scholarly journals Accident Alarming and Collision Avoiding System for Drowsy Drivers

2021 ◽  
pp. 89-95
Author(s):  
M. Ravindra Kumar ◽  
P. Satya ◽  
S. Swathi ◽  
S. Manoj Kumar ◽  
P. Sandeep
Keyword(s):  
Driving Force ◽  
Automatic System ◽  
Vehicle Control ◽  
Automobile Driving ◽  
Road Accident ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Sleep State ◽  
Driver Drowsiness ◽  
Smoke Sensor ◽  
And Control

Now a day’s road accident is one of the principal concerns in our states. Reckless automobile driving and driver drowsiness are the major motives in the back of those road accidents. The alarming rate of accidents and uncontrollable automobiles on the streetdemand an automatic system that could guide drivers right now in dangerous conditions. While any obstacle (just like the human, vehicle, and some other item) comes in front of the vehicle, control speed of the vehicle is the viable strategy to keep away from injuries. While a driver in a drowsy state or sleep state, give warning to the driver and control the velocity of the vehicle is the possible way to keep away from injuries. We endorse a solution in our mission to avoid avenue injuries and to manipulate the rate of automobiles. The machine will locate boundaries and motive force drowsiness using an ultrasonic Sensor and eye blink sensor and Arduino will execute a collision-avoidance gadget according to a pre-burnt code in the Arduino. The machine has also velocity manipulate features. It’s going to reduce or increase the rate of the vehicle relying on the impediment distance from the shifting car to decrease the damage or collision of an accident. Furthermore, if any obstacle from the bottom comes in the direction of cars, right now a buzzer will alert the driving force, and if any quick circuit happens in the engine element smoke sensor detecting and gives alert to the driving force and stop the automobile.

scholarly journals Driver Drowsiness Detection System Based on Eyes, Mouth and Head Tilt

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 506-511
Keyword(s):  
Detection System ◽  
Head Tilt ◽  
Road Accident ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Essential Requirement ◽  
Automobile Manufacturing ◽  
The Road ◽  
Driver Drowsiness ◽  
The Universe

The modernization of the automobile manufacturing automatically increases the number of automobiles on transportation way. Day by day with the quick increase in automobiles, the number of road accidents seems to be drastically increasing. In our daily life accidents are common phenomenon. In the Universe, yearly the accidents on road may cause fatal injuries, death and economic losses. Drowsiness of the driver may be one of the prime causes for accidents on the way and the driver is prone to a possible accident. So it is essential requirement to find the driver’s drowsiness to reduce the road accident rates. In this paper we proposed a system to find the driver drowsiness based on eye, mouth and head tilt. This system is helpful to monitor a driver’s observance level and warns him for a significant part in avoiding road mishaps.

Effect of Inner and Outer Wheels Driving Force Control on Small Electric Vehicle

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 8246-8254
Author(s):  
K. Shibazaki ◽  
H. Nozaki
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Angular Velocity ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Force Constant ◽  
Force Control ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Vehicle Control ◽  
Steering Angle ◽  
Force Control System ◽  
The Difference

In this study, in order to improve steering stability during turning, we devised an inner and outer wheel driving force control system that is based on the steering angle and steering angular velocity, and verified its effectiveness via running tests. In the driving force control system based on steering angle, the inner wheel driving force is weakened in proportion to the steering angle during a turn, and the difference in driving force is applied to the inner and outer wheels by strengthening the outer wheel driving force. In the driving force control (based on steering angular velocity), the value obtained by multiplying the driving force constant and the steering angular velocity,  that differentiates the driver steering input during turning output as the driving force of the inner and outer wheels. By controlling the driving force of the inner and outer wheels, it reduces the maximum steering angle by 40 deg and it became possible to improve the cornering marginal performance and improve the steering stability at the J-turn. In the pylon slalom it reduces the maximum steering angle by 45 deg and it became possible to improve the responsiveness of the vehicle. Control by steering angle is effective during steady turning, while control by steering angular velocity is effective during sharp turning. The inner and outer wheel driving force control are expected to further improve steering stability.

scholarly journals Assessment of logistical support for road maintenance to manage road accidents in Vhembe district municipalities

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Bikam
Keyword(s):  
Service Providers ◽  
Road Accident ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Road Maintenance ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Deficit Model ◽  
Technology Innovations ◽  
Operations And Maintenance ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Vhembe District

