Reuse of treated municipal wastewater effluents in Spain: Regulations and most common technologies, including extensive treatments

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 148-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrique Ortega ◽  
Raquel Iglesias
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Treated Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Effluents

Gene Expression of Fathead Minnows (Pimephales promelas) Exposed to Two Types of Treated Municipal Wastewater Effluents

2013 ◽  
Vol 47 (19) ◽  
pp. 11268-11277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doris. E. Vidal-Dorsch ◽  
R. Cristina Colli-Dula ◽  
Steven M. Bay ◽  
Darrin J. Greenstein ◽  
Lan Wiborg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Pimephales Promelas ◽  
Fathead Minnows ◽  
Treated Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Effluents

Cumulative Effects of Multiple Contaminants on Caged Fish

2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 244-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack F. Klaverkamp ◽  
Vince P. Palace ◽  
Christopher L. Baron ◽  
Robert E. Evans ◽  
Kerry G. Wautier
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Cumulative Effects ◽  
Disposal Site ◽  
Garbage Disposal ◽  
Disposal Facility ◽  
Multiple Contaminants ◽  
Wastewater Effluents ◽  
Liver Tissues

Abstract Pearl dace (Semotilus margarita) were held in cages and exposed to mine effluents, municipal wastewater effluents, a combination of the two, or to the combination in addition to runoff from a garbage disposal facility. Fish exposed to mining effluents only had the lowest mean lengths and weights but highest concentrations of As, Ni and Hg and lowest Zn in their viscera. Fish exposed to municipal wastewater effluents only had the highest concentrations of Cd and metallothionein in their viscera. Histopathological analyses of gill and liver tissues revealed a higher incidence of lesions in fish exposed to municipal wastewater effluents. These fish also had the highest LSIs, condition factors and mean vitellogenin concentrations in plasma from males. Fish exposed near the garbage disposal site had the highest concentrations of Pb and Se in their viscera.

Cultivation of rice for animal feed with circulated irrigation of treated municipal wastewater for enhanced nitrogen removal: comparison of cultivation systems feeding irrigation water upward and downward

2015 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 579-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Muramatsu ◽  
H. Ito ◽  
A. Sasaki ◽  
A. Kajihara ◽  
T. Watanabe
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Rice Plant ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Paddy Fields ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Cultivation System ◽  
Treated Municipal Wastewater

To achieve enhanced nitrogen removal, we modified a cultivation system with circulated irrigation of treated municipal wastewater by using rice for animal feed instead of human consumption. The performance of this modified system was evaluated through a bench-scale experiment by comparing the direction of circulated irrigation (i.e. passing through paddy soil upward and downward). The modified system achieved more than three times higher nitrogen removal (3.2 g) than the system in which rice for human consumption was cultivated. The removal efficiency was higher than 99.5%, regardless of the direction of circulated irrigation. Nitrogen in the treated municipal wastewater was adsorbed by the rice plant in this cultivation system as effectively as chemical fertilizer used in normal paddy fields. Circulated irrigation increased the nitrogen released to the atmosphere, probably due to enhanced denitrification. Neither the circulation of irrigation water nor its direction affected the growth of the rice plant and the yield and quality of harvested rice. The yield of rice harvested in this system did not reach the target value in normal paddy fields. To increase this yield, a larger amount of treated wastewater should be applied to the system, considering the significant amount of nitrogen released to the atmosphere.

scholarly journals Impact of sludge and wastewater on Lactuca sativa L. growth and on soil pollution

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 148-161
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Soil Pollution ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Lactuca Sativa ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Pollution Load Index ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Pollution Load ◽  
Treated Municipal Wastewater

<div> <p>Two greenhouse pot experiments were conducted in Agrinion, Greece. The impact of treated municipal wastewater (TMWW) and sludge (i) on the growth of <em>Lactuca sativa</em> L. var Longifolia (lettuce) and (ii) on the extent of soil pollution with heavy metals was studied. Soil pollution was assessed by calculating the Pollution Load Index (PLI). Both of these experiments were conducted, using a randomized block design in four replications and seven treatments, respectively, as follows: (a) Experiment A: study of the effect of treated municipal wastewater (TMWW): [Control, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, 100%, (100%+30 t/ha Sludge)] and (b) Experiment B: Study of the effect of sludge (t/ha): 0, &nbsp;6, 12,&nbsp; 18, 24 , 30, (30+100%TMWW). The sludge affected significantly plant height and fresh and dry matter yield, as well as the dry matter N content of plants, while the TMWW affected significantly the dry matter yield and non-significantly the plant height. The pollution load index (PLI) was non-significant for both treatments (sludge and TMWW). According to PLI calibration scale, the soil was found to be slightly polluted with heavy metals under both treatments.</p> </div> <p>&nbsp;</p>

scholarly journals Reuse of Treated Municipal Wastewater from Constructed Wetlands for Cut Flowers Irrigation in Aeroponic Cultivation

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ismael Leonardo Vera-Puerto ◽  
Jorge Leonardo Olave-Vera ◽  
Sussy Tapia ◽  
Wladimir Antonio Chávez ◽  
Carlos Arias
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Cut Flower ◽  
Cut Flowers ◽  
Cultivation System ◽  
Cultivation Systems ◽  
Arid Conditions ◽  
Affected Plant ◽  
Treated Municipal Wastewater

The aim of this work is to evaluate the reuse of municipal wastewaters treated through subsurface constructed wetlands (SS-CWs) as irrigation water in cut flower aeroponic cultivation under arid conditions. For this purpose, two experimental aeroponic cultivation systems were installed with the cut flower Lilium ‘Tresor’ planted and irrigated with SS-CWs treated water. The results showed that the quality of the SS-CWs wastewater has to be improved to be used in irrigation. Despite that, Lilium ‘Tresor’ grew under arid conditions with normal stem diameters and number of flowers but with heights under 0.65 m, which would restrict their commercialization to local markets. Water electrical conductivity (> 2300 µs/cm) and luminosity (> 120 klux) were factors that affected plant height. When compared to other cultivation systems, the aeroponic cultivation system used between 10 % and 20 % of the amount of water needed to produce Lilium ‘Tresor.’ Thus, this work showed the feasibility to produce cut flowers using an aeroponic cultivation system under arid conditions and irrigated with SS-CWs effluents. Likewise, it was detected that improvements to water quality and luminosity must be made for industrial scaling.

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