scholarly journals Estimating progress of specific deposit in a dual-media BOPS-sand water filter using a matrix approach

2009 ◽  
Vol 11 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 98-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Jusoh ◽  
A. G. Halim ◽  
A. Nora'aini ◽  
W. B. Wan Nik ◽  
E. Azizah
Keyword(s):  
Matrix Approach ◽  
Water Filter ◽  
Specific Deposit

A performance evaluation and modification of the UNICEF upward-flow water filter

Waterlines ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinay Pratap Singh ◽  
Malay Chaudhuri
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Upward Flow ◽  
Water Filter ◽  
A Performance

scholarly journals Engineering and characterization of gymnosperm sapwood toward enabling the design of water filtration devices

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Krithika Ramchander ◽  
Megha Hegde ◽  
Anish Paul Antony ◽  
Luda Wang ◽  
Kendra Leith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Social Acceptance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Water Filter ◽  
Synthetic Test ◽  
Xylem Tissue ◽  
Filtration Material

AbstractNaturally-occurring membranes in the xylem tissue of gymnosperm sapwood enable its use as an abundantly-available material to construct filters, with potential to facilitate access to safe drinking water in resource-constrained settings. However, the material’s behavior as a filter is poorly understood, and challenges such as short shelf life have not been addressed. Here, we characterize the operational attributes of xylem filters and show that the material exhibits a highly non-linear dependence of flow resistance on thickness upon drying, and a tendency for self-blocking. We develop guidelines for the design and fabrication of xylem filters, demonstrate gravity-operated filters with shelf life >2 years, and show that the filters can provide >3 log removal of E. coli, MS-2 phage, and rotavirus from synthetic test waters and coliform bacteria from contaminated spring, tap, and ground waters. Through interviews and workshops in India, we use a user-centric approach to design a prototype filtration device with daily- to weekly-replaceable xylem filters, and uncover indicators of social acceptance of xylem as a natural water filter. Our work enhances the understanding of xylem as a filtration material, and opens opportunities for engineering a diverse range of low-cost, biodegradable xylem-based filtration products on a global scale.

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