This article discusses the problems of logistical support for road maintenance to manage road accidents in Vhembe district municipalities. A budget deficit model was used to explain the level of inadequate logistics support to manage operations and maintenance of municipal roads as a preventative measure against road accident and disaster risks. A hypothetical road maintenance deficit model informed by current literature on road maintenance was used to explain how cost of road maintenance increases exponentially if initial maintenance was not undertaken when the facility was newly constructed to draw the link between road maintenance and the risk of road accidents. Inadequate logistical support to address road maintenance backlogs in Vhembe district municipalities has been on the increase over the last 10 years. Current studies show that inadequate road maintenance can lead to the development of potholes – a major cause of road accidents and damages to motor vehicles. Literature on logistics support emphasises a comprehensive approach to road maintenance to provide a balance between funding, routine maintenance, quality of materials used for maintenance, use of stipulated specifications, the required maintenance technology, innovations and employment of qualified service providers to ensure quality roads and reduction of accidents on municipal roads.

102 Single-Prolonged Stress as a Model of PTSD in Mice: Effects on Sleep and Anxiety

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A42-A42
Author(s):  
Katelyn Gutowsky ◽  
Carolyn Jones ◽  
Miranda Lim
Keyword(s):  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Power Spectra ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Sleep State ◽  
Single Prolonged Stress ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
And Control ◽  
Prolonged Stress

Abstract Introduction Sleep problems are common in humans with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep is involved in processing emotional memories; it is often disrupted in those with PTSD, and may be related to increased anxiety. Single prolonged stress (SPS) is a protocol used to model PTSD in rats, however little is known about how this model impacts sleep in mice. Prior research suggests SPS produces short term disturbances in REM sleep and increases in anxiety-like behavior, but further validation of this model is needed to understand how SPS impacts sleep and anxiety-like behaviors in mice specifically, as they have greater potential for transgenic manipulation Methods C57BL6/J mice underwent a SPS protocol in which they were tube-restrained for 2 hours, followed by a 15 minute forced swim in a group, ether exposure until loss of consciousness, and 10 days of social isolation. Following SPS, mice were tested for anxiety-like behavior in a light-dark box and sleep was measured from surgically implanted EEG and EMG leads. Time spent in wake, REM sleep, and non-REM sleep was quantified for 24 continuous hours in SPS and Control mice. Results There were no significant effects of SPS on the amount of time spent in any vigilance state, or in sleep-wake transitions. However, SPS-exposed mice showed significantly more anxiety-like behavior. EEG power spectra were analyzed in relevant frequency bands during each sleep state, and exploratory analyses were conducted Conclusion Minimal effects on sleep macroarchitecture were seen in mice 10 days after SPS. It is possible that sleep disturbances seen immediately after trauma exposure (such as in prior studies in rats) may have diminished over time. Further studies will need to include additional timepoints and analysis of sleep microarchitecture following SPS, and in other mouse models of PTSD, in order to more comprehensively examine changes in sleep. Support (if any) VA CDA #IK2 BX002712, Portland VA Research Foundation, Medical Research Foundation

Study on the Motion Generation Method of Gun Training Simulator

2012 ◽  
Vol 182-183 ◽  
pp. 1673-1680
Author(s):  
Yu Wang ◽  
Ri Na Su
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Motion Simulation ◽  
Motion Generation ◽  
Motion Platform ◽  
Training Simulator ◽  
Simulation Experiments ◽  
Optimize Design ◽  
Homogeneous Matrix ◽  
And Control

A kind of 3-RPS and 3-DOF parallel robotic mechanisms is used as motion-sensible-platform of gun training simulator to implement the motion simulation. Its dynamics is analyzed and driving force of joint is gained. This paper introduces the study on motion generation of gun training simulator. The moving model of gun is established on the basis of the model of vehicle. We solve the pose of gun by applying the theory of homogeneous matrix. In order to ensure actuators moving at a preset speed and enable the motion-sensible-platform to perform a real-time moving posture simulation of a wheeled gun vehicle in running, the speed equation of actuator is given. The feasibility of models was tested through the simulation experiments. All of these works are beneficial to optimize design and control realization of motion platform structure.

scholarly journals Road Transport Accidents in Nigeria and the Role of Automotive Active Safety System

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-54
Author(s):  
Olasunkanmi Oriola Akinyemi ◽  
Hezekiah O Adeyemi ◽  
Olusegun Jinadu
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Transportation Network ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Road Accident ◽  
Active Safety ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Road Transportation ◽  
Road Traffic Safety

