scholarly journals District heating and cogeneration in the EU-28: Current situation, potential and proposed energy strategy for its generalisation

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 107
Author(s):  
Enrique Rosales-Asensio ◽  
David Borge-Diez
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Energy Strategy ◽  
Horizon 2020 ◽  
Major Player ◽  
Heating Networks ◽  
The Eu

<p class="Textoindependiente21"><span lang="EN-US">Yearly, EU-28 conventional thermal generating plants reject a greater amount of energy than what ultimately is utilised by residential and commercial loads for heating and hot water. If this waste heat were to be used through district heating networks, given a previous energy valorisation, there would be a noticeable decrease in imported fossil fuels for heating. As a consequence, benefits in the form of an energy efficiency increase, an energy security improvement, and a minimisation of emitted greenhouse gases would occur. Given that it is not expected for heat demand to decrease significantly in the medium term, district heating networks show the greatest potential for the development of cogeneration. However, to make this happen, some barriers that are far from being technological but are mostly institutional and financial need to be removed. The purpose of this review is to provide information on the potential of using waste heat from conventional thermal power plants (subsequently converted into cogeneration plants) in district heating networks located in the EU-28. For this, a preliminary assessment is conducted in order to show an estimate of the cost of adopting an energy strategy in which district heating networks are a major player of the energy mix. From this assessment, it is possible to see that even though the energy strategy proposed in this paper, which is based on a dramatic increase in the joint use of district heating networks and cogeneration, is capital-intensive and would require an annual investment of roughly 300 billion euros, its adoption would result in a reduction of yearly fuel expenses in the order of 100 billion euros and a shortening of about 15% of the total final energy consumption, which makes it of paramount interest as an enabler of the legal basis of the “Secure, Clean and Efficient Energy” future enacted by the EU-28 Horizon 2020.</span></p>

scholarly journals RELaTED Project: New Developments on Ultra-Low Temperature District Heating Networks

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Antonio Garrido Marijuan ◽  
Roberto Garay ◽  
Mikel Lumbreras ◽  
Víctor Sánchez ◽  
Olga Macias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Thermal Systems ◽  
Heating Source ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Thermal Sources ◽  
Heating Networks

District heating networks deliver around 13% of the heating energy in the EU, being considered as a key element of the progressive decarbonization of Europe. The H2020 REnewable Low TEmperature District project (RELaTED) seeks to contribute to the energy decarbonization of these infrastructures through the development and demonstration of the following concepts: reduction in network temperature down to 50 °C, integration of renewable energies and waste heat sources with a novel substation concept, and improvement on building-integrated solar thermal systems. The coupling of renewable thermal sources with ultra-low temperature district heating (DH) allows for a bidirectional energy flow, using the DH as both thermal storage in periods of production surplus and a back-up heating source during consumption peaks. The ultra-low temperature enables the integration of a wide range of energy sources such as waste heat from industry. Furthermore, RELaTED also develops concepts concerning district heating-connected reversible heat pump systems that allow to reach adequate thermal levels for domestic hot water as well as the use of the network for district cooling with high performance. These developments will be demonstrated in four locations: Estonia, Serbia, Denmark, and Spain.

Study on the Comprehensive Program of Heat Pump Technology Recycling Thermal Power Plants Circulating Water Heat

2013 ◽  
Vol 313-314 ◽  
pp. 759-762
Author(s):  
Yun Feng Ma ◽  
Yan Xiang Liu ◽  
Tao Ji
Keyword(s):  
Heat Pump ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Thermal Power Plants ◽  
Domestic Hot Water ◽  
Circulating Water ◽  
Central Heating

In order to fully recycle power plant’s circulatingwater heat, improve the thermal efficiency and protect the environment, thispaper designs the comprehensive scheme of heat pumptechnology recycling power plant’s circulating water heat, including theboiler mae-up water pre-heating system, the central heating circulatingsystem and the domestic hot water circulating system, which not only run at thesame time but also function independently. Even in non-heating seasons,the waste heat of circulating water can be utilized fully. It is worthmentioning that this paper puts forward to install climate compensationdevice in the central heating system, which can perform intelligent district timesharing control to meet different users’ needs.

Thermal Effects of Nuclear Power Stations

1974 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 188-195
Author(s):  
G. Bethlendy
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Effects ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Nuclear Power Plants ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Before And After

Abstract Even with the latest technology, more than 60% of the heat produced by any thermal engine - whether the fuel is coal, oil, gas or uranium - must be taken back into the environment by cooling water or exhaust gas. For economical reasons, the usual means of disposing of the “waste” heat from a thermal-power plant is to pump river, lake or sea water through the parts of the plant concerned. Nuclear power plants use their heat as efficiently as older thermal plants, 30–33%. Modern thermal plants, however work with as high as 40% efficiency, and release about 10–13% of their total fuel-heat into the air through the stack. As a result of the combination of all these factors, nuclear power plants release about 68–70% of total input heat into the cooling water. In practice this means that the plant must be able to draw upon a source of cooling water which is large enough, which flows quickly or is cold enough not to be seriously effected by the return of warmed-up water from the power station. Where this is not possible, it may be necessary to build relatively expensive cooling ponds and/or towers so that the heat is also released to the air rather than only to a local body of water. The thermal effects could be detrimental or beneficial depending on the utilization of the water body. At the present time the utilities are aware of these problems and very extensive aquatic studies are being made before and after the construction of the plants. Some beneficial uses of waste heat are being sought via research and demonstration projects (e.g. in agriculture, aquaculture, district heating, etc.).

