Corrosion Behavior of Ferritic-Martensitic Steel in H<sub>2</sub>O Containing CO<sub>2</sub> and O<sub>2</sub> at 50°C to 245°C and 8 MPa

CORROSION ◽  
10.5006/3603 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reyixiati Repukaiti ◽  
Richard Oleksak ◽  
John Baltrus ◽  
Lucas Teeter ◽  
Margaret Ziomek-Moroz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Oxide Layer ◽  
Martensitic Steel ◽  
Product Layer ◽  
Test Duration ◽  
Corrosion Rates ◽  
Corrosion Product Layer ◽  
Aqueous Environments ◽  
Corrosion Mechanisms

In order to understand the corrosion mechanisms of structural materials in low-temperature components of direct supercritical CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; cycles, immersion experiments were performed in the aqueous environments expected at these conditions. A ferritic-martensitic steel [UNS K91560] was selected as the candidate material. Steel specimens were fully submerged in H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O pressurized with 99% CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; and 1% O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; to 8 MPa, and heated up to temperature (either 50°C, 100°C, 150°C, or 245°C), with a test duration of 500 hours. Corrosion rates were calculated based on mass loss. SEM, XRD, XPS, and Raman Spectroscopy were used to characterize microstructure, phases, crystallinity, and composition of the corrosion product layer. Experimental results show that specimens exposed at 100°C had the highest corrosion rate, followed by the specimens exposed at 50°C. The specimens exposed at the highest temperature exhibited the lowest corrosion rate. An outer non-continuous non-protective Fe-rich oxide layer and a well-adhered inner oxide layer containing both Fe and Cr formed on the specimen surfaces. The inner oxide layer changed from amorphous to crystalline as temperature increased.

scholarly journals Experimental Apparent Stern–Geary Coefficients for AZ31B Mg Alloy in Physiological Body Fluids for Accurate Corrosion Rate Determination

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 391
Author(s):  
Federico R. García-Galvan ◽  
Santiago Fajardo ◽  
Violeta Barranco ◽  
Sebastián Feliu
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Surface Characterization ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Product Layer ◽  
Mg Alloy ◽  
Corrosion Rates ◽  
Corrosion Product Layer ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Phosphate Buffered Saline

The corrosion behavior of AZ31B Mg alloy exposed to Ringer’s, phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), Hank’s, and simulated body fluid (SBF) solutions for 4 days was investigated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), potentiodynamic polarization, weight loss, and surface characterization. Changes in corrosion rates with immersion time determined by weight loss measurements were compared with EIS data to determine the possibility of obtaining quantitative electrochemical information. In addition, changes in the protective properties of the corrosion product layer calculated from the EIS parameters were evaluated as a function of their surface chemical composition as determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and visual observations of the corroded specimen’s surface. Apparent Stern–Geary coefficients for the AZ31B Mg alloy in each test solution were calculated using the relationship between icorr from weight loss measurements and the EIS data (both Rp and Rt). This provided experimental reference B′ values that may be used as a useful tool in independent investigations to improve the accuracy of corrosion rates of AZ31B Mg alloy in simulated body solutions.

scholarly journals Corrosion of carbon steel in formic acid as an organic pollutant under the influence of concentration cell

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-94
Author(s):  
Suzan T. Abbas ◽  
Basim O. Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Acid Solution ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Galvanic Corrosion ◽  
Organic Pollutant ◽  
Product Layer ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Formic Acid Solution ◽  
Concentration Cell ◽  
Corrosion Product Layer

