scholarly journals SIG y Paisajes Virtuales en 3D. Posibilidades de divulgación de la Prehistoria Reciente de la Sierra de Atapuerca

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 141
Author(s):  
Francisco Javier Marcos Sáiz
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Settlement Patterns ◽  
3D Modelling ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
3D Animation ◽  
Technical Process ◽  
Digital Terrain ◽  
Ecological Features ◽  
Terrain Models

<p>Archaeology has developed several theoretical and methodological perspectives with the application of the Geographical Information Systems (GIS), Digital Terrain Models (DTM), Virtual Reality (VR) and the 3D Modelling. In the spreading a gradual progress has begun for mapping the sites on its environmental context with the virtual generation of the topographic and ecological features. The aim of this paper is the analysis of the possibilities of spreading of the settlement patterns in the Late Prehistory around Sierra de Atapuerca (Burgos), VI to II millennium cal. BC-. The technical process is the modelling and 3D animation for video of Virtual Landscapes with GIS. The conclusion is that the Virtual Flying with GIS is a fundamental tool for the graphical spreading of the prehistoric settlement, especially with archaeological sites of surveys.</p>

scholarly journals Production of a Curve Number map using GIS Techniques in the watershed of the high Sebou (Morocco)

2020 ◽  
Vol 150 ◽  
pp. 03003
Author(s):  
Btissam Jabri ◽  
Mohammed Abdelbaset Hessane
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Hydrological Modeling ◽  
Curve Number ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Automatic Extraction ◽  
Drainage Network ◽  
Hydrological Models ◽  
Digital Terrain ◽  
Terrain Models ◽  
In The Beginning

This work focusing on the collection and preparation of necessary data for hydrological modeling of High Sebou watershedupstream of the dam Allal El Fassi. It describes a methodology for combining space technologies, including geographical information systems (GIS), remote sensing and digital terrain models (DTM), with hydrological models with a view to prepare for a spatial hydrologic modeling whose used for flood forecasting. The methodology for conducting this study comes in several parts: The collection and processing of geographic data constituted the first part of this project. This approach is, in the beginning, to automatic extraction of sub-basins and drainage network, then the formatting of data for the mapping of the basin and finally, the preparation of the land use and soil for the development of a map of Curve Number (CN).

scholarly journals Application of the HEC-HMS hydrological model in the Beht watershed (Morocco)

2021 ◽  
Vol 314 ◽  
pp. 05003
Author(s):  
Fatima Daide ◽  
Rachida Afgane ◽  
Abderrahim Lahrach ◽  
Abdel-Ali Chaouni ◽  
Mohamed Msaddek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Curve Number ◽  
Hydrological Modelling ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Automatic Extraction ◽  
Hydrological Models ◽  
Digital Terrain ◽  
Terrain Models ◽  
Land Cover Data ◽  
Daily Time

This work focused on the collection and preparation of the data required for the hydrological modelling of the Beht catchment area, which covers an area of 4560 km2 with a perimeter of 414 km, by combining the various spatial technologies, in particular geographical information systems (GIS), remote sensing, and digital terrain models (DTM), with hydrological models in order to prepare for spatial hydrological modelling used for flood forecasting. The methodology consists, at first, in the automatic extraction of the sub-basins and the drainage network. Then, edit these data using the HEC-GEO-HMS extension, and the preparation of the land use and land cover data for the elaboration of a Curve Number (CN) map of Beht watershed, then the import of the basin model into the Hydrologic Modeling System (HEC-HMS) to simulate the surface runoff using six extreme daily time series events.

scholarly journals Probability maps as a measure of reliability for indivisibility analysis

Spatium ◽  
2005 ◽  
pp. 22-27
Author(s):  
Dusan Joksic ◽  
Branislav Bajat
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Simple Algorithm ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Digital Terrain ◽  
Terrain Models ◽  
Probability Maps ◽  
Systems Software ◽  
Terrain Representation

Digital terrain models (DTMs) represent segments of spatial data bases related to presentation of terrain features and landforms. Square grid elevation models (DEMs) have emerged as the most widely used structure during the past decade because of their simplicity and simple computer implementation. They have become an important segment of Topographic Information Systems (TIS), storing natural and artificial landscape in forms of digital models. This kind of a data structure is especially suitable for morph metric terrain evaluation and analysis, which is very important in environmental and urban planning and Earth surface modeling applications. One of the most often used functionalities of Geographical information systems software packages is indivisibility or view shed analysis of terrain. Indivisibility determination from analog topographic maps may be very exhausting, because of the large number of profiles that have to be extracted and compared. Terrain representation in form of the DEMs databases facilitates this task. This paper describes simple algorithm for terrain view shed analysis by using DEMs database structures, taking into consideration the influence of uncertainties of such data to the results obtained thus far. The concept of probability maps is introduced as a mean for evaluation of results, and is presented as thematic display.

