Characterization of biochars from a plant biomass and its effect on lead sorption capacity

2018 ◽  
Vol 108 ◽  
pp. 189-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noeline B. Fernandez ◽  
Manohar D. Mullassery ◽  
Diana Thomas ◽  
R Surya ◽  
Y. Jelen Das
Keyword(s):  
Sorption Capacity ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Lead Sorption

scholarly journals Facile Synthesis and Characterization of Palm CNF-ZnO Nanocomposites with Antibacterial and Reinforcing Properties

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 5781
Author(s):  
Janarthanan Supramaniam ◽  
Darren Yi Sern Low ◽  
See Kiat Wong ◽  
Loh Teng Hern Tan ◽  
Bey Fen Leo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Cellulose Nanofibers ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Mechanical Reinforcement ◽  
Uniform Size ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Potential Applications

Cellulose nanofibers (CNF) isolated from plant biomass have attracted considerable interests in polymer engineering. The limitations associated with CNF-based nanocomposites are often linked to the time-consuming preparation methods and lack of desired surface functionalities. Herein, we demonstrate the feasibility of preparing a multifunctional CNF-zinc oxide (CNF-ZnO) nanocomposite with dual antibacterial and reinforcing properties via a facile and efficient ultrasound route. We characterized and examined the antibacterial and mechanical reinforcement performances of our ultrasonically induced nanocomposite. Based on our electron microscopy analyses, the ZnO deposited onto the nanofibrous network had a flake-like morphology with particle sizes ranging between 21 to 34 nm. pH levels between 8–10 led to the formation of ultrafine ZnO particles with a uniform size distribution. The resultant CNF-ZnO composite showed improved thermal stability compared to pure CNF. The composite showed potent inhibitory activities against Gram-positive (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)) and Gram-negative Salmonella typhi (S. typhi) bacteria. A CNF-ZnO-reinforced natural rubber (NR/CNF-ZnO) composite film, which was produced via latex mixing and casting methods, exhibited up to 42% improvement in tensile strength compared with the neat NR. The findings of this study suggest that ultrasonically-synthesized palm CNF-ZnO nanocomposites could find potential applications in the biomedical field and in the development of high strength rubber composites.

scholarly journals Evidence for Phytoremediation and Phytoexcretion of NTO from Industrial Wastewater by Vetiver Grass

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
Abhishek RoyChowdhury ◽  
Pallabi Mukherjee ◽  
Saumik Panja ◽  
Rupali Datta ◽  
Christos Christodoulatos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Reduction ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
Vetiver Grass ◽  
Insensitive Munitions ◽  
Treatment Technologies ◽  
And Control ◽  
Near Future

The use of insensitive munitions such as 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO) is rapidly increasing and is expected to replace conventional munitions in the near future. Various NTO treatment technologies are being developed for the treatment of wastewater from industrial munition facilities. This is the first study to explore the potential phytoremediation of industrial NTO-wastewater using vetiver grass (Chrysopogon zizanioides L.). Here, we present evidence that vetiver can effectively remove NTO from wastewater, and also translocated NTO from root to shoot. NTO was phytotoxic and resulted in a loss of plant biomass and chlorophyll. The metabolomic analysis showed significant differences between treated and control samples, with the upregulation of specific pathways such as glycerophosphate metabolism and amino acid metabolism, providing a glimpse into the stress alleviation strategy of vetiver. One of the mechanisms of NTO stress reduction was the excretion of solid crystals. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis confirmed the presence of NTO crystals in the plant exudates. Further characterization of the exudates is in progress to ascertain the purity of these crystals, and if vetiver could be used for phytomining NTO from industrial wastewater.

scholarly journals Characterization of Ionic Liquid Lignins Isolated from Spruce Wood with 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium Acetate and Methyl Sulfate and Their Binary Mixtures with DMSO

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 2479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Artyom V. Belesov ◽  
Anton V. Ladesov ◽  
Ilya I. Pikovskoi ◽  
Anna V. Faleva ◽  
Dmitry S. Kosyakov
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Binary Mixtures ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Covalent Binding ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Spruce Wood

Ionic liquids (ILs) based on 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium (bmim) cation have proved to be promising solvents for the fractionation of plant biomass with the production of cellulose and lignin. This study deals with the characterization of lignins isolated from coniferous (spruce) wood using [bmim]OAc and [bmim]MeSO4 ionic liquids and their binary mixtures with DMSO (80:20). Molecular weight distributions, functional composition, and structural features of IL lignins were studied by size-exclusion chromatography, NMR spectroscopy (1D and 2D) and atmospheric pressure photoionization high-resolution mass spectrometry. It was shown that the interaction of ILs with lignin leads to significant chemical changes in the biopolymer; a decrease in the degree of polymerization and in the content of free phenolic hydroxyl groups due to alkylation, the disappearance (in the case of [bmim]OAc) of carbonyl groups and a significant destruction of β-O-4 bonds. The chemical reactions between lignin and 1-butyl-3-methylidazolium cation with covalent binding of ionic liquids or products of their decomposition is evidenced by the presence of a large number of nitrogen-containing oligomers in IL lignins.