The presence of contaminants in water even in small amounts can cause considerablecorrosion damages of metals. This is due to free corrosion effect or the formation ofconcentration cell of pollutants resulting in a galvanic effect. The current work was devotedto study the effect of formic acid (CH2O2) as an organic pollutant on the corrosion rate ofcarbon steel under different operating conditions. It includes an investigation of galvaniccorrosion caused by the establishment of concentration cell of formic acid under differentoperating conditions. The ranges of operating parameters were formic acid concentration of10-4 - 10-5 M and temperature of 32 - 50 °C. The results showed that increasing formic acidconcentration to 10-4 M leads to an increase in the corrosion rate by up to 7.6 times that inthe water of 0.1N NaCl. In addition, the corrosion rate in each terminal in concentrationcell also increased by up to 2.3 times. Pumping of air in formic acid solution led to aconsiderable increase in the corrosion rates and enhances the concentration cell effectwhich increases the galvanic currents. High increase of corrosion rate was noticed bypumping the air at high temperature reaching up to 4 times depending on temperature. Ingeneral, the galvanic currents were high initially and decreased with time due to theformation of corrosion product layer. The increase in temperature from 25 to 50 oC causedan increase in the galvanic corrosion rate reached up to 2 times in formic acid solution. Inaddition, the galvanic currents were noticed to decrease with temperature while thecorrosion rate of each terminal was increased.

Study of Corrosion Behavior of Polyuretane/nanoHidroxiapatite Hybrid Coating in Hank Solution at 25 °C

2015 ◽  
Vol 1766 ◽  
pp. 159-165
Author(s):  
G. Carbajal-De La Torre ◽  
A.B. Martinez-Valencia ◽  
A. Sanchez-Castillo ◽  
M. Villagomez-Galindo ◽  
M.A. Espinosa-Medina
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Behavior ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Ionic Species ◽  
Product Layer ◽  
Hybrid Coating ◽  
Corrosion Product Layer ◽  
Ultrasonic Assisted ◽  
Hank Solution ◽  
Corrosion Mechanisms ◽  
Co Precipitation

ABSTRACTThe study of corrosion behavior of polyurethane/nanohydroxyapatite hybrid coating in aerated Hank solution at 25 °C by Potentiodinamic and Electrochemical Impedance techniques was realized. The nanohydroxyapatite (nHA) powders were synthesized by ultrasonic assisted co-precipitation wet chemical method and then mixed with pure polyurethane (PU) during the polymerization. Results were supported by SEM morphologic characterization. Results showed that good corrosion resistance of hybrid coating, showing small corrosion product layer formation. Corrosion mechanisms are affected by an increasing of polarization resistance, promoting decreasing in the corrosion rates. Diffusion of ionic species was the governing mechanism in the corrosion behavior of polyurethane/nanohydroxyapatite hybrid coating.

Simulation of The State of Carbon Steel n Years After Disposal with n Years of Corrosion Product on its Surface in a Bentonite Environment

1994 ◽  
Vol 353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoichi Kojima ◽  
Toshinobu Hioki ◽  
Shigeo Tsujikawa
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Corrosion Product ◽  
Corrosion Behavior ◽  
Steel Corrosion ◽  
Product Layer ◽  
The State ◽  
Corrosion Product Layer ◽  
Time Frames

AbstractThe use of bentonite as buffer and carbon steel as overpack material for the geological disposal of nuclear waste is under investigation. To better assess the long term integrity of the carbon steel overpack, a quantitative analysis of the corrosion behavior on the steel surface for time frames beyond that of feasible empirical determination is required. The state n years after disposal, consisting of Carbon Steel / Corrosion Products + Bentonite / Water, was simulated and the corrosion behavior of the carbon steel in this state investigated. The following facts became apparent. Both the corrosion rate and the non-uniformity of it increased with increase in the corrosion product content in the compacted bentonite. When the corrosion product layer was formed between the carbon steel and the bentonite, it ennobled the corrosion potential and increased the corrosion rate.

