The role of membrane distillation/crystallization technologies in the integrated membrane system for seawater desalination

2009 ◽  
Vol 10 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 210-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sulaiman Al Obaidani ◽  
Efrem Curcio ◽  
Gianluca Di Profio ◽  
Enrico Drioli
Keyword(s):  
Membrane System ◽  
Membrane Distillation ◽  
Seawater Desalination

The possible role of the frontal and sub-parietal gland systems of the pentastomidReighardia sternae(Diesing, 1864) in the evasion of the host immune response

Parasitology ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Riley ◽  
J. L. James ◽  
A. A. Banaja
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Alternative Explanation ◽  
Surface Membrane ◽  
Membrane System ◽  
Host Immune Response ◽  
Entire Surface ◽  
Strong Immune Response ◽  
Concomitant Immunity ◽  
Host Parasite

SUMMARYThe frontal and sub-parietal glands of the pentastomidReighardia sternaeelaborate lamellate secretion which is poured on to the cuticle. The entire surface of the cuticle, including the mouth, hook pits and reproductive apertures, is coated with secretion. Electron microscope studies indicate that the glands are continuously active, which implies a turnover of surface membranes. The postulated function of these membranes is to protect certain vital areas of the host–parasite interface, notably the pores of ion-transporting cells, from the host immune response. The available evidence suggests that pentastomids do evoke a strong immune response but since most are long-lived they must circumvent it. We believe the surface membrane system to be instrumental in this. Studies on another pentastomid,Porocephalus crotaliin rats have shown that an immune response stimulated by a primary infection will kill subsequent infections and that the surface membranes are strongly immunogenic. Obvious parallels between this situation and that of schistosome infections in mammals are discussed. An alternative explanation of concomitant immunity is proposed.

Potential of membrane distillation in seawater desalination: Thermal efficiency, sensitivity study and cost estimation

2008 ◽  
Vol 323 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
S ALOBAIDANI ◽  
E CURCIO ◽  
F MACEDONIO ◽  
G DIPROFIO ◽  
H ALHINAI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Cost Estimation ◽  
Sensitivity Study ◽  
Membrane Distillation ◽  
Seawater Desalination

Modeling and optimization of a commercial permeate gap spiral wound membrane distillation module for seawater desalination

Desalination ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 419 ◽  
pp. 160-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ruiz-Aguirre ◽  
J.A. Andrés-Mañas ◽  
J.M. Fernández-Sevilla ◽  
G. Zaragoza
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Distillation ◽  
Seawater Desalination ◽  
Modeling And Optimization ◽  
Spiral Wound

scholarly journals Capillary Polypropylene Membranes for Membrane Distillation

Fibers ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Gryta
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Process ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Membrane Distillation ◽  
Water Desalination ◽  
Porous Membranes ◽  
Surface Porosity ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Thermally Induced

Only nonwetted porous membranes can be used in membrane distillation. The possibility of application in this process the capillary polypropylene membranes manufactured by thermally-induced phase separation was studied. The performance of a few types of membranes available commercially was presented. The resistance of the membranes to wetting was tested in the continuous process of water desalination. These studies were carried out for 1000 h without module cleaning. The presence of scaling layer on the membranes surface was confirmed by Scanning Electron Microscope observations. Both the permeate flux and distillate conductivity were almost not varied after the studied period of time, what indicates that the used membranes maintained their nonwettability, and the negative influence of scaling was limited. The role of surface porosity on the pore wetting and influence of membrane wettability on the quality of the distillate obtained were discussed.

scholarly journals G6b-B regulates an essential step in megakaryocyte maturation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle C. Becker ◽  
Zoltan Nagy ◽  
Georgi Manukjan ◽  
Melanie Haffner-Luntzer ◽  
Maximilian Englert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Current Model ◽  
Membrane System ◽  
Null Mouse ◽  
Nucleotide Exchange ◽  
Ideal Model ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Nucleotide Mutation ◽  
Global Reduction

G6b-B is a megakaryocyte lineage-specific immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motif (ITIM)-containing receptor, essential for platelet homeostasis. Mice with a genomic deletion of the entire Mpig6b locus develop severe macrothrombocytopenia and myelofibrosis, which is reflected in humans with null-mutations in MPIG6B. The current model proposes that megakaryocytes lacking G6b-B develop normally, while proplatelet release is hampered, but the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. Here, we report on a spontaneous recessive single nucleotide mutation in C57BL/6 mice, localized within the intronic region of the Mpig6b locus that abolishes G6b-B expression and reproduces macrothrombocytopenia, myelofibrosis and osteosclerosis. As the mutation is based on a single nucleotide exchange, Mpig6bmut mice represent an ideal model to study the role of G6b-B. Megakaryocytes from these mice were smaller in size, displayed a less developed demarcation membrane system and reduced expression of receptors. RNA sequencing revealed a striking global reduction in the level of megakaryocyte specific transcripts, in conjunction with decreased protein levels of the transcription factor GATA-1, and impaired thrombopoietin signaling. The reduced number of mature MKs in the bone marrow was corroborated on a newly developed Mpig6b null mouse strain. Our findings highlight an unexpected essential role of G6b-B in the early differentiation within the megakaryocytic lineage.

