scholarly journals Policy priority objectives: comparative assessment in four European cities

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Alonso Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Transport System ◽  
Urban Sprawl ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Economic Decline ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
European Cities ◽  
Policy Objectives ◽  
Policy Priority

Sustainability must be an urban issue. Cities should be managed so as to minimize their impacts on environment, but providing an appropriate framework for economic and social development. However, European cities are facing some trends that threaten sustainable development. The aim of the EC research project INSIGHT-7FP (2013/16) is to develop appropriate management tools that can help to achieve sustainability in the context of European cities. In the project, a set of policy objectives have been designed for the management of urban areas, in order to face the main threats existing over cities. The paper presents a methodology based on indicators for analysing the progress towards these ten policy objectives in the four EU cities participating in the project: London (12.3 mill. inhab.), Madrid (6.4 mill. inhab.), Barcelona (5.4 mill. inhab.) and Rotterdam (1.4 mill. inhab.). All the indicators used in the analysis have been validated by ten policy makers of European cities. These policy makers participated on the stakeholders consultation carried out in the project, where the importance of the policy objectives proposed was also assessed. The paper concludes determining the policy priority objectives in each city, in order to contain the main threats existing over them: London should especially address the threats of social exclusion and transport inefficiency; Madrid the threats of economic decline and urban sprawl; Barcelona the economic decline and Rotterdam the contribution to climate change and the urban sprawl. Finally, the role played by the land use and transport system in these policy objectives is analysed. To this end, the assessment allows for the comparability of the results in a horizontal manner, in the basis of common indicators. Nearly half of these indicators are related to the land use and transport system of the cities.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CIT2016.2016.4091

Land Use Policy and Urban Sprawl in Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 331-349
Author(s):  
Waziri Babatunde Adisa
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Urban Sprawl ◽  
Land Use Policy ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Urban And Regional Planning ◽  
Land Administration ◽  
Land Use Policies ◽  
Private Investors ◽  
Land Policies

Land use policy is central to the development of urban life and the emergence of cities. In many developed capitalist societies, both the planning and expansion of the cities are usually anchored on sustainable urban land policies such that the growth of urban sprawl is effectively controlled. In most developing countries, land use policies are not only disparate, they are usually not connected to the growth of cities because policy makers are after the money they could make from private investors. This chapter argues that though the coming of the Land Use Act 1978 ended the era of disparate land law regimes, it has, over the years, sealed the control of urban lands to state governors, a development that has created massive corruption and arbitrariness in the allocation and utilization of urban lands. This approach to land administration has also hindered effective and sustainable urban and regional planning in many Nigerian cities. This study suggests the review of the 1978 Land Use Act and effective utilization of modern technologies in the monitoring of urban sprawls.

scholarly journals Urban Sprawl Assessment and Its Effect on Land Use Transformation in Varanasi City using Remote Sensing and GIS

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 1056-1061
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Urban Sprawl ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Gis And Remote Sensing ◽  
Land Use Transformation ◽  
Vegetation Water ◽  
Almost All

This paper seeks to examine the effect of urbanization on changes in land use in the peri-urban areas of Varanasi city in India. The area of study is divided into six different classes of land use: built-up area, agriculture, vegetation, water bodies, sand and other land use. Using the maximum likelihood technique, Landsat 5 TM satellite data were used to identify land use and land cover changes from 1996 to 2017. The findings indicate a substantial increase in the built-up area, associated with reduced water and other land use cover. The urban sprawl is observed in almost all directions from the city boundaries, and along highways. Shannon’s entropy analysis reveals dispersed distribution of built-up area. The approach based on GIS and remote sensing data, together with statistical analysis, has proved instrumental in the analysis of urban expansion. It also helps to identify priority areas that require adequate planning for sustainable development.

scholarly journals Site-Value Taxation of Real Estate and Land Use at the Rural-Urban Fringe

1980 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-110
Author(s):  
Patty T. Jones ◽  
Donald J. Epp
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Real Estate ◽  
Urban Sprawl ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Fringe ◽  
National Commission ◽  
Vacant Land ◽  
Real Property ◽  
Single Level ◽  
Urban Problems

Urban sprawl occurs around cities in this country despite the fact that the central portions of our urban areas contain much underused and vacant land in the form of slums, low-rise buildings, single-level parking lots and vacant land. The National Commission on Urban Problems studied the 106 largest U.S. cities and found that 34 percent of the land inside these cities was not being used (Cowan, et al.). Other studies have shown similar findings. Many economists and urban planners claim that this country's tax treatment of real property is one of the major causes of this underuse of urban land.

scholarly journals Experiment in Finding Look-Alike European Cities Using Urban Atlas Data