One-Dimensional Porous Electrode Model for Predicting the Corrosion Rate under a Conductive Corrosion Product Layer

2017 ◽  
Vol 164 (11) ◽  
pp. E3372-E3385
Author(s):  
Maalek Mohamed-Said ◽  
Bruno Vuillemin ◽  
Roland Oltra ◽  
Laurent Trenty ◽  
Didier Crusset
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Corrosion Product ◽  
Porous Electrode ◽  
Product Layer ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Corrosion Product Layer ◽  
Porous Electrode Model

A Case Study on Inner Corrosion of 3%Cr Casing Steel in the CO2 Environments

2017 ◽  
Vol 872 ◽  
pp. 38-42
Author(s):  
Lin Xu ◽  
Si Yang Li ◽  
Ming Biao Xu
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Corrosion Product ◽  
Product Layer ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Corrosion Property ◽  
Economic Exploitation ◽  
Corrosion Reaction ◽  
Corrosion Product Layer ◽  
Corrosion Behaviors

Understanding inner corrosion property of casing steel is fundamental to safe and economic exploitation of oil & gas. In this present work, a series of corrosion tests were conducted on 3%Cr coupons derived from 9-5/8” casing. Analyses of weight loss, product morphology and composition were carried out, to investigate the corrosion behaviors caused by sweet CO2. Analysis on the weight loss showed that, with an increment of temperature from 45°C to 105°C, the corrosion rate of 3%Cr coupon firstly ascends and then arrives to the maximum at 65°C. SEM analysis demonstrated the formation of a compact corrosion product layer on the specimen surface. While increasing the exposed time increases, the corrosion rate gradually descends. The main compositions of corrosion product are Fe-Cr and Cr5O12, which can effective hinder corrosion reaction in the CO2 environment.

scholarly journals Formation of Iron Sulfides on Carbon Steel in a Specific Cement Grout Designed for Radioactive Waste Repository and Associated Corrosion Mechanisms

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 3563
Author(s):  
Mathieu Robineau ◽  
Valérie Deydier ◽  
Didier Crusset ◽  
Alexandre Bellefleur ◽  
Delphine Neff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Radioactive Waste ◽  
Corrosion Product ◽  
Product Layer ◽  
Cement Grout ◽  
Radioactive Waste Disposal ◽  
Sulfide Concentration ◽  
Iron Sulfides ◽  
Corrosion Mechanisms ◽  
A Minor

Carbon steel coupons were buried in a specific low-pH cement grout designed for radioactive waste disposal and left 6 months in anoxic conditions at 80 °C. The corrosion product layers were analyzed by µ-Raman spectroscopy, XRD, and SEM. They proved to be mainly composed of iron sulfides, with magnetite as a minor phase, mixed with components of the grout. Average corrosion rates were estimated by weight loss measurements between 3 and 6 µm yr−1. Corrosion profiles revealed local degradations with a depth up to 10 µm. It is assumed that the heterogeneity of the corrosion product layer, mainly composed of conductive compounds (FeS, Fe3S4, and Fe3O4), promotes the persistence of corrosion cells that may lead to locally aggravated degradations of the metal. New cement grouts, characterized by a slightly higher pH and a lower sulfide concentration, should then be designed for the considered application.

The Corrosion of Carbon Steel and Stainless Steel in Simulated Geothermal Media

1985 ◽  
Vol 38 (8) ◽  
pp. 1133 ◽  
Author(s):  
BG Pound ◽  
MH Abdurrahman ◽  
MP Glucina ◽  
GA Wright ◽  
RM Sharp
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Polarization Resistance ◽  
Iron Sulfide ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Passive Films ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Corrosion Rates ◽  
Good Agreement

The corrosion rates of low-carbon steel, and 304, 316 and 410/420 stainless steels in simulated geothermal media containing hydrogen sulfide have been measured by means of the polarization resistance technique. Good agreement was found between weight-loss and polarization resistance measurements of the corrosion rate for all the metals tested. Carbon steel formed a non-adherent film of mackinawite (Fe1 + xS). The lack of protection afforded to the steel by the film resulted in an approximately constant corrosion rate. The stainless steels also exhibited corrosion rates that were independent of time. However, the 410 and 420 alloys formed an adherent film consisting mainly of troilite ( FeS ) which provided only limited passivity. In contrast, the 304 and 316 alloys appeared to be essentially protected by a passive film which did not seem to involve an iron sulfide phase. However, all the stainless steels, particularly the 410 and 420 alloys, showed pitting, which indicated that some breakdown of the passive films occurred.

