Pitting Corrosion of Steam Turbine Blading Steels: The Influence of Chromium Content, Temperature, and Chloride Ion Concentration

CORROSION ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Williams ◽  
H. N. McMurray
Keyword(s):  
Steam Turbine ◽  
Pitting Corrosion ◽  
Chromium Content ◽  
Chloride Ion ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Turbine Blading

Exploration of the effect of chloride ion concentration and temperature on pitting corrosion of carbon steel in saturated Ca(OH) 2 solution

2015 ◽  
Vol 98 ◽  
pp. 708-715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samin Sharifi-Asl ◽  
Feixiong Mao ◽  
Pin Lu ◽  
Bruno Kursten ◽  
Digby D. Macdonald
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Pitting Corrosion ◽  
Chloride Ion ◽  
Ion Concentration

Effect of Inclusion on Pitting Corrosion of X80 Pipeline Steel

2015 ◽  
Vol 1120-1121 ◽  
pp. 999-1002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Jun Lang ◽  
Xian Qiu Huang ◽  
Tao Pang ◽  
Ying Ma ◽  
Peng Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Pitting Corrosion ◽  
Corrosion Potential ◽  
Pipeline Steel ◽  
Chloride Ion ◽  
Steel Sample ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Electrochemical Test ◽  
X80 Pipeline Steel ◽  
Atomic Force

The influence of inclusion on pitting corrosion of X80 pipeline steel was investigated by using electrochemical test and atomic force microscope. The results indicated that corrosion potential of X80 pipeline steel sample with higher grade inclusion was lower, and decreased significantly with chloride ion concentration increasing. Inclusion was not conducive to corrosion resistance of X80 pipeline steel. The way of X80 pipeline steel pitting corrosion was that pit formed at the inclusion dissolution, and grew to pitting. There were less corrosion products near the pit hole, forming a cathode ring.

scholarly journals CO2 Corrosion of Carbon Steel: The Synergy of Chloride Ion Concentration and Temperature on Metal Penetration

CORROSION ◽  
10.5006/3583 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick Pessu ◽  
Richard Barker ◽  
Anne Neville
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Pitting Corrosion ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Chloride Concentration ◽  
Chloride Ion ◽  
Corrosion Products ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Co2 Corrosion ◽  
Passive Alloys ◽  
C 50

This paper investigates the synergy of chloride ion concentration and temperature on the general and pitting corrosion of carbon steel in CO2-saturated environments. Experiments were conducted over 168 h in different concentrations of NaCl brines (1 wt%, 3.5 wt%, and 10 wt%) and temperatures (30°C, 50°C, and 80°C) with the aim of elucidating the combined effect of changes in chloride ion concentration and temperature on overall metal degradation, taking into consideration general and pitting corrosion. This also includes a correlation with the formation and properties of FeCO3 corrosion products. Linear polarization resistance was implemented to monitor the electrochemical responses. Corrosion product characteristics and morphologies were studied through a combination of scanning electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction. Pitting corrosion evaluation was conducted through the application of 3D surface profilometry to study pit geometries such as the depth and diameter. The results show that general and pitting corrosion are strongly correlated to the synergistic effects of changing chloride ion concentration and temperature in carbon steel as a result of their combined influence on ferrite (Fe) dissolution and FeCO3 formation. This represents a paradigm shift from the already established mechanisms on chloride ion and temperature effects on passive alloys such as stainless steel. Increasing chloride ion concentration and temperature up to 10 wt% NaCl and 50°C to 80°C, respectively, is observed to increase the rate of Fe dissolution and formation of semiprotective FeCO3 corrosion products, leading to the increased manifestation and severity of pitting corrosion. The results also show that a “threshold chloride concentration” exists at 30°C, above which there is no significant increase in corrosion rate. However, such “threshold effects” were not observed at higher temperatures evaluated in the range of chloride concentration considered in this study.

An Electrochemical Study Of Pitting Corrosion in Stainless Steels (Part 1—Pit Growth)

CORROSION ◽  
1959 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. D. GREENE ◽  
M. G. FONTANA
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Pitting Corrosion ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Chloride Ion ◽  
Corrosion Current ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Solution Composition ◽  
Current Interruption ◽  
Percent Nickel ◽  
First Time

Abstract By means of a unique artificial pit specimen, pit growth on 18 percent chromium-8 percent nickel stainless steel has been measured and characterized. The effects of solution composition, agitation, atmosphere, corrosion current interruption, chloride ion concentration, and inhibitor additions have been investigated. Pit interaction during pit growth has also been determined. The autocatalytic nature of pitting has been verified, and evidence of ion screening at pit sites has been experimentally observed for the first time. 3.2.2

scholarly journals Stochastic Modeling of the Influence of Environment on Pitting Corrosion Damage of Radioactive-Waste Containers