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 406
Author(s):  
Zdena Dobesova
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Data Mining ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Land Use Patterns ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
European Cities ◽  
Trained Neural Network

The integration of geography and machine learning can produce novel approaches in addressing a variety of problems occurring in natural and human environments. This article presents an experiment that identifies cities that are similar according to their land use data. The article presents interesting preliminary experiments with screenshots of maps from the Czech map portal. After successfully working with the map samples, the study focuses on identifying cities with similar land use structures. The Copernicus European Urban Atlas 2012 was used as a source dataset (data valid years 2015–2018). The Urban Atlas freely offers land use datasets of nearly 800 functional urban areas in Europe. To search for similar cities, a set of maps detailing land use in European cities was prepared in ArcGIS. A vector of image descriptors for each map was subsequently produced using a pre-trained neural network, known as Painters, in Orange software. As a typical data mining task, the nearest neighbor function analyzes these descriptors according to land use patterns to find look-alike cities. Example city pairs based on land use are also presented in this article. The research question is whether the existing pre-trained neural network outside cartography is applicable for categorization of some thematic maps with data mining tasks such as clustering, similarity, and finding the nearest neighbor. The article’s contribution is a presentation of one possible method to find cities similar to each other according to their land use patterns, structures, and shapes. Some of the findings were surprising, and without machine learning, could not have been evident through human visual investigation alone.

scholarly journals New Generation of Bike-Sharing Systems in China: Lessons for European Cities

2019 ◽  
pp. 25-42
Author(s):  
Tomasz Bieliński ◽  
Agnieszka Ważna
Keyword(s):  
Urban Sprawl ◽  
Scientific Method ◽  
European Market ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Chinese Enterprises ◽  
European Cities ◽  
Bike Sharing ◽  
New Generation

Rising mobility of societies and the urban sprawl cause the need to shape passengers’ behaviour accordingly. For urbanised areas, the biggest challenge is to overcome the problem of dominant private cars usage. Bike-sharing systems are considered to be a successful tool for the popularisation of alternative ways of travelling.Recently Chinese companies have developed new solutions to bike-sharing systems that proved to be successful in China and could be implemented in Europe. However, their implementation will be associated with challenges for municipal authorities and companies conducting the business. The aim of the paper is to identify major advantages and challenges resulting from the implementation of the Chinese solutions in Europe or expansion of bike-sharing companies to Europe.The scientific method used in the paper is the case study of the Chinese bike-sharing market with the special focus on market leaders Mobike and Ofo. Despite existing obstacles, it is possible to succeed in introducing the new generation of bike-sharing systems in Europe. As Chinese enterprises have already entered the European market, it is crucial to make policy makers aware of the obstructions.

scholarly journals URBAN SPRAWL IN MALAYSIA: EVIDENCES FROM THREE LARGEST METROPOLITAN AREAS

2009 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamalunlaili Abdullah ◽  
Mohd. Zulhafidz Yahaya ◽  
Mohd Zuwairi Yunus ◽  
Mohd Shakir Md Ali Safudin
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Economic Growth ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Urban Sprawl ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
The United States ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Kuala Lumpur ◽  
Rapid Economic Growth

Urban sprawl is a one of the most pressing issues confronting urban development in the developed as well as developing countries. Much research had been done on the trend of urban sprawl and its negative consequences in established cities in the United States, Europe and Australia. This paper analyzes the phenomenon in the three largest metropolitan areas in Malaysia, namely Kuala Lumpur, Penang and Johor Bharu Metropolitan Areas. Using population and land use as main variables, it argues that suburban expansion and the resulting urban sprawl has been occurring in these metropolitan areas since 1970 and has intensified since the late 1980s due to the rapid economic growth brought by industrialization. It calls for more sustainable approach in the planning and management of urban areas in Malaysia.

scholarly journals Modeling Urban Growth and Land Use Transition Using SLEUTH Model: The Case of Dilla City, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanit Mekonnen ◽  
Abel Hailu
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Urban Sprawl ◽  
Urban Growth ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Input Image ◽  
Urban Transport ◽  
Growth Trend ◽  
Land Use Transition ◽  
Sleuth Model

