Effects of heterogeneous environmental regulation on the control of water pollution discharge

2020 ◽  
Vol 205 ◽  
pp. 208-213
Author(s):  
Hanqing Hu ◽  
Hongmei Cao ◽  
Lili Zhang ◽  
Yu Ma ◽  
Sijian Wu
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Environmental Regulation

Environmental Regulation of Freshwater

2019 ◽  
pp. 417-437
Author(s):  
Dan Tarlock
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
International Law ◽  
Environmental Regulation ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Environmental Flows ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
International Regulation ◽  
Surface Water Bodies

This chapter examines the environmental regulation of freshwater in both developed and developing countries. It first provides a historical background on the evolution of legal systems in developed and developing countries to address water pollution, including the emergence of the construct ‘normative river’, before discussing three water conservation regimes: the regulation of waste discharges into streams and lakes; the establishment of minimum or base flows in streams and levels in lakes; and the protection of wetlands connected to surface water bodies from loss through conversion to non-wetland cultivated or developed land. The basic instruments used in water pollution control are considered, along with national versus international regulation of waste stream discharges, reduction of effluent discharges, the growing recognition of environmental flows in national and international law, and the principle of equitable and reasonable utilization. The chapter concludes with an analysis of trends in the environmental regulation of freshwater.

scholarly journals Can China’s Government-Oriented Environmental Regulation Reduce Water Pollution? Evidence from Water Pollution Intensive Firms

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (19) ◽  
pp. 7841
Author(s):  
Ying She ◽  
Yaobin Liu ◽  
Yangu Deng ◽  
Lei Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Environmental Regulation ◽  
Joint Ventures ◽  
Control Policy ◽  
Investment Policy ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Pollutant Emission ◽  
Environmental Investment ◽  
The Government ◽  
Water Pollutant

China’s environmental regulation regime remains mainly government-oriented, consisting of the government environmental investment policy and the command–control policy. This paper first improves the traditional environment Copeland-Taylor model by including the above two types of government-oriented environment instruments. Then, based on a comprehensive firm-level dataset, we examine the effects of government-oriented environmental instruments on firms’ water pollutant emission abatement in the Yangtze River Economic zone. We find robust evidence of a significant decrease of 2.99% in chemical Oxygen Demand(COD) discharge and of 3.55% in ammonia nitrogen(NH3) discharge of firms in response to the government environmental investment policy, whereas the command–control instrument shows little effect on firms’ water pollutant emission reduction. Our results are robust when using alternative measurements for two types of environmental instruments. Additionally, we also find there exist heterogeneous effects across sub-samples: (1)comparing with large and medium firms, small and micro firms are more liable to be influenced by the two types of government-oriented environmental instruments; (2) the effect of two types of government-oriented environmental instruments is obviously significant in the intensive-water-pollution industry, whereas it is not obvious in clean industry; (3) the effect of government environmental investment is obvious on state-owned enterprises and domestic joint ventures, whereas the command–control policy has effectively reduced the water pollutant discharge for domestic joint ventures and private firms. Finally, this study also presents some future policy implications.

scholarly journals The Dilemma and solution of Water pollution Control from the Perspective of Environmental Regulation

2019 ◽  
Vol 136 ◽  
pp. 06007
Author(s):  
Chu Yijing ◽  
Wang Jue
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Information Asymmetry ◽  
Environmental Regulation ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Regulatory Capture ◽  
Water Pollution Control ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Government

With the development of the economy in China，water pollution problems have become increasingly prominent and have received extensive attention in academic circles. At present,the environmental regulation on water pollution is still confronted with several dilemmas,for instance,the externalities triggered by "race to the bottom" of local governments，the spillover of water pollution governance and the uncertainty of water pollution control. By combing the mechanism of government environmental regulation, we found that the government environmental regulation still faces such major difficulties as the local government departmentalism is difficult to eliminate, the problem of information asymmetry and the regulatory capture are still not, iceable then puts forward that these plights can be effectively solved through implementing the river chief system,improving the social supervision of water pollution control.

Sleeping with an Elephant: The American Influence on Canadian Environmental Regulation

1991 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Hoberg
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
United States ◽  
Public Policy ◽  
Environmental Regulation ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Regulatory Policy ◽  
Toxic Substance ◽  
Media Exposure ◽  
The United States ◽  
Frequent Pattern

ABSTRACTThis article analyzes the American influence on Canadian environmental regulation in order to show the international sources of domestic public policy, especially the manner in which Canadian policy development is influenced by the United States, and the specific dynamics of Canadian regulatory policy. The United States influences Canadian domestic public policy by the export of costs and the export of knowledge. An analysis of major developments in the areas of air pollution, water pollution, pesticides, toxic substance regulation, and environmental impact assessment demonstrates that American influence over Canadian environmental regulation is pervasive. The most frequent pattern is emulation, where value convergence combined with U.S. leadership leads to Canadian borrowing of U.S. policy innovations. This process can be either elite-driven or activist-driven, the latter being characterized by an enlarged scope of conflict, media exposure, and pressure campaigns on policymakers.

Economic models of Environment monitoring under imperfect information and high Costs

2014 ◽  
pp. 99-122
Author(s):  
M. Levin ◽  
K. Matrosova
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Monitoring ◽  
Environmental Regulation ◽  
Environmental Economics ◽  
Imperfect Information ◽  
Central Element ◽  
Economic Models ◽  
Environment Monitoring ◽  
Nature Protection ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Effective System

The paper considers monitoring of environmental change as the central element of environmental regulation. Monitoring, as each kind of principalagent relations, easily gives rise to corruptive behavior. In the paper we analyze economic models of environmental monitoring with high costs, incomplete information and corruption. These models should be the elements of environmental economics and are needed to create an effective system of nature protection measures.

Impacts of Environmental Regulation on Sustainable Economic Growth

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 749-773
Author(s):  
Jonathan Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Environmental Regulation ◽  
Technical Change ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Environmental Regulations ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Porter Hypothesis ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Environment Agency ◽  
Sustainable Economic Growth

There is considerable concern and debate about the economic impacts of environmental regulations. Jonathan Fisher, former Economics Manager at the Environment Agency in England and Wales, reviews the available evidence on this subject. Section 2 presents estimates of the costs and benefits of environmental regulations. Section 3 examines the impacts of environmental regulations on economic growth, innovation and technical change as well as impacts on competitiveness and any movement of businesses to less pollution havens. He questions call for greater certainty regarding future environmental regulations, whereas in fact there should be calls for less uncertainty. This section then suggests how this could be achieved. This section then finishes with an overview of the available evidence. This includes an examination of the Porter Hypothesis that environmental regulations can trigger greater innovation that may partially or more than fully offset the compliance costs. Section 4 then sets out principles for how better environmental regulation can improve its impacts on sustainable economic growth and illustrates how the European Union (EU) Water Framework Directive is a good example of the application of these principles in practice. Section 5 reviews current and recent political perspectives regarding developments in environmental regulations across the EU and shows how the United Kingdom (UK) has successfully positively managed to influence such developments so that EU environmental regulations now incorporate many of these principles to improve their impacts on economic growth. Section 5.1 then examines the implications of Brexit for UK environmental regulations. Finally, Section 6 sets out some best practice principles to improve the impacts of environmental regulation on sustainable economic growth, innovation and technical change.

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