Significance of Hydrogen Evolution during Cathodic Protection of Carbon Steel in Seawater

CORROSION ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 63 (9) ◽  
pp. 857-865 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Okstad ◽  
Ø. Rannestad ◽  
R. Johnsen ◽  
K. Nisancioglu
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Hydrogen Evolution ◽  
Cathodic Protection

The study of the electrochemical properties of zinc-rich coating on the base of water sodium silicate

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 51-58
Author(s):  
Le Hong Quan ◽  
Nguyen Van Chi ◽  
Mai Van Minh ◽  
Nong Quoc Quang ◽  
Dong Van Kien
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Electrochemical Properties ◽  
Sodium Silicate ◽  
Cathodic Protection ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Steel Substrate ◽  
Electrical Contact ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance Spectra ◽  
Pure Zinc ◽  
Electric Circuits

The study examines the electrochemical properties of a coating based on water sodium silicate and pure zinc dust (ZSC, working title - TTL-VN) using the Electrochemical Impedance Spectra (EIS) with AutoLAB PGSTAT204N. The system consists of three electrodes: Ag/AgCl (SCE) reference electrode in 3 M solution of KCl, auxiliary electrode Pt (8x8 mm) and working electrodes (carbon steel with surface treatment up to Sa 2.5) for determination of corrosion potential (Ecorr) and calculation of equivalent electric circuits used for explanation of impedance measurement results. It was shown that electrochemical method is effective for study of corrosion characteristics of ZSC on steel. We proposed an interpretation of the deterioration over time of the ability of zinc particles in paint to provide cathodic protection for carbon steel. The results show that the value of Ecorr is between -0,9 and -1,1 V / SCE for ten days of diving. This means that there is an electrical contact between the zinc particles, which provides good cathodic protection for the steel substrate and most of the zinc particles were involved in the osmosis process. The good characteristics of the TTL-VN coating during immersion in a 3,5% NaCl solution can also be explained by the preservation of corrosive zinc products in the coating, which allows the creation of random barrier properties.

scholarly journals Detection of Hydrogen Evolution during Tensile Deformation and Fracture in Carbon Steel

2009 ◽  
Vol 50 (11) ◽  
pp. 2532-2540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keitaro Horikawa ◽  
Hiroaki Okada ◽  
Hidetoshi Kobayashi ◽  
Wataru Urushihara
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Hydrogen Evolution ◽  
Tensile Deformation ◽  
Deformation And Fracture

An Evaluation of Hydrogen Evolution from Corrosion of Carbon Steel in Low/Intermediate Level Waste Repositories

1994 ◽  
Vol 353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fumio Matsuda ◽  
Ryutaro Wada ◽  
Kazuo Fujiwara ◽  
Ai Fujiwara
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Hydrogen Evolution ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Intermediate Level ◽  
Evolution Rate ◽  
List Type ◽  
Gas Evolution ◽  
Hydrogen Evolution Rate ◽  
Waste Repositories

AbstractAs a sequence of studies to evaluate the quantity of gas evolution from low/intermediate level waste repositories,hydrogen gas evoluted from corrosion of carbon steel in simulated repository environment was evaluated by laboratory experiments. The experimental results on the hydrogen gas evolution both in air purging condition simulated oxidizing environment and nitrogen purging condition simulated reducing environment, are summarized as follows.(1)Hydrogen gas evolution enough to analyze quantitavely by gas chromatography (>5ppm) has been recognized under almost all test conditions except reducing equilibrium cement water.(2)Effects of purging gas (air,nitrogen) on the hydrogen gas evolution and the corrosion rate calculated from weight loss were air purge > nitrogen purge. On the other hand, the contribution ratio of hydrogen evolution reaction in corrosion rate was nitrogen purge > air purge.(3)Effects of test solution on the hydrogen evolution rate were as fo11ows. • Air Purge :Equilibrium Bentonite Water ≈ Equilibrium Cement Water > Synthetic Sea Watert• N2 Purge:Synthetic Sea Water > Equilibrium Bentonite Water >> Equilibrium Cement Water(4)No distinct effect of crevice geometry of test specimen on hydrogen evolution rate was recognized. Only under the reducing equilibrium cement water, however, the increase of hydrogen evolution was confirmed after the immersion of several hundred hours.(5)Hydrogen evolution rates tended to decrease with testing time except in the reducing equilibrium cement water.(6)No distinct difference of hydrogen evolution rate between steels (SPHC, SPCC) was observed.

