scholarly journals An Analysis of Hematological Parameters as a Diagnostic test for Malaria in Patients with Acute Febrile Illness: An Institutional Experience

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeeba Shamim Jairajpuri ◽  
Safia Rana ◽  
Mohd Jaseem Hassan ◽  
Farhat Nabi ◽  
Sujata Jetley
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Test ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Febrile Illness ◽  
Acute Febrile Illness ◽  
Institutional Experience

scholarly journals Redefining typhoid diagnosis: what would an improved test need to look like?

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Mather ◽  
Heidi Hopkins ◽  
Christopher M. Parry ◽  
Sabine Dittrich
Keyword(s):  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Diagnostic Test ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Treatment Algorithm ◽  
Febrile Illness ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Acute Febrile Illness ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Antibiotic Overuse

IntroductionTyphoid fever is one of the most common bacterial causes of acute febrile illness in the developing world, with an estimated 10.9 million new cases and 116.8 thousand deaths in 2017. Typhoid point-of-care (POC) diagnostic tests are widely used but have poor sensitivity and specificity, resulting in antibiotic overuse that has led to the emergence and spread of multidrug resistant strains. With recent advances in typhoid surveillance and detection, this is the ideal time to produce a target product profile (TPP) that guides product development and ensure that a next-generation test meets the needs of users in the resource-limited settings where typhoid is endemic.MethodsA structured literature review was conducted to develop a draft TPP for a next-generation typhoid diagnostic test with minimal and optimal desired characteristics for 36 test parameters. The TPP was refined using feedback collected from a Delphi survey of key stakeholders in clinical medicine, microbiology, diagnostics and public and global health.ResultsA next-generation typhoid diagnostic test should improve patient management through the diagnosis and treatment of infection with acute Salmonella enterica serovars Typhi or Paratyphi with a sensitivity ≥90% and specificity ≥95%. The test would ideally be used at the lowest level of the healthcare system in settings without a reliable power or water supply and provide results in less than 15 minutes at a cost of <$1.00 USD.ConclusionThis report outlines the first comprehensive TPP for typhoid fever and is intended to guide the development of a next-generation typhoid diagnostic test. An accurate POC test will reduce the morbidity and mortality of typhoid fever through rapid diagnosis and treatment and will have the greatest impact in reducing antimicrobial resistance if it is combined with diagnostics for other causes of acute febrile illness in a treatment algorithm.

scholarly journals Evaluation of loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for detection of scrub typhus in patients with acute febrile illness presenting to a Tertiary Care Center in Puducherry, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (01) ◽  
pp. 082-086 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Anitha Karthikeyan ◽  
Sugeerappa Laxmanappa Hoti ◽  
Reba Kanungo
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Test ◽  
Scrub Typhus ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Lamp Assay ◽  
Febrile Illness ◽  
Isothermal Amplification ◽  
Acute Febrile Illness ◽  
Loop Mediated Isothermal Amplification ◽  
Igm Antibodies ◽  
Two Samples

Abstract PURPOSE: Scrub typhus an acute febrile illness has diverse clinical manifestations, which overlap with other febrile illnesses. Due to this reason, it is misdiagnosed, leading to inappropriate treatment, sometimes resulting in fatality. Thus, accurate diagnosis of scrub typhus is important for appropriate treatment. This study evaluated the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay as a diagnostic test for scrub typhus among patients with fever. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 50 cases of acute febrile illness clinically resembling scrub typhus, with or without an eschar, or cases of pyrexia of unknown origin were included in the study. Blood samples collected from these cases were subjected to detection of IgM antibodies to Orientia tsutsugamushi by ELISA, conventional groEL polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and the LAMP assay. RESULTS: Twelve cases had fever for less than a week, and two had fever for more than 3 weeks. IgM antibodies to O. tsutsugamushi were detected in 37 out of 50 samples (74%). LAMP assay was positive in 33 samples (66%). groEL gene-based PCR detected 35 (70%) samples as positive. Two samples negative by LAMP assay were positive by this PCR. Twenty samples collected from patients with dengue, typhoid, and malaria tested by the LAMP assay were negative, indicating its good specificity. LAMP assay and the conventional groEL-based PCR could detect 72.7% and 74.3% of the samples, respectively before the 10th day after onset of fever, whereas IgM ELISA could detect only 40.5% of the 37 samples. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that LAMP assay could be a useful diagnostic test for detecting scrub typhus in the acute phase of the illness and a cheaper alternative to other molecular methods in resource poor settings.