scholarly journals Digital Deforestation: Comparing Automated Approaches to the Production of Digital Terrain Models (DTMs) in Agisoft Metashape

Quaternary ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Matthew D. Howland ◽  
Anthony Tamberino ◽  
Ioannis Liritzis ◽  
Thomas E. Levy
Keyword(s):  
Point Cloud ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Digital Terrain Models ◽  
Digital Terrain ◽  
Terrain Models ◽  
Cloud Classification ◽  
Classification Tool ◽  
Point Cloud Classification ◽  
User Friendly

This paper tests the suitability of automated point cloud classification tools provided by the popular image-based modeling (IBM) software package Agisoft Metashape for the generation of digital terrain models (DTMs) at moderately-vegetated archaeological sites. DTMs are often required for various forms of archaeological mapping and analysis. The suite of tools provided by Agisoft are relatively user-friendly as compared to many point cloud classification algorithms and do not require the use of additional software. Based on a case study from the Mycenaean site of Kastrouli, Greece, the mostly-automated, geometric classification tool “Classify Ground Points” provides the best results and produces a quality DTM that is sufficient for mapping and analysis. Each of the methods tested in this paper can likely be improved through manual editing of point cloud classification.

scholarly journals Recent Geomorphological Evolution and 3D Numerical Modelling of Soft Clastic Rock Cliffs in the Mid-Western Adriatic Sea (Abruzzo, Italy)

Geosciences ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monia Calista ◽  
Francesco Mascioli ◽  
Valeria Menna ◽  
Enrico Miccadei ◽  
Tommaso Piacentini
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Modelling ◽  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Adriatic Sea ◽  
Gravitational Instability ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
3D Modelling ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Middle Pleistocene ◽  
Clastic Rocks ◽  
Geomorphological Evolution

Geomorphological evolution, erosion and retreat processes that affect the rocky coasts of the mid-western Adriatic Sea (Abruzzo, Central Italy) are the subject of this research. This coastal sector, one of the few examples of clastic soft rock coasts in the Mediterranean Sea, is characterized by active, inactive and paleo cliffs, as well as coastal slopes, composed of the clayey-sandy-arenaceous-conglomeratic marine sequence (Early-Middle Pleistocene) covered by continental deposits (Late Pleistocene-Holocene). This study provides geomorphological and 3D modelling stability analyses of the cliffs of Torre Mucchia, Punta Lunga, Punta Ferruccio (Ortona, CH) and Punta Aderci (Vasto, CH), which are popular tourist sites included in natural reserve areas. They are representative of two main types of active cliffs on soft clastic rocks: cliffs on sandstone and cliffs on conglomerate with notches. In order to evaluate the processes and factors that induce cliffs to retreat and their recent evolution, the research was based on a DEM analysis (LIDAR 2 × 2 m data), aerial photos and an orthoimages interpretation, detailed geological–geomorphological surveys, and a structural analysis; field and remote investigations were combined with numerical modelling with a FLAC3D calculation code. Geological and geomorphological field data provided reliable 3D models, and FLAC3D numerical analyses allowed the definition of the most critical and/or failure areas, and the evaluation of the controlling factors, evolution mechanisms of the slopes and the sliding kinematics of gravitational instability phenomena. Different retreat mechanisms have been observed all along the investigated coastal sectors, induced by gravitational processes due to coastal erosion cycles at the foot of the cliffs, and controlled by lithological features and joints systems. The geomorphological analysis combined with the 3D modelling (i) showed that the retreat process of the cliffs is connected to translational slides and rockfalls (cliffs on sandstone), combined rockfalls, and topples (cliffs on conglomerate), largely controlled by main joints; (ii) defined the most critical areas along the cliffs. These results are of great interest in the assessment of hazard connected to potential sliding on the cliffs. Their implementation within Geographical Information Systems provides a valuable contribution to the integrated management of coastal areas, strongly improving the identification and prediction of landscape changes and supporting a new geomorphological hazards assessment, in areas of high tourism, as well as natural and cultural landscape value.