Cathodic protection of carbon steel in natural seawater: Effect of sunlight radiation

2009 ◽  
Vol 54 (26) ◽  
pp. 6472-6478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Benedetti ◽  
Luca Magagnin ◽  
Francesca Passaretti ◽  
Elisabetta Chelossi ◽  
Marco Faimali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Cathodic Protection ◽  
Natural Seawater ◽  
Sunlight Radiation

scholarly journals Nanoscale Active Sites for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction on Low Carbon Steel

2019 ◽  
Vol 123 (39) ◽  
pp. 24146-24155 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. C. Yule ◽  
V. Shkirskiy ◽  
J. Aarons ◽  
G. West ◽  
C. L. Bentley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Hydrogen Evolution ◽  
Hydrogen Evolution Reaction ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Low Carbon

scholarly journals Study of the Fe(II-III) hydroxysalts transformation according to the pH and the concentration of the ions present

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 359-369
Author(s):  
Farida Termemil ◽  
Marwa Ahmed-Malek ◽  
Assia Bourouba ◽  
Mohamed-rida Benloucif
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Cathodic Protection ◽  
Iron Hydroxide ◽  
Green Rust ◽  
Corrosion Products ◽  
Water Molecules ◽  
Marine Environments ◽  
Sulphate Reducing Bacteria ◽  
Reducing Bacteria ◽  
Ordinary Steel

Sulphated green rust, GR (SO4 2- ), is one of the main corrosion products of carbon steel in marine environments. It is Fe (II)-Fe(III) hydroxylsalt in sheets, consisting of alternating layers of iron-hydroxide type Fe(OH)2 , loaded positively due to the presence of the cations Fe(III) and negative interlayers consisting of anions and water molecules. This compound is strongly associated with the metabolism of sulphate-reducing bacteria, and can also evolve under cathodic protection. Thus, recently, GR (CO3 2- ) has been detected in place of GR (SO4 2- ) on already corroded ordinary steel, newly subjected to cathodic protection. This presence is due to the pH and[SO4 2−] [HCO3 − ⁄ ] conditions imposed by the cathodic protection. In this paper, we chemically synthesize sulfated and carbonate green rust in a chlorinated medium; we then study their respective transformation according to the concentration [SO4 2- ] / [HCO3 - ] ratio and pH. Our results show that from a GR (SO4 2- ), GR (CO3 2- ) is formed from a pH ≥8.2 for [SO4 2- ] / [HCO3 - ] = 12 and without any change in pH for [SO4 2- ] / [HCO3 - ] <12. Whereas from GR (CO3 2- ), GR (SO4 2- ) is formed for [SO4 2- ] / [HCO3 - ] > 1 without any change in pH.

Hydrogen Induced Stress Cracking (HISC) of Stainless Steels Under Cathodic Protection in Seawater: Presentation of a New Test Method

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy Johnsen ◽  
Ba˚rd Nyhus ◽  
Stig Wa¨stberg
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Cathodic Protection ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Stress Cracking ◽  
Induced Stress ◽  
Subsea Pipelines

There has been an increasing trend in the use of stainless steel alloys instead of carbon steel for subsea flowlines and production systems during the last 15 years in the oil industry. Even if this normally is a more robust solution compared to the use of carbon steel insofar as internal corrosion problems are concerned, the use of stainless steels has led to leakage, production shutdown and expensive repair work. The reported failures were associated with hydrogen entrapment resulting from welding and/or external cathodic protection (CP), combined with a certain stress/strain level. Atomic hydrogen entering the alloy can weaken the mechanical strength of the alloy, cause cracks and destroy the integrity of equipment or a system. Such failures attributed to hydrogen induced stress cracking (HISC) are clearly not acceptable from the perspective of safety, environmental hazard and cost. Leading oil and engineering companies and supplier industry have pointed out HISC as one of the major obstacles against safe operation of stainless steel subsea pipelines and production systems. It is important for the oil industry to have design guidelines and reliable test method(s) for qualification and safe utilization of subsea pipelines and components made from the actual stainless steels. This paper describes a test method that has been developed through a Joint Industry Project (JIP) executed by SINTEF and Det Norske Veritas (DNV) with support from leading oil companies and material suppliers. The method has been qualified for use on 13% Cr super martensitic (SMSS) and 22% Cr / 25% Cr duplex stainless steels (DSS/SDSS). The link to DNV-RP-F112 [1] will also be described.

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