Conjoint Action of CO2 Corrosion and Reciprocating Sliding Wear on Plain Carbon Steel Part II — Electrochemical Studies

CORROSION ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 48 (12) ◽  
pp. 1027-1031 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Hedayat ◽  
J. Postlethwaite ◽  
S. Yannacopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Corrosion Inhibitor ◽  
Contact Pressure ◽  
Sliding Wear ◽  
Plain Carbon Steel ◽  
Sliding Contact ◽  
Metal Loss ◽  
Co2 Corrosion ◽  
Corrosion Rates

Abstract The presence of sliding contact between metals in a corrosive medium significantly affects the metal loss rate of the surfaces in contact. In this study, corrosion tests were carried out on plain carbon steel undergoing sliding wear in CO2 saturated 3%NaCl solution with and without an amine corrosion inhibitor. Corrosion rates of the sliding surfaces were estimated using the polarization resistance technique. Sliding wear tests were carried out using steel specimens sliding against each other and steel specimens sliding against corundum specimens both continuously and intermittently. The corrosion rates of the specimens increased with the increase in contact pressure in the presence and absence of the corrosion inhibitor. The inhibitor decreased the corrosion rates for all of the specimens throughout the range of applied contact pressure. The corrosion rates of the specimens subjected to continuous sliding contact were higher than those undergoing intermittent sliding contact. The wear rate of a continuously sliding specimen in the absence of corrosion was determined by the application of cathodic protection and compared to the corrosion rate and the corrosion wear rate under the same loading conditions. The relative contributions of corrosion and wear to the overall metal loss are discussed.

Role of Asphaltenes in Inhibiting Corrosion and Altering the Wettability of the Steel Surface

CORROSION ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 67 (10) ◽  
pp. 105006-105006-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Ajmera ◽  
W. Robbins ◽  
S. Richter ◽  
S. Nešić
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Steel Surface ◽  
Protective Layer ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Co2 Corrosion ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Internal Corrosion ◽  
Corrosion Rates ◽  
Mechanism Of Inhibition ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

Abstract Asphaltenes (heptane insolubles) from a variety of crude oils have been identified previously as contributors to inhibition of internal corrosion of mild steel pipelines. However, the mechanism of inhibition is unknown. To explore the mechanism, carbon dioxide (CO2) corrosion rates and wettability (oil/water contact angles) have been measured using Arab Heavy crude oil and its asphaltenes. Inhibition of CO2 corrosion rates for carbon steel was measured using electrochemical methods in a glass cell; wettability was assessed using contact angle measurements in a multiphase goniometer. The phase behavior of asphaltenes in corrosion and wetting was evaluated in the crude, toluene (C7H8), or heptol (70:30 mixture of heptane [C7H16] and toluene). Inhibition on steel exposed to a hydrocarbon phase increased with the concentration of asphaltenes in toluene. Inhibition by asphaltenes dissolved in toluene appears to be more effective than in the whole crude, at equivalent concentrations of asphaltenes. At 5 wt% in toluene, asphaltenes form a strong protective layer on the carbon steel surface, which reduces the corrosion rate and makes the surface hydrophobic. When the solubility of the oil is altered to the point where asphaltenes start to flocculate, it enhances the corrosion inhibition greatly. However, the inhibition is not as persistent as for the fully dissolved asphaltenes, and the surface needs to be periodically wetted with the oil phase to maintain the protection.

Velocity Guidelines for Avoiding Erosion-Corrosion Damage in Sweet Production With Sand

1998 ◽  
Vol 120 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Shadley ◽  
E. F. Rybicki ◽  
S. A. Shirazi ◽  
E. Dayalan
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Corrosion Damage ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Metal Loss ◽  
Co2 Corrosion ◽  
Oil And Gas Production ◽  
Erosion Corrosion ◽  
Steel Piping ◽  
Loss Rates

CO2 corrosion in carbon steel piping systems can be severe depending on a number of factors including CO2 content, water chemistry, temperature, and percent water cut. For many oil and gas production conditions, corrosion products can form a protective scale on interior surfaces of the piping. In these situations, metal loss rates can reduce to below design allowances. But, if sand is entrained in the flow, sand particles impinging on pipe surfaces can remove the scale or prevent it from forming at localized areas of particle impingement. This process is referred to as “erosion-corrosion” and can lead to high metal loss rates. In some cases, penetration rates can be extremely high due to pitting. This paper combines laboratory test data on erosion-corrosion with an erosion prediction computational model to compute flow velocity limits (“threshold velocities”) for avoiding erosion-corrosion in carbon steel piping. Also discussed is how threshold velocities can be shifted upward by using a corrosion inhibitor.

Study of Chemical Factors Affecting Corrosion of Carbon Steel AISI 1020 By Liquid-Phase Fuming Nitric Acid

CORROSION ◽  
1959 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 41-46
Author(s):  
JOHN B. RITTENHOUSE ◽  
DAVID M. MASON
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Metal Removal ◽  
Weight Percent ◽  
Plain Carbon Steel ◽  
Corrosion Rates ◽  
Nitrogen Pentoxide ◽  
Steel Aisi ◽  
Fuming Nitric Acid ◽  
Short Time