A technical note investigating the combination boiler market as a proxy for a simple thermal quality of service standard in heat interface units

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 627-637
Author(s):  
Huw Blackwell
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Technical Note ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Domestic Hot Water ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Heating Networks

Heat interface units used in district heating networks provide very similar services to those expected from domestic gas boilers. As heat interface units become more common, it is becoming clear that heat interface units are often oversized. This technical note aims to review and summarise the technical specification of equipment typically available from combination boiler (also known as combi boilers) manufacturers in the UK. This includes thermal outputs and flow rate limitations, particularly those associated with domestic hot water production. It is proposed for use as an equivalent typical minimum domestic hot water flow rate and maximum thermal power benchmark for domestic hot water production by heat interface units, which are utilised in the equivalent role in the communal and district heating market. The aim is to prevent extensive oversizing of heat interface units, thereby reducing capital costs, pipe sizes and improving efficiency on district and communal heating networks. Practical application: This technical note proposes a DHW quality of service standard based on a review of the UK heating system market (specifically the combination boiler market) and water consumption restrictions arising from Building Regulations. This may be used to define an equivalent maximum thermal power and minimum service flow rate when specifying heat interface units used in residential communal heating systems and district heating systems.

scholarly journals Possibilities of Using Industrial Waste Heat for Heating Greenhouses in Northern Greece

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 116 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Vourdoubas
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Northern Greece ◽  
District Heating System ◽  
Industrial Waste Heat

The possibility of using the rejected heat from lignite-fired power plants for heating greenhouses in northern Greece has been examined. Although currently industrial waste heat is used for district heating in a few towns in Greece, its use in agriculture has not been reported so far. Due to many environmental and economic benefits symbiosis of industrial and agricultural activities is promoted in many countries. Greenhouses in northern Greece utilize mainly natural gas as heating fuel. However heat recovery from the existing power plants and its use in greenhouses could increase their energy efficiency and reduce the thermal pollution. It will also decrease the use of fossil fuels in greenhouses and the resulting carbon emissions as well. Their heating requirements have been estimated at 170 W/m2 and the required hot water temperatures are 50-60 oC below the required water temperature in district heating systems, at 120 oC. Currently the price of heat sold in the district heating system in the town of Kozani is 0.0435 €/KWh, which is very attractive for heating greenhouses compared with other existing methods or fuels. It has been estimated that the heat recovery from the power plants at 70 MWth could cover the heating needs of 41.2 ha of modern agricultural greenhouses in northern Greece. Recycling of industrial waste heat in greenhouses in northern Greece, apart from the resulting environmental benefits, will offer a competitive advantage, increasing the profitability of those enterprises.

scholarly journals Local Heating Networks with Waste Heat Utilization: Low or Medium Temperature Supply?

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 954 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanne Kauko ◽  
Daniel Rohde ◽  
Armin Hafner
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Local Heating ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Local Network ◽  
Medium Temperature

District heating enables an economical use of energy sources that would otherwise be wasted to cover the heating demands of buildings in urban areas. For efficient utilization of local waste heat and renewable heat sources, low distribution temperatures are of crucial importance. This study evaluates a local heating network being planned for a new building area in Trondheim, Norway, with waste heat available from a nearby ice skating rink. Two alternative supply temperature levels have been evaluated with dynamic simulations: low temperature (40 °C), with direct utilization of waste heat and decentralized domestic hot water (DHW) production using heat pumps; and medium temperature (70 °C), applying a centralized heat pump to lift the temperature of the waste heat. The local network will be connected to the primary district heating network to cover the remaining heat demand. The simulation results show that with a medium temperature supply, the peak power demand is up to three times higher than with a low temperature supply. This results from the fact that the centralized heat pump lifts the temperature for the entire network, including space and DHW heating demands. With a low temperature supply, heat pumps are applied only for DHW production, which enables a low and even electricity demand. On the other hand, with a low temperature supply, the district heating demand is high in the wintertime, in particular if the waste heat temperature is low. The choice of a suitable supply temperature level for a local heating network is hence strongly dependent on the temperature of the available waste heat, but also on the costs and emissions related to the production of district heating and electricity in the different seasons.

scholarly journals Planned redesign of beehive coke ovens for pollution control and power generation

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Binay Kumar Samanta ◽  
Manish Kumar Jain
Keyword(s):  
Pollution Control ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Coal Tar ◽  
Coke Oven ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Suspended Particulate ◽  
Wet Scrubbing ◽  
Coke Ovens

Fossil fuel based thermal power or ovens not only exude greenhouse gases and pollutants but transfer enormous amount of waste heat up in air. Heat gets enveloped in the stratosphere and circulate around the earth; escalating global warming. France, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Austria, Andorra, Luxembourg, Poland and Germany made it the hottest June on record in 2019. Around 50 coke ovens around Dhanbad are losing and facing closure, with fate of employees doomed. Jharkhand State Pollution Control Board, Dhanbad had been issuing letters to the small-scale refractory and beehive hard coke-ovens to bring down stack gas emissions to below 150mg/Nm3 of suspended particulate matter (SPM), equivalent to the standards of large thermal power plants, deploying electrostatic precipitators (ESP). Some locally made pollution control devices were deployed, but these reduced the chimney draft and coking time increased. Installation of wet scrubbing methods would not be economic and slow down production. With experience as the Manager of a by-product coke oven, the chimney detour method with mechanical exhauster suggested for beehive coke oven. Proposed design not only can generate power, but also trap pollutants by a kind of wet scrubbing and produce byproducts like coal tar. Various associations of small-scale hard coke ovens and refractory industries had approached The Institution of Engineers (India), Dhanbad Local Centre. In this paper, the authors briefly present how waste heat can be converted to power, while absorbing pollutants in hydraulic main in the unique chimney detour method and producing coal tar, exuding clean gas.

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