Abstract Analysis of road traffic accidents revealed that most accidents are as a result of drivers’ errors. Over the years, active safety systems (ASS) were devised in vehicle to reduce the high level of road accidents, caused by human errors, leading to death and injuries. This study however evaluated the impacts of ASS inclusions into vehicles in Nigeria road transportation network. The objectives was to measure how ASS contributed to making driving safer and enhanced transport safety. Road accident data were collected, for a period of eleven years, from Lagos State Ministry of Economic Planning and Budget, Central Office of Statistics. Quantitative analysis of the retrospective accident was conducted by computing the proportion of yearly number of vehicles involved in road accident to the total number of vehicles for each year. Results of the analysis showed that the proportion of vehicles involved in road accidents decreased from 16 in 1996 to 0.89 in 2006, the injured persons reduced from 15.58 in 1998 to 0.3 in 2006 and the death rate diminished from 4.45 in 1998 to 0.1 in 2006. These represented 94.4 %, 95 % and 95 % improvement respectively on road traffic safety. It can therefore be concluded that the inclusions of ASS into design of modern vehicles had improved road safety in Nigeria automotive industry.

scholarly journals Machine Learning Approaches to Traffic Accident Analysis and Hotspot Prediction

Computers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 157
Author(s):  
Daniel Santos ◽  
José Saias ◽  
Paulo Quaresma ◽  
Vítor Beires Nogueira
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Predictive Model ◽  
Road Accident ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Supervised Machine Learning ◽  
Machine Learning Techniques ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Learning Approaches ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Accident Data

Traffic accidents are one of the most important concerns of the world, since they result in numerous casualties, injuries, and fatalities each year, as well as significant economic losses. There are many factors that are responsible for causing road accidents. If these factors can be better understood and predicted, it might be possible to take measures to mitigate the damages and its severity. The purpose of this work is to identify these factors using accident data from 2016 to 2019 from the district of Setúbal, Portugal. This work aims at developing models that can select a set of influential factors that may be used to classify the severity of an accident, supporting an analysis on the accident data. In addition, this study also proposes a predictive model for future road accidents based on past data. Various machine learning approaches are used to create these models. Supervised machine learning methods such as decision trees (DT), random forests (RF), logistic regression (LR), and naive Bayes (NB) are used, as well as unsupervised machine learning techniques including DBSCAN and hierarchical clustering. Results show that a rule-based model using the C5.0 algorithm is capable of accurately detecting the most relevant factors describing a road accident severity. Further, the results of the predictive model suggests the RF model could be a useful tool for forecasting accident hotspots.

scholarly journals TRAFFIC-RELATED MORTALITY IN MOLDOVA

2020 ◽  
pp. 140-147
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Road Accident ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Continuous Increase ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Related Mortality

This article analyses the mortality caused by road accidents in Moldova depending on the degree of involvement of pedestrians, cyclists, motorcyclists, drivers and passengers of transport units, depending on age and sex. Results suggest that traffic-related mortality in Moldova has shown an increased incidence among the young and working-age population, where a significant difference between males and females is observed. Among the youth, traffic-related deaths register between 10-27% of the overall mortality in both sexes. The risk exposure of dying in a traffic accident decreases with age and is less significant in the retired ages. During the years 1998-2015, avoidance of trafficrelated deaths would have assured an increase in life expectancy between 0.40-0.56 years in males, and 0.09-0.23 years in females. The continuous increase in the number of transport units on public roads, as well as in the number of hours spent in traffic, influences the degree of exposure to the risk of death or injury as a result of road traffic accidents. Trauma resulting from road accidents increases the incidence of premature mortality and disability among the population, which is reflected by the decrease of healthy life expectancy. It is ascertained that the road accident mortality requires a detailed and comprehensive analysis given the multitude of factors influencing deaths and injuries related to a traffic accident among the population. Thus, in order to improve road safety and reduce mortality incidence among traffic participants, a range of actions has to be implemented by the liable actors, including through the international experience.

Change Management in the Digital Economy

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 37-51
Author(s):  
Nuno Geada
Keyword(s):  
Change Management ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
Economic Environment ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Critical Factors ◽  
Good Practices ◽  
And Control

The digital economy shows a great potential of growth, in the scope of the individuals and in transactions between companies. The internet is the great driving force behind this transition. Therefore, the impacts of change have on the economic environment of organizations can only be balanced when implementing good practices and control mechanisms, considering the critical factors for the success of implementation of change using methodologies versus technology versus resources. The control of digital change focuses on the constant need to adapt methodologies in the most varied application scenarios, and in its control in a structured way, namely a simple way to succinct this concept, so it is possible to affirm that the digital economy correlates directly with the constant need for change. Therefore, the objective is through a model proposal to support for the change management that allows managing the processes and associated impacts.

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