scholarly journals SEMANTIC SEGMENTATION OF MANMADE LANDSCAPE STRUCTURES IN DIGITAL TERRAIN MODELS

2019 ◽  
Vol IV-2/W7 ◽  
pp. 87-94
Author(s):  
B. Kazimi ◽  
F. Thiemann ◽  
M. Sester
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Semantic Segmentation ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Digital Terrain Models ◽  
Digital Terrain ◽  
Terrain Models ◽  
The Neural Network ◽  
Multidimensional Matrices ◽  
Rgb Images

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> We explore the use of semantic segmentation in Digital Terrain Models (DTMS) for detecting manmade landscape structures in archaeological sites. DTM data are stored and processed as large matrices of depth 1 as opposed to depth 3 in RGB images. The matrices usually contain continuous real-valued information upper bound of which is not fixed, such as distance or height from a reference surface. This is different from RGB images that contain integer values in a fixed range of 0 to 255. Additionally, RGB images are usually stored in smaller multidimensional matrices, and are more suitable as inputs for a neural network while the large DTMs are necessary to be split into smaller sub-matrices to be used by neural networks. Thus, while the spatial information of pixels in RGB images are important only locally within a single image, for DTM data, they are important locally, within a single sub-matrix processed for neural network, and also globally, in relation to the neighboring sub-matrices. To cope with the two differences, we apply min-max normalization to each input matrix fed to the neural network, and use a slightly modified version of DeepLabv3+ model for semantic segmentation. We show that with the architecture change, and the preprocessing, better results are achieved.</p>

scholarly journals METHODS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR AERIAL SURVEYING AND GROUND PHOTOGRAMMETRIC SURVEYS FOR ARCHAEOLOGICAL PURPOSES

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 75-82
Author(s):  
V.M. Kurkov ◽  
◽  
T.N. Skripitsina ◽  
A.Yu. Sozonova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information Technologies ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Digital Camera ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
State University ◽  
Digital Terrain ◽  
Terrain Models ◽  
Close Range

This article we consider methods and technologies of unmanned aerial surveying and close-range photogrammetric survey as applied for archeological research. We summed up the practical experience of the specialists of the Moscow State University of Geodesy and Cartography (MIIGAiK), obtained with the participation in the Bosporus archaeological expedition of the State Historical Museum on the Taman Peninsula in 2018–20. During the 3 expeditions, 18 archaeological sites were surveyed by aerial methods using UAV Geoscan 101 Geodesy and UAS DJI Phantom 4 Pro. In addition to aerial surveying, the Canon 30D digital camera with 50 mm and 14 mm focal lengths was used for groundbased, close-range photogrammetric surveys of archaeological sites. Some sites were surveyed many times during different periods of archaeological research. At all surveyed archaeological sites using photogrammetric processing methods at the Agisoft Metashape software we received survey documents (orthophoto, digital terrain models, 3D models). For some artifacts, three-dimensional metric models have been obtained using digital photogrammetry methods. Various methods of aerial surveying were used to study archaeological sites. The article gives recommendations on optimization of photography process in order to obtain reliable and informative documents for archaeological excavations. Comparison and analysis of aerial and close-range survey data was performed by the QGIS geographic information system. The information obtained using geo-information technologies will improve the quality and reliability of forecasts and hypotheses in archaeological studies.

scholarly journals BIG DATA IN LANDSCAPE ARCHAEOLOGICAL PROSPECTION

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Torrejón Valdelomar ◽  
Mario Wallner ◽  
Immo Trinks ◽  
Matthias Kucera ◽  
Nika Luznik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Paper Briefly ◽  
Wide Audience ◽  
Archaeological Prospection ◽  
Virtual Archaeology ◽  
Non Invasive

