scholarly journals CO<sub>2</sub> Top-of-line-corrosion; assessing the role of acetic acid on general and pitting corrosion

CORROSION ◽  
10.5006/3569 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARIANA FOLENA ◽  
Richard Barker ◽  
Frederick Pessu ◽  
JOSE ANTONIO PONCIANO GOMES ◽  
Anne Neville
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Localized Corrosion ◽  
General Corrosion ◽  
Water Condensation ◽  
Aqueous Environments ◽  
Oilfield Brines

Based on a review of both literature and field data, it is apparent that the role of acetic acid (HAc) in oilfield brines is both extremely complex and somewhat controversial. Although it is commonly believed that the presence of this organic compound enhances both the general and the localized corrosion rate of carbon steel, HAc has recently been reported to also act as a weak general corrosion inhibitor in specific aqueous environments. These observations prompted a study into whether such behavior is apparent in a CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; top-of-line corrosion (TLC) scenario i.e. when HAc dissolves into condensed water which forms on the upper internal wall of carbon steel pipelines during wet-gas stratified flow. Four different water condensation rates/temperature TLC conditions were selected to investigate the role of HAc on both the kinetics and mechanism of carbon steel dissolution. A miniature three-electrode setup was developed to characterize the real-time TLC response through the implementation of electrochemical measurements. Surface analysis techniques (microscopy and profilometry) were also performed to complement the electrochemical results. Collective consideration of the corrosion response and condensate chemistry indicates that similar effects were observed compared to those reported in the literature for bulk aqueous environments, in that the introduction of HAc can result in either accentuation or a minimal/inhibitive effect on general corrosion depending upon the operating conditions. The minimal/inhibitive effects of HAc were apparent at a surface temperature of 20.5&lt;sup&gt;o&lt;/sup&gt;C and water condensation rate of 0.5ml/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;.s as no significant increase in corrosion was observed despite a significant reduction in condensate pH being generated due to the presence of HAc. X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy analysis of the inhibited steel specimen in the presence of HAc revealed the presence of iron acetate on the steel surface which may have been at least partially responsible for the observed inhibitive effect. Extended duration experiments over 96h revealed that both general and localized corrosion are not significantly affected by HAc addition at low temperature whilst the level of degradation increases at higher surface temperature over longer periods.

The role of acetic acid in FeCO3 scale deposition on CO2 corrosion of API X65 carbon steel under high temperatures

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Bernardo Augusto Farah Santos ◽  
Rhuan Costa Souza ◽  
Maria Eduarda Dias Serenario ◽  
Eugenio Pena Mendes Junior ◽  
Thiago Araujo Simões ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Co2 Corrosion ◽  
Scale Deposition

scholarly journals Role of Metallurgy in the Localized Corrosion of Carbon Steel

2018 ◽  
Vol 06 (06) ◽  
pp. 618-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Recep Avci ◽  
Bret H. Davis ◽  
Nathaniel Rieders ◽  
Kilean Lucas ◽  
Manjula Nandasiri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Localized Corrosion

scholarly journals New Insights into Sulfide Inclusions in 1018 Carbon Steels

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 428
Author(s):  
Nathaniel Rieders ◽  
Manjula Nandasiri ◽  
David Mogk ◽  
Recep Avci
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Bulk Composition ◽  
Carbon Steels ◽  
Localized Corrosion ◽  
Galvanic Coupling ◽  
Surface And Bulk Characterization

The role of heterogeneous phases in the localized corrosion of materials is an emerging area of research. This work addresses the detrimental role MnS inclusions play in the localized corrosion of carbon steels. We report the results of surface and bulk characterization of MnS inclusions in 1018 carbon steel, using a high-resolution integrated Auger nanoprobe. It is shown that the surface morphology and composition of the inclusions are highly heterogeneous. MnS inclusions are found to be nonstoichiometric and to contain a highly O-enriched surface layer. Some inclusions are covered with a thin (approximately 5 nm) layer of Cu2S. The bulk composition of “MnS” inclusions is found to include 5–7% Fe and O, and these inclusions are believed to occupy Mn and S positions within the “MnS” lattice. Interfaces between “MnS” and host ferric grains are highly disordered. We hypothesize that pitting initiates and develops at these interfaces through a galvanic coupling between the strained and the unstrained ferrite grains.

scholarly journals Role of Carbon Dioxide on the Corrosion of Carbon Steel Reinforcing Bar in Simulating Concrete Electrolyte

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 0093
Author(s):  
Abdulkareem M.A. AL-Sammarraie
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Weight Percent ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
General Corrosion ◽  
Cyclic Polarization ◽  
Reinforcing Bar ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Concrete Solution

The main factors that make it possible to get the corrosion of reinforcing steel in concrete are chloride ions and the absorption of carbon dioxide from the environment, and each of them works with a mechanism which destroys the stable immunity of rebar in the concrete. In this work the effect of carbon dioxide content in the artificial concrete solution on the corrosion behavior of carbon steel reinforcing bar (CSRB) was studied, potentiostatically using CO2 stream gas at 6 level of concentrations;  0.03 to 2.0  weight percent, and the effect of rising electrolyte temperature was also followed  in the range 20 to 50ᴼ C. Tafel plots and cyclic polarization procedures were obeyed to investigate the corrosion parameters and pitting susceptibility respectively. The change in the microstructure and morphology of the CSRB after polarization in the simulate concrete solution was studied using optical and atomic force microscopes. The results show that the corrosion rate of the CSRB in artificial concrete greatly increases with the existence of CO2 gas and highly depends on its concentration in the range 0.03 to 2.0% .No sign for pitting corrosion is recorded at all CO2 concentrations and the general corrosion is the main problem in the conditions under consideration.  

An Empirical Model to Determine the Modes of Corrosion of Carbon Steel Under Near Field Environments of Geological Disposal

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshikatsu Maeda ◽  
Masatoshi Watanabe ◽  
Seiji Takeda ◽  
Shinichi Nakayama
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Empirical Model ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Chloride Ion ◽  
Absolute Temperature ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Localized Corrosion ◽  
Limiting Current ◽  
General Corrosion

Carbon steel is an alloy that can be passivated and be attacked by localized corrosion under certain water chemistries. For example, it is known that carbon steel is passivated in solutions above pHd; the pH at general corrosion/passivation transition. In this study, an empirical model was developed to determine whether near field environments fall in the passivation or non-passivation domain for carbon steel. Using the experimental data obtained by previous studies, the pHd was defined as a function of four factors, where the activity of proton ion ([H+]) for pHd is assumed to be a linear combination of the logarithms of the total carbonate concentration ([C]), the chloride ion concentration ([Cl−]), the limiting current density of dissolved oxygen diffusion (iO2), and the inverse of absolute temperature of contacting solution (T). The derived equation fitted well with experimental data from previous studies.

Role of SOD in the protection of Rhizophora mangle on gastric injury induced by ethanol, ischaemia-reperfusion and acetic acid in rats

Planta Medica ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 75 (09) ◽  
Author(s):  
FM de-Faria ◽  
A Luiz-Ferreira ◽  
ACA Almeida ◽  
V Barbastefano ◽  
MA Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Rhizophora Mangle ◽  
Gastric Injury ◽  
Ischaemia Reperfusion
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