scholarly journals High-Throughput Recovery and Characterization of Metagenome-Derived Glycoside Hydrolase-Containing Clones as a Resource for Biocatalyst Development

mSystems ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary Armstrong ◽  
Feng Liu ◽  
Sam Kheirandish ◽  
Hong-Ming Chen ◽  
Keith Mewis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput ◽  
Glycoside Hydrolase ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Environmental Dna ◽  
Functional Screening ◽  
Biomass Degradation ◽  
Genomic Context ◽  
Or Gene

ABSTRACT Functional metagenomics is a powerful tool for both the discovery and development of biocatalysts. This study presents the high-throughput functional screening of 22 large-insert fosmid libraries containing over 300,000 clones sourced from natural and engineered ecosystems, characterization of active clones, and a demonstration of the utility of recovered genes or gene cassettes in the development of novel biocatalysts. Screening was performed in a 384-well-plate format with the fluorogenic substrate 4-methylumbelliferyl cellobioside, which releases a fluorescent molecule when cleaved by β-glucosidases or cellulases. The resulting set of 164 active clones was subsequently interrogated for substrate preference, reaction mechanism, thermal stability, and optimal pH. The environmental DNA harbored within each active clone was sequenced, and functional annotation revealed a cornucopia of carbohydrate-degrading enzymes. Evaluation of genomic-context information revealed both synteny and polymer-targeting loci within a number of sequenced clones. The utility of these fosmids was then demonstrated by identifying clones encoding activity on an unnatural glycoside (4-methylumbelliferyl 6-azido-6-deoxy-β-d-galactoside) and transforming one of the identified enzymes into a glycosynthase capable of forming taggable disaccharides. IMPORTANCE The generation of new biocatalysts for plant biomass degradation and glycan synthesis has typically relied on the characterization and investigation of one or a few enzymes at a time. By coupling functional metagenomic screening and high-throughput functional characterization, we can progress beyond the current scale of catalyst discovery and provide rapid annotation of catalyst function. By functionally screening environmental DNA from many diverse sources, we have generated a suite of active glycoside hydrolase-containing clones and demonstrated their reaction parameters. We then demonstrated the utility of this collection through the generation of a new catalyst for the formation of azido-modified glycans. Further interrogation of this collection of clones will expand our biocatalytic toolbox, with potential application to biomass deconstruction and synthesis of glycans.

scholarly journals Phylogenetic and Kinetic Characterization of a Suite of Dehydrogenases from a Newly Isolated Bacterium, Strain SG61-1L, That Catalyze the Turnover of Guaiacylglycerol-β-Guaiacyl Ether Stereoisomers

2015 ◽  
Vol 81 (23) ◽  
pp. 8164-8176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shannu Palamuru ◽  
Nikki Dellas ◽  
Stephen L. Pearce ◽  
Andrew C. Warden ◽  
John G. Oakeshott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Walls ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Manufacturing Industries ◽  
Plant Cell Walls ◽  
Chemical Manufacturing ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Bacterium Strain ◽  
Alternative Feedstocks

ABSTRACTLignin is a complex aromatic polymer found in plant cell walls that makes up 15 to 40% of plant biomass. The degradation of lignin substructures by bacteria is of emerging interest because it could provide renewable alternative feedstocks and intermediates for chemical manufacturing industries. We have isolated a bacterium, strain SG61-1L, that rapidly degrades all of the stereoisomers of one lignin substructure, guaiacylglycerol-β-guaiacyl ether (GGE), which contains a key β-O-4 linkage found in most intermonomer linkages in lignin. In an effort to understand the rapid degradation of GGE by this bacterium, we heterologously expressed and kinetically characterized a suite of dehydrogenase candidates for the first known step of GGE degradation. We identified a clade of active GGE dehydrogenases and also several other dehydrogenases outside this clade that were all able to oxidize GGE. Several candidates exhibited stereoselectivity toward the GGE stereoisomers, while others had higher levels of catalytic performance than previously described GGE dehydrogenases for all four stereoisomers, indicating a variety of potential applications for these enzymes in the manufacture of lignin-derived commodities.

Characterization of U(VI) Sorption and Leaching on Clay Supported Biomass Sorbents

2013 ◽  
Vol 825 ◽  
pp. 532-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melisa Soledad Olivelli ◽  
Daniel Di Gregorio ◽  
Hugo Huck ◽  
Jorge Fernández Niello ◽  
Rosa María Torres Sánchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sorption Capacity ◽  
Fungal Biomass ◽  
Continuous Systems ◽  
Strong Potential ◽  
Uranium Removal ◽  
Biomass Sorbents

In previous studies was demonstrated that matrixes generated from fungal biomass and a montmorillonite (BMMTs) are efficient as biosorbentes in batch uranium removal systems. The objective of this article is to evaluate the U(VI) sorption capacity of BMMT in continuous systems for its removal from effluents and to determine the reusability of the sorbent and the recovery of the uranium testing different leaching solutions. Upflow BMMT columns were performed in order to optimize the system for continuous sorption techniques. For upflow columns, the maximum total amount of U(VI) retained was 75 mg U(VI) / g BMMT. Treatment of U(VI) loaded BMMTs with leaching solutions allowed calculating U(VI) extraction percentages. These results indicated the possibility of recycling the sorbent after processes of U(VI) sorption and that the use of clay supported biomass sorbents in upflow columns presented strong potential for uranium retention.

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