Abstract Urban growth / urban sprawl are the extension of a residential region into the surrounding area. The negative face of urban development is urban sprawl, criticizing the cause of environmental deterioration, growing inequality and diminishing the viability of aesthetic and urban areas. An effective and efficient planning of urban development and changes in land use and its effects on the environment needs, among other important details, details on development trends and patterns. Over the years, several models of urban growth have been developed and used to predict trends of growth. SLEUTH models are used to simulate and predict urban growth and land use transition for 2020-2050 in the City of Dilla (Ethiopia) in the analysis of Geographic Information System (GIS). The word SLEUTH was derived from the model's input image specifications: slope, land cover, exclusion, urban, transport, and Hill shade. Input data preparation used a cumulative time series dataset of 30 years, i.e. 1989, 1999, 2009 and 2019, such as historical topographical maps and satellite imagery. The SLEUTH model uses the parameters of the best fit growth rule by narrowing coefficients in the calibration mode and passing them down to forecast potential urban growth trends, creating different probability maps and LULC maps. The models generated future urban growth pattern predicted in the 31 years' from 2019, there will be nearly 41.14% urban rise in 2020, 52.95% in 2030, 59.91% in 2040 and 64.30% in 2050. In general, the extension of the urban growth trend introduces new spreading centers that are indicative of urban growth.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Post Socialist Spatial Development of the Functional Urban Area of Veszprém, Hungary

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 33-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera Iváncsics ◽  
Krisztina Filepné Kovács
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Urban Sprawl ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Sustainable Land Use ◽  
Nature Protection ◽  
Important Trend ◽  
Urban Rural

Abstract The post-socialist era resulted remarkable changes in urban landscape in Eastern Europe and in Hungary. The special circumstances caused moderate level of urbanisation and special patterns of urban sprawl, traceable in land use changes. The urban sprawl and suburbanisation became an important trend around smaller Hungarian cities as well. Regulators are eager to rule the evolution of spaces, however, it is hard to control all aspects of land use. The research presented in this paper shows the dynamics of new artificial areas with the help of land use changes from the Corine Database for the functional urban area around Veszprém and attempts to find the most important policy responses to the growing artificial surfaces after transition. The research questions are: What are the most important trends in changing in-built areas in a small city after the transition? What kind of new artificial areas appeared and where are they situated? Were the land use plans and nature protection effective tools for manage urban sprawl? With the help of Corine land use changes between 1990-2018 the most important spatial changes are shown, and the different peri-urban areas are compared around the core town. Attention is drawn to the importance of regulation for sustainable land use and protection of resources. It also highlights the importance of the regulatory power of municipalities. Changes in the environment of Veszprém may give inspiration for the rethinking the relationship of urban-rural, and catchment area and core town.

scholarly journals URBANISATION AND THE CONCERNS FOR FOOD SECURITY IN MALAYSIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (13) ◽  
Author(s):  
Azizan Marzuki ◽  
Ahmad Sahir Jais
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Urban Sprawl ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Food Imports

Urbanization is an effect of population growth. Increasing population contributed to the expanding of urban areas as cities try to accommodate more people within a minimal landscape. Urbanization takes up valuable land, sometimes productive agricultural land that feeds the population. The objectives of this paper are to investigate the connection between urban sprawl and its impact on agricultural productivity, and ultimately whether it affects food security in Malaysia. For this qualitative exploratory review exercise, a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) of secondary data was employed as the base for this study. Data mining techniques were used to gather relevant literature that included archival data, academic writings, and publications. The data are then dissected, analysed, and clustered using Atlas ti 8 software, focusing on thematic analysis. Urbanisation did affect the self-sufficiency level (SSL) of Malaysian food security, especially on landintensive food products such as vegetables and livestock. Recent government initiatives such as urban farming, land use policies were promoted to reduce the differences in food imports, ensuring Malaysian food security to be at an acceptable level. Significant development of this population dense proximity has created urban sprawl beyond the city limits, taking up valuable land space. Land-use conversion from agricultural land in Malaysia has been studied regarding its adverse effects on agricultural production. Urbanization therefore does affect food security through the land conversion of agricultural lands.

scholarly journals URBAN SPRAWL IN MALAYSIA: EVIDENCES FROM THREE LARGEST METROPOLITAN AREAS

2009 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamalunlaili Abdullah ◽  
Mohd. Zulhafidz Yahaya ◽  
Mohd Zuwairi Yunus ◽  
Mohd Shakir Md Ali Safudin
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Economic Growth ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Urban Sprawl ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
The United States ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Kuala Lumpur ◽  
Rapid Economic Growth

Urban sprawl is a one of the most pressing issues confronting urban development in the developed as well as developing countries. Much research had been done on the trend of urban sprawl and its negative consequences in established cities in the United States, Europe and Australia. This paper analyzes the phenomenon in the three largest metropolitan areas in Malaysia, namely Kuala Lumpur, Penang and Johor Bharu Metropolitan Areas. Using population and land use as main variables, it argues that suburban expansion and the resulting urban sprawl has been occurring in these metropolitan areas since 1970 and has intensified since the late 1980s due to the rapid economic growth brought by industrialization. It calls for more sustainable approach in the planning and management of urban areas in Malaysia.

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