasibility outcomes and seven included efficacy outcomes. All but two studies were pilot studies with relatively small sample sizes. Most interventions were based on cognitive behavioral therapy and problem-solving therapy. The subset of studies examining intervention feasibility concluded that telemental health interventions were appropriate, acceptable, and satisfactory to patients and their parents. Technology did not create barriers in access to care. For the subset of efficacy studies, evidence in support of the efficacy of telemental health was mixed. Significant heterogeneity in treatment type, medical diagnoses, and outcomes precluded a meta-analysis. Conclusions The state of the science for telemental health interventions designed for youth with chronic illnesses is in a nascent stage. Early evidence supports the feasibility of telehealth-based delivery of traditional in-person interventions. Few studies have assessed efficacy, and current findings are mixed. Future research should continue to evaluate whether telemental health may serve as a sustainable alternative to in-person care after the COVID pandemic.

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