Abstract Corrosion rates of cold reduced and annealed plain carbon steel AISI 1020 tubing in fuming nitric acid (FNA) were obtained by measuring the change in electrical resistance of the tube with time. Corrosion rates decreased with increasing nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentration in FNA in the range 0 to 14 weight percent and also decreased with increasing H2O content in the range 0 to 3.5 weight percent. This behavior indicates the possibility that nitronium ion (NO2+) or nitrogen pentoxide (N2O5) are involved in the rate-controlling step in the corrosion process. Tentative or short-time passivation of the steel was obtained when the NO2 concentration was greater than about 9 weight percent and H2O concentration was 3.5 weight percent at the upper concentration range studied. Short-time passivation was also obtained when an oxide film formed under appropriate conditions was initially present on the specimen surface. Inhibition in the FNA media occurred only in those cases where the maximum rate of metal removal was less than 0.025 mil/min, corresponding to a weight of metal removed of approximately 0.1 mg/cm2 of apparent surface. Adding 1.5 weight percent of either perchloric acid (HClO4) or sulfuric acid (H2SO4), and 0.5 weight percent hydrofluoric acid (HF) produced inhibition in short-time experiments. 4.3.2

COMPARISON OF SLIDING WEAR AND THREE-BODY ABRASIVE WEAR CHARACTERISTICS OF PLAIN CARBON STEEL

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (31) ◽  
pp. 4257-4260
Author(s):  
YONG-SUK KIM ◽  
NARAE YOON ◽  
JONG CHUL KIM
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Abrasive Wear ◽  
Sliding Wear ◽  
Bearing Steel ◽  
Plain Carbon Steel ◽  
Dry Sliding Wear ◽  
Wear Characteristics ◽  
Steel Microstructure ◽  
Three Body ◽  
Wear Tests

Sliding wear and three-body abrasive wear characteristics of plain carbon steel (0.19C-0.72Mn) were compared to understand mechanisms of both wear in the steel. Microstructure of the steel was varied by heat treatments, and effects of microstructure as well as hardness on both wear were investigated. Dry sliding wear tests were carried out at room temperature using a pin-on-disk wear tester against AISI 52100 bearing steel. Three-body abrasive wear tests were performed using a ball-cratering abrasive wear tester employing angular SiC abrasives. The sliding wear proceeded with subsurface deformation and consequent fracture, while micro ploughing and cutting were major mechanisms of the abrasive wear. Hardness alone failed to characterize the sliding wear of the steel. Subsurface strain-hardening and uniform-deformation were principal controlling factors for the sliding wear, while hardness was the factor to control the abrasive wear of the steel under the given test condition.

A Novel Model of Steady-State Sliding Wear with Electrical Current

2011 ◽  
Vol 306-307 ◽  
pp. 782-786
Author(s):  
Zhen Hai Yang ◽  
Yong Zhen Zhang ◽  
Fu Xiao Chen ◽  
Bao Shangguan
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Contact Pressure ◽  
Sliding Wear ◽  
Electrical Current ◽  
Sliding Velocity ◽  
Novel Model

A novel model of steady-state sliding wear with electrical current was created, which gives an accurate relational expression of three factors (electrical current, sliding velocity and contact pressure) and wear rate of the pin material. The experiments were carried out on the couple of QCr0.5 against copper-based powder metallurgical materials. The results show that the model is accurate and it is able to clearly show the influence of electrical current, sliding velocity and contact pressure on wear rate of pin.

scholarly journals The novel iminium surfactant p-benzylidene benzyldodecyl iminium chloride as a corrosion inhibitor for plain carbon steel in 1 M HCl: electrochemical and DFT evaluation

RSC Advances ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (37) ◽  
pp. 23182-23196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheerin Masroor ◽  
Mohd. Mobin ◽  
Mohammad Jane Alam ◽  
Shabbir Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Corrosion Inhibitor ◽  
Plain Carbon Steel ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Hcl Solution

The iminium surfactantp-benzylidene benzyldodecyl iminium chloride was synthesized, characterized and evaluated as a novel corrosion inhibitor for plain carbon steel in 1 M HCl solution at 30, 40, 50 and 60 °C.

The Effect of Rotation and Temperature on the Inhibition Performance of Cashew (Anacardium Occidentale L.) Nut Shell Liquid on Co2 Corrosion of Carbon Steel

2008 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-129
Author(s):  
J. Buchweishaija ◽  
L.L. Mkayala
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Corrosion Inhibitor ◽  
Electrochemical Techniques ◽  
Rotating Disk ◽  
Rotating Disk Electrode ◽  
Co2 Corrosion ◽  
Cashew Nut Shell Liquid ◽  
Dynamic Conditions ◽  
Cashew Nut ◽  
Inhibition Performance

A natural extract of cashew nut shells, Cashew Nut Shell Liquid (CNSL) was investigated as a corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel in 3% NaCl solutions saturated with CO2 gas using electrochemical techniques (i.e. potentiodynamic polarization and ac-impedance). The investigation was performed at different temperatures under static and dynamic conditions using a Rotating Disk Electrode (RDE). It was found that CNSL reduces the electrochemical processes taking place on carbon steel undergoing corrosion. The percentage inhibitorefficiency increases with increase in CNSL concentration and decreases with rise in temperature. Better performance at low CNSL concentration was registered under dynamic conditions and room temperatures. Thus CNSL is a potential corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel undergoing corrosion in CO2 medium.

Influence of copper and molybdenum on dry sliding wear behaviour of sintered plain carbon steel

2013 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 728-736 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.K. Kandavel ◽  
R. Chandramouli ◽  
M. Manoj ◽  
B. Manoj ◽  
Deepak Kumar Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Sliding Wear ◽  
Plain Carbon Steel ◽  
Wear Behaviour ◽  
Dry Sliding Wear ◽  
Dry Sliding ◽  
Sliding Wear Behaviour
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