scholarly journals Assessment of working memory capacity with a Japanese version of the Operation Span Test

2014 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akihiro Kobayashi ◽  
Matia Okubo
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Working Memory Capacity ◽  
Japanese Version ◽  
Memory Capacity ◽  
Operation Span ◽  
Span Test

Phonological short-term memory, working memory and foreign language performance in intensive language learning

2008 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
JUDIT KORMOS ◽  
ANNA SÁFÁR
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Working Memory Capacity ◽  
Memory Capacity ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Digit Span Test ◽  
Span Test

In our research we addressed the question what the relationship is between phonological short-term and working memory capacity and performance in an end-of-year reading, writing, listening, speaking and use of English test. The participants of our study were 121 secondary school students aged 15–16 in the first intensive language training year of a bilingual education program in Hungary. The participants performed a non-word repetition test and took a Cambridge First Certificate Exam. Fifty students were also tested with a backward digit span test, measuring their working memory capacity. Our study indicates that phonological short-term memory capacity plays a different role in the case of beginners and pre-intermediate students in intensive language learning. The backward digit span test correlated very highly with the overall English language competence, as well as with reading, listening, speaking and use of English (vocabulary and grammar) test scores.

scholarly journals Investigating the mediating effect of working memory on intentional forgetting in dysphoria

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saima Noreen ◽  
Richard Cooke ◽  
Nathan Ridout
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Working Memory Capacity ◽  
Memory Capacity ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Memory Training ◽  
Operation Span ◽  
Intentional Forgetting ◽  
Memory Resources ◽  
Additional Explanation ◽  
Subclinical Depression

Our aim was to determine if deficits in intentional forgetting that are associated with depression and dysphoria (subclinical depression) could be explained by variations in working memory capacity. Sixty dysphoric and 61 non-dysphoric participants completed a modified version of the think/no-think (TNT) task and a measure of complex working memory (the operation span task). The TNT task involved participants learning a series of emotional cue-target word pairs. They were then presented with a series of the cues and asked to either recall the associated target or to prevent it from coming to mind (by thinking about a substitute word). Participants were subsequently asked to recall the targets to all cues (regardless of previous recall instructions). As expected, we found that dysphoric individuals exhibited impaired forgetting relative to the non-dysphoric participants. Also as expected, we found that greater working memory capacity was associated with more successful forgetting. Critically, we found that working memory capacity mediated the effect of depression on intentional forgetting. That is, depression influenced forgetting indirectly via its effect on working memory, perhaps reducing the amount of available working memory resources that could be applied to the suppression of the memories. These findings are important as they provide an additional explanation for the finding of impaired forgetting in depression and also suggest that working memory training might be a viable intervention for improving the ability of depressed individuals to prevent unwanted memories from coming to mind.

scholarly journals How do Individual Differences in Attention Control and Working Memory Capacity Relate to Monitoring Automation?

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 1409-1413
Author(s):  
Cyrus K. Foroughi ◽  
Ericka Rovira ◽  
Kaley Rose ◽  
DaShawn Davis ◽  
Jaritzel J. Jurado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Working Memory Capacity ◽  
Memory Capacity ◽  
Attention Control ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Significant Positive Relationship ◽  
Operation Span ◽  
Saccade Task

With the proliferation of automated tasks, software, and systems, humans are moving from an active participant in the function of a task to a passive monitor of an automated system that is completing that task. Unfortunately, humans are not well-suited for monitoring roles and there is a need to better understand the factors involved when humans successfully identify when an automated system fails. The goal for this research was to determine whether individual differences in attention control (as measured by the anti-saccade task) and working memory capacity (as measured by the shortened operation span) related to an individual’s ability to detect automation failures. In experiment 1, there was a significant positive relationship ( r = .31) between scores on the anti-saccade task and the number of automation failures that participants detected. In experiment 2, there was a significant positive relationship ( r = .32) between scores on the shortened operation span and the number of automation failures that participants’ detected. The results suggest that certain individuals are better suited for detecting automation failures. Selecting for these individuals may be a fruitful endeavor as automated systems continue to grow across society.

Individual Differences in Working Memory Capacity in Recency Effects: From the Recall Process

2009 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 545-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Sasaki
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Predictive Power ◽  
Working Memory Capacity ◽  
Memory Capacity ◽  
Recall Accuracy ◽  
Recency Effects ◽  
Span Test ◽  
Backward Recall

The purpose was to investigate the role of individual differences in working memory capacity in recency effects on free, forward, and backward recall tasks. In Exp. 1, correlations between scores on a listening-span test and recall accuracy of recent items were positive and significant under all conditions. This result suggested participants with large working memory capacity are likely to show a stronger recency effect. Predictive power of the listening-span test was still significant after the word-span score was partialled out. In Exp. 2, the predictive power of the listening-span test scores was not significant when a delay was introduced between study and recall phases. Analysis suggested participants with a larger working memory capacity, and particularly with higher cognitive function, were sensitive to the recollection process.

scholarly journals Complementary Correlational Profiles between Slow Wave Brain Oscillations and Working Memory Capacity

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Eddy J. Davelaar ◽  
Eddy J. Davelaar
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Spectral Power ◽  
Working Memory Capacity ◽  
Memory Capacity ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Cognitive Resources ◽  
Operation Span ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Electrophysiological Recordings

Working memory involves a range of functions, including maintenance of information and processing that information undisturbed by distraction. Neuroscientific studies have observed critical contributions from frontal and parietal brain regions during processing of cognitive demanding tasks. However, less is known about individual differences in the resting state and their association with working memory capacity. In this study, electrophysiological recordings were taken from thirty volunteers in eyes closed and eyes open conditions after completing the automated version of the operation span task. The results reveal two clusters of correlations: a midline-theta cluster and a parieto-temporal alpha cluster. The theta and alpha clusters have a negative and a positive correlation with operation span performance, respectively. These results are interpreted as individual differences in cognitive preparedness, with the centro-parietal region being critical in switching between outward and inward attention, with the balance of theta and alpha spectral power at Pz indicating to where cognitive resources are directed.

scholarly journals High working memory performers have efficient eye movement control systems under Reading Span Test

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Miyuki Azuma ◽  
Takashi Ikeda ◽  
Takehiro Minamoto ◽  
Mariko Osaka ◽  
Naoyuki Osaka
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Working Memory Capacity ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Movement Control ◽  
Memory Capacity ◽  
Fixation Time ◽  
Reading Span ◽  
Eye Movement Control ◽  
Span Test

Controlled eye movements are critical in performing highly goal oriented behavior such as text reading. Previous studies have examined the relationship between working memory capacity and eye movement control during working memory task. However, the results were inconsistent, due to a methodological issue including the predictability of target location. In the present study, we used Japanese version of reading span test, where the position of to-be-remembered word is not predictable so that more efficient attentional control is required, and investigated how working memory capacity contributes to eye movement control during reading span test. Results based on total fixation time revealed that highworking memory performers efficiently control or shift their attention under high memory load.

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