Hydrogen Embrittlement Behavior of the Amorphous Alloy Fe32Ni36Cr14P12B6

CORROSION ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 38 (9) ◽  
pp. 464-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. S. Tong ◽  
J. E. Macur
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Embrittlement ◽  
Amorphous Alloy ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Fracture Stress ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Fracture Morphology ◽  
Extension Rate ◽  
H2so4 Solution ◽  
Hydrogen Charging ◽  
A Current

Abstract Room temperature hydrogen embrittlement behavior of the amorphous alloy Fe32Ni36Cr14P12B6 was studied under various conditions. Hydrogen charging was performed in a 1N H2SO4 solution at a current density of 10 mA/cm2 and hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility was determined using the constant extension rate technique at an extension rate of 5.0×10−4 cm/S. The fracture stress decreased significantly on the hydrogenized specimen. However, recovery of this fracture stress was observed as a function of degassing time at room temperature. The fracture morphology of the specimens with/without hydrogen charging was also studied.

Formation of Buried Sio2 By High Dose Implantation of Oxygen at Room and Liquid Nitroeen Temperatures

1985 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Namavar ◽  
J. I. Budnick ◽  
F. H. Sanchez ◽  
H. C. Hayden
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Nitrogen ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Rutherford Backscattering ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Crystalline Quartz ◽  
Oxygen Ions ◽  
High Dose Implantation ◽  
A Current

ABSTRACTWe have carried out a study to understand the mechanisms involved in the formation of buried SIO2 by high dose implantation of oxygen into Si targets. Oxygen ions were implanted at 150 keV with doses up to 2.5 X 1018 ions/cm2 and a current density of less than 10 μA/cm2 into Si 〈100〉 at room and liquid nitrogen temperatures. In-situ Rutherford backscattering (RBS) analysis clearly indicates the formation of uniform buried SIO2 for both room and liquid nitrogen temperatures for doses above 1.5 X 1018/cm2.Oxygen ions were implanted at room temperature into crystalline quartz to doses of about 1018 ions cm2 at 150 keV, with a current density of 〈10〉10 μA/cm2. The RBS spectra of the oxygen implanted quartz cannot be distinguished from those of unimplanted ones. Furthermore, Si ions were implanted into crystalline quartz at 80 keV and dose of 1 X 1017 Si/cm2, and a current aensity of about 1 μA/cm2. However, no signal from Si in excess of the SiO2 ratio could be observed. Our results obtained by RBS show that implantation of either Si+ or O into SiO2 under conditions stated above does not create a layer whose Si:O ratio differs measurably from that of SiO2.

Permeation of Electrolytically Generated Hydrogen and Tritium Atoms through Lead

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (14) ◽  
pp. 2406-2411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bansi L. Muju ◽  
Frank R. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Current Density ◽  
Separation Factor ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Alkaline Media ◽  
Gas Evolution ◽  
Hydrogen Atoms ◽  
Metal Lattice ◽  
Acidic And Alkaline Media ◽  
A Current ◽  
Lead Foil

Radiochemical and electrochemical evidence is presented that electrochemically generated tritium and hydrogen atoms permeate through lead foil at measureable rates at room temperature. The permeation process is controlled by diffusion through the metal lattice, Fick's First Law being obeyed by both H and 3H atoms. Using earlier measurements of the diffusivity of H in Pb, H and 3H concentrations of 4 × 10−7 and 9 × 10−13 g-atom cm−3 are computed for a current density of 53 mA cm−2 at the Pb cathode surface.The overall hydrogen-tritium separation factor, ST is apparently 0.3 ± 0.15, in contrast to Bockris and Srinivasan's 6.7 and 7.2 for cathodic gas evolution from acidic and alkaline media, respectively. Reasons are suggested for this large difference.

Silicon Carbide Vertical JFET Operating at High Temperature

2008 ◽  
Vol 600-603 ◽  
pp. 1063-1066 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantin Vassilevski ◽  
Keith P. Hilton ◽  
Nicolas G. Wright ◽  
Michael J. Uren ◽  
A.G. Munday ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silicon Carbide ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Temperature Dependence ◽  
Power Law ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Electron Mobility ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Protective Atmosphere ◽  
State Resistance ◽  
A Current

Trenched and implanted vertical JFETs (TI-VJFETs) with blocking voltages of 700 V were fabricated on commercial 4H-SiC epitaxial wafers. Vertical p+-n junctions were formed by aluminium implantation in sidewalls of strip-like mesa structures. Normally-on 4H-SiC TI-VJFETs had specific on-state resistance (RO-S ) of 8 mW×cm2 measured at room temperature. These devices operated reversibly at a current density of 100 A/cm2 whilst placed on a hot stage at temperature of 500 °C and without any protective atmosphere. The change of RO-S with temperature rising from 20 to 500 °C followed a power law (~ T 2.4) which is close to the temperature dependence of electron mobility in 4H-SiC.