scholarly journals Useful clinical features and hematological parameters for the diagnosis of dengue infection in patients with acute febrile illness: a retrospective study

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juthatip Chaloemwong ◽  
Adisak Tantiworawit ◽  
Thanawat Rattanathammethee ◽  
Sasinee Hantrakool ◽  
Chatree Chai-Adisaksopha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Dengue Infection ◽  
Febrile Illness ◽  
Acute Febrile Illness

scholarly journals Redefining typhoid diagnosis: what would an improved test need to look like?

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. e001831
Author(s):  
Richard G Mather ◽  
Heidi Hopkins ◽  
Christopher M Parry ◽  
Sabine Dittrich
Keyword(s):  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Diagnostic Test ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Treatment Algorithm ◽  
Febrile Illness ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Acute Febrile Illness ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Antibiotic Overuse

IntroductionTyphoid fever is one of the most common bacterial causes of acute febrile illness in the developing world, with an estimated 10.9 million new cases and 116.8 thousand deaths in 2017. Typhoid point-of-care (POC) diagnostic tests are widely used but have poor sensitivity and specificity, resulting in antibiotic overuse that has led to the emergence and spread of multidrug-resistant strains. With recent advances in typhoid surveillance and detection, this is the ideal time to produce a target product profile (TPP) that guides product development and ensure that a next-generation test meets the needs of users in the resource-limited settings where typhoid is endemic.MethodsA structured literature review was conducted to develop a draft TPP for a next-generation typhoid diagnostic test with minimal and optimal desired characteristics for 36 test parameters. The TPP was refined using feedback collected from a Delphi survey of key stakeholders in clinical medicine, microbiology, diagnostics and public and global health.ResultsA next-generation typhoid diagnostic test should improve patient management through the diagnosis and treatment of infection with acute Salmonella enterica serovars Typhi or Paratyphi with a sensitivity ≥90% and specificity ≥95%. The test would ideally be used at the lowest level of the healthcare system in settings without a reliable power or water supply and provide results in <15 min at a cost of <US$1.00.ConclusionThis report outlines the first comprehensive TPP for typhoid fever and is intended to guide the development of a next-generation typhoid diagnostic test. An accurate POC test will reduce the morbidity and mortality of typhoid fever through rapid diagnosis and treatment and will have the greatest impact in reducing antimicrobial resistance if it is combined with diagnostics for other causes of acute febrile illness in a treatment algorithm.

scholarly journals Prediction of disease severity in young children presenting with acute febrile illness in resource-limited settings: a protocol for a prospective observational study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. e045826
Author(s):  
Arjun Chandna ◽  
Endashaw M Aderie ◽  
Riris Ahmad ◽  
Eggi Arguni ◽  
Elizabeth A Ashley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Prediction Model ◽  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Model Building ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Febrile Illness ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Swab ◽  
Acute Febrile Illness ◽  
Clinical Prediction ◽  
Open Access Journals

IntroductionIn rural and difficult-to-access settings, early and accurate recognition of febrile children at risk of progressing to serious illness could contribute to improved patient outcomes and better resource allocation. This study aims to develop a prognostic clinical prediction tool to assist community healthcare providers identify febrile children who might benefit from referral or admission for facility-based medical care.Methods and analysisThis prospective observational study will recruit at least 4900 paediatric inpatients and outpatients under the age of 5 years presenting with an acute febrile illness to seven hospitals in six countries across Asia. A venous blood sample and nasopharyngeal swab is collected from each participant and detailed clinical data recorded at presentation, and each day for the first 48 hours of admission for inpatients. Multianalyte assays are performed at reference laboratories to measure a panel of host biomarkers, as well as targeted aetiological investigations for common bacterial and viral pathogens. Clinical outcome is ascertained on day 2 and day 28.Presenting syndromes, clinical outcomes and aetiology of acute febrile illness will be described and compared across sites. Following the latest guidance in prediction model building, a prognostic clinical prediction model, combining simple clinical features and measurements of host biomarkers, will be derived and geographically externally validated. The performance of the model will be evaluated in specific presenting clinical syndromes and fever aetiologies.Ethics and disseminationThe study has received approval from all relevant international, national and institutional ethics committees. Written informed consent is provided by the caretaker of all participants. Results will be shared with local and national stakeholders, and disseminated via peer-reviewed open-access journals and scientific meetings.Trial registration numberNCT04285021.