1994 ◽  
Vol 353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory A. Henshall
Keyword(s):  
Radioactive Waste ◽  
Pitting Corrosion ◽  
Chloride Ion ◽  
Corrosion Damage ◽  
Absolute Temperature ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Stochastic Parameters ◽  
Physically Based ◽  
High Level ◽  
Pit Initiation

AbstractA physically-based, phenomenological stochastic model for pit initiation and growth is presented as a potential tool for predicting the degradation of high-level radioactive-waste containers by aqueous pitting corrosion. Included in the model are simple phenomenological equations describing the dependence of the controlling stochastic parameters on the applied (or corrosion) potential, chloride ion concentration, and absolute temperature. Results from this model are presented that demonstrate its ability to simulate several important environmental effects on pitting.

Copper Tube Pitting Corrosion Product and Evaluation of Influence of Chloride Ion Concentration in Hot Water Environment

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 83-89
Author(s):  
Takeshi Daikuhara ◽  
Yasushiro Gomi ◽  
Naoto Nakazato ◽  
Masahiro Sakai
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Product ◽  
Pitting Corrosion ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Chloride Ion ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Copper Tube

scholarly journals First Attempts of the Use of 195Pt NMR of Phenylbenzothiazole Complexes as Spectroscopic Technique for the Cancer Diagnosis

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (21) ◽  
pp. 3970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruna T. L. Pereira ◽  
Mateus A. Gonçalves ◽  
Daiana T. Mancini ◽  
Kamil Kuca ◽  
Teodorico C. Ramalho
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Density Functional ◽  
Chemical Shifts ◽  
Chloride Ion ◽  
Platinum Complexes ◽  
Dft Method ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Implicit Solvent ◽  
Early Cancer Diagnosis

Platinum complexes have been studied for cancer treatment for several decades. Furthermore, another important platinum characteristic is related to its chemical shifts, in which some studies have shown that the 195Pt chemical shifts are very sensitive to the environment, coordination sphere, and oxidation state. Based on this relevant feature, Pt complexes can be proposed as potential probes for NMR spectroscopy, as the chemical shifts values will be different in different tissues (healthy and damaged) Therefore, in this paper, the main goal was to investigate the behavior of Pt chemical shifts in the different environments. Calculations were carried out in vacuum, implicit solvent, and inside the active site of P13K enzyme, which is related with breast cancer, using the density functional theory (DFT) method. Moreover, the investigation of platinum complexes with a selective moiety can contribute to early cancer diagnosis. Accordingly, the Pt complexes selected for this study presented a selective moiety, the 2-(4′aminophenyl)benzothiazole derivative. More specifically, two Pt complexes were used herein: One containing chlorine ligands and one containing water in place of chlorine. Some studies have shown that platinum complexes coordinated to chlorine atoms may suffer hydrolyses inside the cell due to the low chloride ion concentration. Thus, the same calculations were performed for both complexes. The results showed that both complexes presented different chemical shift values in the different proposed environments. Therefore, this paper shows that platinum complexes can be a potential probe in biological systems, and they should be studied not only for cancer treatment, but also for diagnosis.

scholarly journals Broadband dielectric spectroscopy for monitoring temperature-dependent chloride ion motion in BiOCl plates

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Radoń ◽  
Dariusz Łukowiec ◽  
Patryk Włodarczyk
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Dielectric Spectroscopy ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Chloride Ion ◽  
Ion Source ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy ◽  
Free Chloride ◽  
Structure Rebuilding

AbstractThe dielectric properties and electrical conduction mechanism of bismuth oxychloride (BiOCl) plates synthesized using chloramine-T as the chloride ion source were investigated. Thermally-activated structure rebuilding was monitored using broadband dielectric spectroscopy, which showed that the onset temperature of this process was 283 K. This rebuilding was related to the introduction of free chloride ions into [Bi2O2]2+ layers and their growth, which increased the intensity of the (101) diffraction peak. The electrical conductivity and dielectric permittivity were related to the movement of chloride ions between plates (in the low-frequency region), the interplanar motion of Cl− ions at higher frequencies, vibrations of these ions, and charge carrier hopping at frequencies above 10 kHz. The influence of the free chloride ion concentration on the electrical conductivity was also described. Structure rebuilding was associated with a lower concentration of free chloride ions, which significantly decreased the conductivity. According to the analysis, the BiOCl plate conductivity was related to the movement of Cl− ions, not electrons.

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