An advanced and highly efficient Ce assisted NiFe-LDH electrocatalyst for overall water splitting

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 312-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harsharaj S. Jadhav ◽  
Animesh Roy ◽  
Bezawit Z. Desalegan ◽  
Jeong Gil Seo
Keyword(s):  
Water Splitting ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Cell Voltage ◽  
Highly Efficient ◽  
Overall Water Splitting ◽  
A Cell ◽  
A Current

A room-temperature synthesized NiFeCe2 electrocatalyst delivered a current density of 10 mA cm−2 at a cell voltage of 1.59 V when used as the electrolyzer.

scholarly journals Flexible, solid-state, ion-conducting membrane with 3D garnet nanofiber networks for lithium batteries

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (26) ◽  
pp. 7094-7099 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kun (Kelvin) Fu ◽  
Yunhui Gong ◽  
Jiaqi Dai ◽  
Amy Gong ◽  
Xiaogang Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Specific Capacity ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Hydrogen Electrode ◽  
Ion Conductor ◽  
Structural Reinforcement ◽  
Ion Conducting ◽  
A Current

Beyond state-of-the-art lithium-ion battery (LIB) technology with metallic lithium anodes to replace conventional ion intercalation anode materials is highly desirable because of lithium’s highest specific capacity (3,860 mA/g) and lowest negative electrochemical potential (∼3.040 V vs. the standard hydrogen electrode). In this work, we report for the first time, to our knowledge, a 3D lithium-ion–conducting ceramic network based on garnet-type Li6.4La3Zr2Al0.2O12 (LLZO) lithium-ion conductor to provide continuous Li+ transfer channels in a polyethylene oxide (PEO)-based composite. This composite structure further provides structural reinforcement to enhance the mechanical properties of the polymer matrix. The flexible solid-state electrolyte composite membrane exhibited an ionic conductivity of 2.5 × 10−4 S/cm at room temperature. The membrane can effectively block dendrites in a symmetric Li | electrolyte | Li cell during repeated lithium stripping/plating at room temperature, with a current density of 0.2 mA/cm2 for around 500 h and a current density of 0.5 mA/cm2 for over 300 h. These results provide an all solid ion-conducting membrane that can be applied to flexible LIBs and other electrochemical energy storage systems, such as lithium–sulfur batteries.

Effect of Plastic Deformation on Hydrogen Embrittlement Sensitivity and Strength of 2.25Cr1Mo0.25V Steel by Synchronous Hydrogen Charging

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Li ◽  
Yuqi Hu ◽  
Guangxu Cheng ◽  
Zaoxiao Zhang ◽  
Xiaowu Liang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Hydrogen Embrittlement ◽  
Tensile Test ◽  
Experimental Method ◽  
Fracture Morphology ◽  
Hydrogen Charging ◽  
Plate Rolling ◽  
Hydrogenation Reactor ◽  
Micro Morphology

Abstract The hydrogenation reactor is an important equipment in petrochemical industry, and it has been produced by many processes such as plate rolling and welding. It served in high temperature, high pressure in hydrogen environment, and faced the risk of hydrogen embrittlement in the stages of operation and downtime cooling. Moreover, plastic deformation is inevitable in the manufacturing process of hydrogenation reactor, and influence mechanical properties and hydrogen resistance of materials. 2.25Cr1Mo0.25V is widely used in the hydrogenation reactor, so it is important to discuss how the plastic deformation affect hydrogen embrittlement sensitivity. In this paper, the effect of plastic deformation on hydrogen embrittlement sensitivity and strength of 2.25Cr1Mo0.25V steel was investigated by slow strain rate tensile test coupled with electrochemical hydrogen pre-charging and synchronous charging experimental method. The experimental method was better than the common method which performs tensile test after hydrogen charging. Results show that hydrogen embrittlement sensitivity increases with the growth of plastic deformation. When the plastic deformation reached the necking area, the hydrogen embrittlement sensitivity decreases with the growth of plastic deformation. In addition, hydrogen significantly reduced the breaking strength of this steel, while the plastic deformation only increased the yield strength of this steel. The fracture morphology of tensile specimens indicated that the hydrogen embrittlement caused by electrochemical charging was very obvious, and the trend of hydrogen embrittlement degree of the fracture was basically consistent with the result of mechanical experiment. The mechanical properties and fracture micro-morphology of specimens without hydrogen and specimens with electrochemically irreversible hydrogen were compared, it can be obtained that the effect of electrochemically irreversible hydrogen on mechanical properties was negligible.

scholarly journals The Effects of Electrochemical Hydrogen Charging on Room-Temperature Tensile Properties of T92/TP316H Dissimilar Weldments in Quenched-and-Tempered and Thermally-Aged Conditions

Metals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 864 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Ševc ◽  
Ladislav Falat ◽  
Lucia Čiripová ◽  
Miroslav Džupon ◽  
Marek Vojtko
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Embrittlement ◽  
Weld Metal ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Thermal Aging ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Plastic Properties ◽  
Hydrogen Charging ◽  
Material State

