Characteristics of Stress Drop and Energy Budget from Extended Slip-Weakening Model and Scaling Relationships

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 253-266
Author(s):  
Hang Choi ◽  
◽  
Byung-Ick Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Energy Budget ◽  
Stress Drop ◽  
Scaling Relationships

The relations between the corner frequency, seismic moment and source dynamic parameters derived from the spontaneous rupture of a circular fault

2021 ◽  
Vol 228 (1) ◽  
pp. 134-146
Author(s):  
Jian Wen ◽  
Jiankuan Xu ◽  
Xiaofei Chen
Keyword(s):  
Stress Drop ◽  
Seismic Moment ◽  
Dynamic Models ◽  
Scaling Law ◽  
Boundary Integral ◽  
Corner Frequency ◽  
Dynamic Parameters ◽  
Zone Size ◽  
Dynamic Rupture ◽  
Scaling Relationships

SUMMARY The stress drop is an important dynamic source parameter for understanding the physics of source processes. The estimation of stress drops for moderate and small earthquakes is based on measurements of the corner frequency ${f_c}$, the seismic moment ${M_0}$ and a specific theoretical model of rupture behaviour. To date, several theoretical rupture models have been used. However, different models cause considerable differences in the estimated stress drop, even in an idealized scenario of circular earthquake rupture. Moreover, most of these models are either kinematic or quasi-dynamic models. Compared with previous models, we use the boundary integral equation method to simulate spontaneous dynamic rupture in a homogeneous elastic full space and then investigate the relations between the corner frequency, seismic moment and source dynamic parameters. Spontaneous ruptures include two states: runaway ruptures, in which the rupture does not stop without a barrier, and self-arresting ruptures, in which the rupture can stop itself after nucleation. The scaling relationships between ${f_c}$, ${M_0}$ and the dynamic parameters for runaway ruptures are different from those for self-arresting ruptures. There are obvious boundaries in those scaling relations that distinguish runaway ruptures from self-arresting ruptures. Because the stress drop varies during the rupture and the rupture shape is not circular, Eshelby's analytical solution may be inaccurate for spontaneous dynamic ruptures. For runaway ruptures, the relations between the corner frequency and dynamic parameters coincide with those in the previous kinematic or quasi-dynamic models. For self-arresting ruptures, the scaling relationships are opposite to those for runaway ruptures. Moreover, the relation between ${f_c}$ and ${M_0}$ for a spontaneous dynamic rupture depends on three factors: the dynamic rupture state, the background stress and the nucleation zone size. The scaling between ${f_c}$ and ${M_0}$ is ${f_c} \propto {M_0^{ - n}}$, where n is larger than 0. Earthquakes with the same dimensionless dynamic parameters but different nucleation zone sizes are self-similar and follow a ${f_c} \propto {M_0^{ - 1/3}}$ scaling law. However, if the nucleation zone size does not change, the relation between ${f_c}$ and ${M_0}$ shows a clear departure from self-similarity due to the rupture state or background stress.

scholarly journals Temperature tolerance and energetics: a dynamic energy budget-based comparison of North Atlantic marine species

2010 ◽  
Vol 365 (1557) ◽  
pp. 3553-3565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vânia Freitas ◽  
Joana F. M. F. Cardoso ◽  
Konstadia Lika ◽  
Myron A. Peck ◽  
Joana Campos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Energy Budget ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Life History Strategies ◽  
Dynamic Energy Budget ◽  
Scaling Relationships ◽  
Size Scaling ◽  
Pseudo Data

Temperature tolerance and sensitivity were examined for some North Atlantic marine species and linked to their energetics in terms of species-specific parameters described by dynamic energy budget (DEB) theory. There was a general lack of basic information on temperature tolerance and sensitivity for many species. Available data indicated that the ranges in tolerable temperatures were positively related to optimal growth temperatures. However, no clear relationships with temperature sensitivity were established and no clear differences between pelagic and demersal species were observed. The analysis was complicated by the fact that for pelagic species, experimental data were completely absent and even for well-studied species, information was incomplete and sometimes contradictory. Nevertheless, differences in life-history strategies were clearly reflected in parameter differences between related species. Two approaches were used in the estimation of DEB parameters: one based on the assumption that reserve hardly contributes to physical volume; the other does not make this assumption, but relies on body-size scaling relationships, using parameter values of a generalized animal as pseudo-data. Temperature tolerance and sensitivity seemed to be linked with the energetics of a species. In terms of growth, relatively high temperature optima, sensitivity and/or tolerance were related to lower relative assimilation rates as well as lower maintenance costs. Making the step from limited observations to underlying mechanisms is complicated and extrapolations should be carefully interpreted. Special attention should be devoted to the estimation of parameters using body-size scaling relationships predicted by the DEB theory.

EFFECTS OF BODYWEIGHT ON ENERGY BUDGET OF EPINEPHELUS COIOIDES

2009 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 934-940 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu-Feng PENG ◽  
Yun-Xin WANG ◽  
Fu-Liang YE ◽  
Hai-Fa ZHANG
Keyword(s):  
Energy Budget ◽  
Epinephelus Coioides

Volumes and Surface Areas: Geometries and Scaling Relationships between Coarse- Grained and Atomic Structures

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 1208-1222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Flatow ◽  
Sumudu Leelananda ◽  
Aris Skliros ◽  
Andrzej Kloczkowski ◽  
Robert Jernigan
Keyword(s):  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Atomic Structures ◽  
Scaling Relationships ◽  
Surface Areas

WHAT CAN SUBDUCTION MARGIN LAND- AND SEA-SCAPES TELL US ABOUT THE SYSTEM’S PROCESSES AND ENERGY BUDGET?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele L. Cooke ◽  
◽  
Lucile Bruhat ◽  
Juliet Crider ◽  
Luca C. Malatesta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Budget
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