While traditionally archaeological research has mainly been focused on individual cultural heritage monuments or distinct archaeological sites, the Austrian based Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Archaeological Prospection and Virtual Archaeology goes beyond the limitations of discrete sites in order to understand their archaeological context. This is achieved by investigating the space in-between the sites, studying entire archaeological landscapes from the level of individual postholes to the mapping of numerous square kilometres. This large-scale, high-resolution, multi-method prospection approach leads to enormous digital datasets counting many terabytes of data that until recently were technically not manageable. Novel programs and methods of data management had to be developed for data acquisition, processing and archaeological interpretation, in order to permit the extraction of the desired information from the very big amount of data. The analysis of the generated datasets is conducted with the help of semi-automatic algorithms within complex three-, or even four-dimensional geographical information systems. The outcome of landscape archaeological prospection surveys is visually communicated to the scientific community as well as to the general public and stakeholders. In many cases, a visualization of the scientific result and archaeological interpretations can be a powerful and suitable tool to illustrate and communicate even complex contexts to a wide audience. This paper briefly presents the great potential offered by a combination of large-scale non-invasive archaeological prospection methods and standardized workflows for the integration of big data, its interpretation and visualization. The proposed approach provides a context for buried archaeology across entire archaeological landscapes, changing our understanding of known monuments. We address the overcome and remaining challenges with the help of examples taken from outstanding landscape archaeological prospection case studies.

scholarly journals Using the USSR General Staff maps to determine the geographical coordinates in archeology

2021 ◽  
pp. 72-82
Author(s):  
S.B. Bolelov ◽  
M.M. Kovrizhkina ◽  
G.Yu. Kolganova ◽  
M.G. Nickiforov ◽  
G.P. Semikopenko
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Google Earth ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Random Errors ◽  
General Staff ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Ca 50 ◽  
Almost All

The main problem of archaeological plans drawn in the mid-20th century is that almost all of them have poor accuracy of spatial localisation of objects. Simple estimates show that the error relatively to the actual position of the site can reach several hundred meters on the Earth surface. Because of this, only large, well-preserved ob-jects can be identified using archaeological plans. If the monument is small and poorly preserved, then it is im-possible to distinguish it among modern buildings. This is especially critical if the search radius, which depends on the error in the archaeological plan, reaches 300–500 meters [Bolelov et al. 2019]. This situation complicates creation of modern accurate maps and geographical information systems. To specify the position of the monu-ments, we propose using maps of the General Staff of the USSR (GS), which contain the location details of a large number of archaeological sites. According to our estimate, the GS maps have an error of ca. 50 meters, which significantly reduces the search area. The idea is that, first, the site on the archaeological plan must be identified with the object on the map of the GS, and then the GS coordinates (SK-42) need to be recalculated to the WGS-84 ones of Google Earth. A simple method of conversion from the SK-42 coordinate system to WGS-84 and vice versa in the form of additive corrections to geographical coordinates is proposed. Estimates of random errors have been obtained, which are caused by the error in compiling and analysing the maps. Although numeri-cal estimates have been obtained for the territory of historical Khorezm, it is most likely that the same transforma-tions are applicable to other territories. The described technique has been successfully applied to the archaeo-logical sites of the Yakke-Parsan Channel, which, according to the map of E.E. Nerazik [2013, fig. 14], comprises 20 monuments. Of them, only six largest structures had an accurate identification. As a result of the research, we found and identified seven objects more. The comparison of coordinates made possible the preliminary identifica-tions, and final identifications were made after comparing the appearance of the objects with architectural plans. Other sites have not been found because they have not been preserved to our time. Nevertheless, the GS maps allow obtaining accurate coordinates of the lost monuments.

GIS—Democracy or Delusion?

1998 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
M J Clark
Keyword(s):  
Information Management ◽  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Public Utilities ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Information Flows ◽  
Technical Process ◽  
Data Ethics ◽  
Usable Information ◽  
The One ◽  
The Uk

Geographical information systems (GIS) are potentially powerful devices for integrating, manipulating, and communicating information, and are acknowledged to be vulnerable to the abuse of that power. A significant debate during the 1990s has challenged GIS users to respond to the suggestion that their technology is restrictive, elitist, and antisocial. In practice, the response from the GIS profession has been muted, and the paper therefore comments on the way in which professional GIS implementation might be interpreted from different perspectives. Comparisons are drawn between analytical GIS in post-Apartheid South Africa and operational GIS in the UK public utilities. GIS is shown to be an operational or decision support engine fuelled by information flows, and in creating the organisational pathways to support these flows it unlocks gateways the defence of which has traditionally underpinned the authority of management and government. A dilemma thus emerges. On the one hand, GIS has unprecedented power to disseminate access to usable information. On the other hand, it still supports a division which generates a technocratic elite. It is suggested that information democracy lies not in information flow as a technical process, but in information management. As a consequence, it is concluded that a code of data ethics may be at least partially effective in allowing a professional response to the critics of GIS.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document