Novel syntaxin gene sequences from Giardia, Trypanosoma and algae: implications for the ancient evolution of the eukaryotic endomembrane system

2002 ◽  
Vol 115 (8) ◽  
pp. 1635-1642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel B. Dacks ◽  
W. Ford Doolittle
Keyword(s):  
Protein Interactions ◽  
Calcium Binding ◽  
Parallel Evolution ◽  
Membrane System ◽  
Compartment System ◽  
Eukaryotic Diversity ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Membrane Compartment ◽  
Isoleucine Residue

SNAP receptors or SNARES are crucial components of the intracellular membrane system of eukaryotes. The syntaxin family of SNAREs have been shown to have roles in neurotransmission, vesicular transport, membrane fusion and even internal membrane compartment reconstruction. While syntaxins and SNAREs in general have been well characterized in mammalian and yeast models, little is known about their overall distribution across eukaryotic diversity or about the evolution of the syntaxin gene family. By combining bioinformatic,molecular biological and phylogenetic approaches, we demonstrate that various syntaxin homologs are not only present in `eukaryotic crown taxa' but across a wide range of eukaryotic lineages. The alignment of evolutionarily diverse syntaxin paralogs shows that an isoleucine residue critical to nSec1—syntaxin complex formation and the characteristic syntaxin glutamine residue are nearly universally conserved, implying a general functional importance for these residues. Other identified functional residues involved in botulism toxicity and calcium-binding-protein interactions are also compared. The presence of Golgi-related syntaxins in the intestinal parasite Giardia intestinalis provides further evidence for a cryptic Golgi in this `adictyosomal' taxon, and another likely case of secondary reduction in this parasite. The phylogeny of syntaxins shows a number of nested duplications, including a case of parallel evolution in the plasma membrane-associated syntaxins, and ancestral duplications in the other syntaxin paralogs. These speak to ancient events in the evolution of the syntaxin system and emphasize the universal role of the syntaxins in the eukaryotic intracellular compartment system.

scholarly journals A green membrane distillation system for seawater desalination: Response surface modelling and optimization

2018 ◽  
Vol 361 ◽  
pp. 012011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Khadijah Hubadillah ◽  
Mohd Hafiz Dzarfan Othman ◽  
Paran Gani ◽  
Ahmad Fauzi Ismail ◽  
Mukhlis A. Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface ◽  
Membrane Distillation ◽  
Seawater Desalination ◽  
Surface Modelling ◽  
Distillation System ◽  
Response Surface Modelling ◽  
Modelling And Optimization

scholarly journals The Role of Gravity in the Evolution of the Concentration Field in the Electrochemical Membrane Cell

Entropy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kornelia M. Batko ◽  
Andrzej Ślęzak ◽  
Wioletta M. Bajdur
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layers ◽  
Concentration Polarization ◽  
Concentration Field ◽  
Membrane System ◽  
Volume Transport ◽  
Cellulose Acetate Membrane ◽  
Concentration Boundary ◽  
Concentration Boundary Layers ◽  
Mechanical Stirring

The subject of the study was the osmotic volume transport of aqueous CuSO4 and/or ethanol solutions through a selective cellulose acetate membrane (Nephrophan). The effect of concentration of solution components, concentration polarization of solutions and configuration of the membrane system on the value of the volume osmotic flux ( J v i r ) in a single-membrane system in which the polymer membrane located in the horizontal plane was examined. The investigations were carried out under mechanical stirring conditions of the solutions and after it was turned off. Based on the obtained measurement results J v i r , the effects of concentration polarization, convection polarization, asymmetry and amplification of the volume osmotic flux and the thickness of the concentration boundary layers were calculated. Osmotic entropy production was also calculated for solution homogeneity and concentration polarization conditions. Using the thickness of the concentration boundary layers, critical values of the Rayleigh concentration number ( R C r ), i.e., the switch, were estimated between two states: convective (with higher J v i r ) and non-convective (with lower J v i r ). The operation of this switch indicates the regulatory role of earthly gravity in relation to membrane transport.

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