scholarly journals Differential Laboratory Diagnosis of Acute Fever in Guinea: Preparedness for the Threat of Hemorrhagic Fevers

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 6022
Author(s):  
Vladimir G. Dedkov ◽  
N’Faly Magassouba ◽  
Olga A. Stukolova ◽  
Victoria A. Savina ◽  
Jakob Camara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ebola Virus ◽  
Febrile Illness ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Acute Febrile Illness ◽  
Causative Pathogen ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fevers ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Pathognomonic Sign

Acute febrile illnesses occur frequently in Guinea. Acute fever itself is not a unique, hallmark indication (pathognomonic sign) of any one illness or disease. In the infectious disease context, fever’s underlying cause can be a wide range of viral or bacterial pathogens, including the Ebola virus. In this study, molecular and serological methods were used to analyze samples from patients hospitalized with acute febrile illness in various regions of Guinea. This analysis was undertaken with the goal of accomplishing differential diagnosis (determination of causative pathogen) in such cases. As a result, a number of pathogens, both viral and bacterial, were identified in Guinea as causative agents behind acute febrile illness. In approximately 60% of the studied samples, however, a definitive determination could not be made.

scholarly journals Scrub Typhus and Molecular Characterization of Orientia tsutsugamushi from Central Nepal

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 422
Author(s):  
Rajendra Gautam ◽  
Keshab Parajuli ◽  
Mythili Tadepalli ◽  
Stephen Graves ◽  
John Stenos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Scrub Typhus ◽  
Febrile Illness ◽  
Acute Febrile Illness ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Orientia Tsutsugamushi ◽  
Health Measures ◽  
Central Nepal ◽  
Vector Borne

Scrub typhus is a vector-borne, acute febrile illness caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi. Scrub typhus continues to be an important but neglected tropical disease in Nepal. Information on this pathogen in Nepal is limited to serological surveys with little information available on molecular methods to detect O. tsutsugamushi. Limited information exists on the genetic diversity of this pathogen. A total of 282 blood samples were obtained from patients with suspected scrub typhus from central Nepal and 84 (30%) were positive for O. tsutsugamushi by 16S rRNA qPCR. Positive samples were further subjected to 56 kDa and 47 kDa molecular typing and molecularly compared to other O. tsutsugamushi strains. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Nepalese O. tsutsugamushi strains largely cluster together and cluster away from other O. tsutsugamushi strains from Asia and elsewhere. One exception was the sample of Nepal_1, with its partial 56 kDa sequence clustering more closely with non-Nepalese O. tsutsugamushi 56 kDa sequences, potentially indicating that homologous recombination may influence the genetic diversity of strains in this region. Knowledge on the circulating strains in Nepal is important to the development of diagnostic tests and vaccines to support public health measures to control scrub typhus in this country.

Respiratory Symptoms and Farming Practices in Farmers Associated With an Acute Febrile Illness After Organic Dust Exposure

CHEST Journal ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 116 (5) ◽  
pp. 1452-1458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanna Von Essen ◽  
Jon Fryzek ◽  
Bogdan Nowakowski ◽  
Mary Wampler
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Febrile Illness ◽  
Dust Exposure ◽  
Acute Febrile Illness ◽  
Organic Dust ◽  
Farming Practices

Polymyositis Complicating Staphylococcal Septicaemia

1987 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 149-150
Author(s):  
J. Hamilton ◽  
R.A. Sharp ◽  
J. M. Anderson ◽  
M. R. Kerr
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Myopathy ◽  
Febrile Illness ◽  
Acute Febrile Illness ◽  
Viral Origin ◽  
Similar Association

Inflammatory polymyositis can be precipitated by acute febrile illness of viral origin1, but similar association with pyogenic bacterial illness is not recognised. We describe two cases in which recovery from staphylococcal septicaemia was complicated by a widespread inflammatory myopathy.

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