The influence of isothermal aging at 620 °C in combination with subsequent electrochemical hydrogen charging at room-temperature was studied on quenched-and-tempered T92/TP316H martensitic/austenitic weldments in terms of their room-temperature tensile properties and fracture behavior. Hydrogen charging of the weldments did not significantly affect their strength properties; however, it resulted in considerable deterioration of their plastic properties along with significant impact on their fracture characteristics and failure localization. The hydrogen embrittlement plays a dominant role in degradation of the plastic properties of the weldments already in their initial material state, i.e., before thermal aging. After thermal aging and subsequent hydrogen charging, mutual superposition of thermal and hydrogen embrittlement phenomena had led to clearly observable effects on the welds deformation and fracture processes. The measure of hydrogen embrittlement was clearly lowered for thermally aged material state, since the contribution of thermal embrittlement to overall degradation of the weldments has dominated. The majority of failures of the weldments after hydrogen charging occurred in the vicinity of T92 BM/Ni weld metal (WM) fusion zone; mostly along the Type-II boundary in Ni-based weld metal. Thus, regardless of aging exposure, the most critical failure regions of the investigated weldments after hydrogen charging and tensile straining at room temperature are the T92 BM/Ni WM fusion boundary and Type-II boundary acting like preferential microstructural sites for hydrogen embrittling effects accumulation.

Electrochemical hydrogen permeation tests under galvanostatic hydrogen charging conditions conventionally used for hydrogen embrittlement study

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 103-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eiji Akiyama ◽  
Songjie Li
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Embrittlement ◽  
Hydrogen Content ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Hydrogen Permeation ◽  
Ammonium Thiocyanate ◽  
Cathodic Current Density ◽  
Cathodic Current ◽  
Hydrogen Charging ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Naoh Solution

AbstractElectrochemical hydrogen permeation tests using pure Fe sheet specimens were performed under various galvanostatic hydrogen charging conditions commonly applied to tensile test specimens used for evaluation of hydrogen embrittlement property to obtain a guideline for efficient hydrogen charging method for a wide range of hydrogen content. Aqueous NaCl solutions containing varied concentrations of ammonium thiocyanate and a 0.1-m NaOH solution were used as electrolytes for relatively high and low hydrogen content, respectively. Addition of ammonium thiocyanate changes the mechanism of hydrogen evolution reaction and enhances hydrogen entry. By changing the concentration of ammonium thiocyanate and by changing cathodic current density, a wide range of hydrogen content can be covered. The hydrogen content in an AISI 4135 steel estimated from hydrogen permeation current density obtained for a pure Fe specimen was in good agreement with the hydrogen content experimentally measured by hydrogen thermal desorption analysis for the AISI 4135 steel. The hydrogen permeation current density data in various hydrogen charging conditions can be used as a reference for hydrogen charging of specimens.

scholarly journals Magnetic and electrochemical properties of nickel oxide microstructures prepared by hydrothermal method

2021 ◽  
Vol 2145 (1) ◽  
pp. 012033
Author(s):  
N Boonraksa ◽  
S Maensiri ◽  
E Swatsitang ◽  
K Wongsaprom
Keyword(s):  
Nickel Oxide ◽  
Hydrothermal Method ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Secondary Phases ◽  
Galvanostatic Charge ◽  
Electrochemical Capacitance ◽  
Ferromagnetic Behaviour ◽  
Structure Morphology ◽  
A Current

Abstract Nickel oxide microstructures were succesfully synthesized by hydrothermal method. The structure, morphology, surface and porosity of the NiO hexagonal plates indicated the formation of NiO without appearing any secondary phases, occupying the typical cubic structure. The ferromagnetic behaviour was examined by vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The sample exhibited ferromagnetic behaviour at room-temperature with the magnetic moment value of ~ 160 memu/g. The cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD) anylysis were used to examine the electrochemical capacitance of the sample. The specific capacitance of the sample at a current density of 1 A/g was obtained to be 174.14 F/g. The cycle stability was excellent usability 76.6% after 500 cycles at a current density of 5 A/g.

Liquid Phase Electroepitaxial (LPEE) Growth of GaSb and GaInAsSb

1989 ◽  
Vol 160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanthi N. Iyer ◽  
Ali Abul-Fadl ◽  
Albert T. Macrander ◽  
Jonathan H.Lewis ◽  
Ward J. Collis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Composition Range ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Room Temperature Photoluminescence ◽  
A Current

AbstractLiquid phase electroepitaxial technique has been used for the growth of GaSb and GalnAsSb in the composition range corresponding to peak band gap wavelengths of 1.7-2.28μm. The growth rate of these layers were examined as a function of current density. The growth rates of these layers are typically 0.8μm/min. at a current density of 10A/cm2. The quality of the layers was evaluated by x-ray diffraction and room temperature photoluminescence.

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