Corrosion Tests of Zircaloy Hull Waste to Confirm Applicability of Corrosion Model and to Evaluate Influence Factors on Corrosion Rate under Geological Disposal Conditions

2014 ◽  
Vol 1665 ◽  
pp. 195-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osamu Kato ◽  
Hiromi Tanabe ◽  
Tomofumi Sakuragi ◽  
Tsutomu Nishimura ◽  
Tsuyoshi Tateishi
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Corrosion Behavior ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Influence Factors ◽  
Spent Fuel ◽  
Geological Disposal ◽  
Corrosion Tests ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Corrosion Rates ◽  
Temperature Ranges

ABSTRACTCorrosion behavior is a key issue in the assessment of disposal performance for activated waste such as spent fuel assemblies (i.e., hulls and end-pieces) because corrosion is expected to initiate radionuclide (e.g., C-14) leaching from such waste. Because the anticipated corrosion rate is extremely low, understanding and modeling Zircaloy (Zry) corrosion behavior under geological disposal conditions is important in predicting very long-term corrosion. Corrosion models applicable in the higher temperature ranges of nuclear reactors have been proposed based on considerable testing in the 523−633 K temperature range.In this study, corrosion tests were carried out to confirm the applicability of such existing models to the low temperature range of geological disposal, and to examine the influence of material, environmental, and other factors on corrosion rates under geological disposal conditions. A characterization analysis of the generated oxide film was also performed.To confirm applicability, the corrosion rate of Zry-4 in pure water with a temperature change from 303 K to 433 K was obtained using a hydrogen measuring technique, giving a corrosion rate for 180 days of 8 × 10-3 μm/y at 303 K.To investigate the influence of various factors, corrosion tests were carried out. The corrosion rates for Zry-2 and Zry-4 were almost same, and increased with a temperature increase from 303 K to 353 K. The influence of pH (12.5) compared with pure water was about 1.4 at 180 days at 303 K.

scholarly journals Effects of tungsten, chromium and zirconium on the corrosion behavior of ternary amorphous W–Cr–Zr alloys in 1 M NaOh solution

1970 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 39-43
Author(s):  
Basu Ram Aryal ◽  
Jagadeesh Bhattarai
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Open Circuit Potential ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Corrosion Rates ◽  
Corrosion Resistance Property ◽  
Naoh Solution ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Sputter Deposited ◽  
Zr Alloys

Simultaneous additions of tungsten, chromium and zirconium in the chromium- and zirconium-enriched sputter-deposited binary W-xCr and W-yZr are effective to improve the corrosion resistance property of the ternary amorphous W- xCr-yZr alloys after immersion for 240 h in 1 M NaOH solution open to air at 25°C. The corrosion rates of all the examined sputter-deposited (10-57)W-(18-42)Cr-(25-73)Zr alloys is higher than those of alloy-constituting elements (that is, tungsten, chromium and zirconium) in aggressive 1 M NaOH solution open to air at 25°C. The corrosion rates of all the examined sputter−deposited W–xCr–yZr alloys containing 10-57 at% tungsten, 18-42 at% chromium and 25-73 at% zirconium were in the range of 1.5-2.5 × 10−3 mm/y or lower which are more than two orders of magnitude lower than that of sputter-deposited tungsten and even about one order of magnitude lower than those of the sputter-deposited zirconium in 1 M NaOH solution. Keywords: Ternary W–Cr–Zr alloys; Amorphous; Corrosion rate; Open circuit potential; 1 M NaOH. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/sw.v9i9.5516 SW 2011; 9(9): 39-43

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