Molecular weight distribution for NOM in different drinking water treatment processes

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 267-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong An ◽  
Jia-xiu Song ◽  
Wei Gao ◽  
Guo-guang Chen ◽  
Nai-yun Gao
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Molecular Weight Distribution ◽  
Weight Distribution ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Processes

scholarly journals Understanding the behaviour of molecular weight fractions of natural organic matter to improve water treatment processes

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Kristiana ◽  
B. P. Allpike ◽  
C. A. Joll ◽  
A. Heitz ◽  
R. Trolio
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Aromatic Character ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Treatment Processes

Water utilities have experienced increasing pressure to minimise the formation of disinfection by-products (DBPs), as reflected in the increasingly stringent regulations and guidelines for the concentrations of DBPs in drinking water. Understanding the disinfection characteristics and molecular weight (MW) distribution of natural organic matter (NOM) will assist in the optimisation of drinking water treatment processes to minimise the formation of DBPs. This study investigated the disinfection behaviour of MW fractions of NOM isolated from a Western Australian source water. The NOM was fractionated and separated using preparative size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and the fractions were chlorinated in the presence of bromide ion. The larger MW fractions of NOM were found to produce the highest concentrations of DBPs (trihalomethanes, haloacetic acids, haloacetonitriles, haloketones, and haloaldehydes), with the low MW fractions still producing significant amounts of these DBPs. The results also showed a trend of an increasing proportion of brominated DBPs with decreasing MW and aromatic character. Considering that the smaller MW fractions of NOM produce significant amounts of DBPs, with a higher relative contribution from brominated DBPs, water treatment processes need to be optimised for either bromide removal or the removal of aliphatic, small MW fractions of NOM, in order to meet DBP guidelines and regulations.

Is biological treatment a viable alternative for micropollutant removal in drinking water treatment processes?

2013 ◽  
Vol 47 (16) ◽  
pp. 5955-5976 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Benner ◽  
Damian E. Helbling ◽  
Hans-Peter E. Kohler ◽  
Janneke Wittebol ◽  
Elena Kaiser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Viable Alternative ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Micropollutant Removal

Model-based pH monitor for sensor assessment

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 709-715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim van Schagen ◽  
Luuk Rietveld ◽  
Alex Veersma ◽  
Robert Babuška
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Online Measurements ◽  
Measurement Devices

Owing to the nature of the treatment processes, monitoring the processes based on individual online measurements is difficult or even impossible. However, the measurements (online and laboratory) can be combined with a priori process knowledge, using mathematical models, to objectively monitor the treatment processes and measurement devices. The pH measurement is a commonly used measurement at different stages in the drinking water treatment plant, although it is a unreliable instrument, requiring significant maintenance. It is shown that, using a grey-box model, it is possible to assess the measurement devices effectively, even if detailed information of the specific processes is unknown.

Enhanced effectiveness of medium-pressure ultraviolet lamps on human adenovirus 2 and its possible mechanism

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 851-857 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gwy-Am Shin ◽  
Jung-Keun Lee ◽  
Karl G. Linden
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Human Exposure ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Human Adenovirus ◽  
Repair Process ◽  
Uv Disinfection ◽  
Medium Pressure ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Uv Technology

There has been growing concern over human exposure to adenoviruses through drinking water due to their apparent high resistance to UV irradiation and the anticipated widespread use of ultraviolet (UV) disinfection in drinking water treatment processes. However, most inactivation studies on adenoviruses were performed using only one type of UV technology—low-pressure (LP) UV, and little is known about the effectiveness of different UV technologies such as medium- pressure (MP) UV or other polychromatic UV technologies. In this work, the kinetics and extent of inactivation of a human adenovirus (adenovirus 2 (Ad2)) by both monochromatic LP and polychromatic MP UV were evaluated to determine the effectiveness of these UV technologies on human adenoviruses. Inactivation of Ad2 by LP UV was very slow and only 0.87 and 2.17 log10 inactivation was achieved with UV doses of 30 and 90 mJ/cm2, respectively. However, inactivation of Ad2 by MP UV was much faster and 2.19 and 5.36 log10 inactivation was observed with the same UV doses (30 and 90 mJ/cm2, respectively). It appears that MP UV is more effective against Ad2 than LP UV and the enhanced effectiveness of MP UV on Ad2 is likely due to its ability to inhibit the repair process in UV-irradiated Ad2.

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