scholarly journals Influence of Citrobacter freundii Infection on Ion Levels of Model Organism Galleria mellonella Larvae

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serkan SUGEÇTİ
Keyword(s):  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Citrobacter Freundii

scholarly journals New antifungal 4-chloro-3-nitrophenyldifluoroiodomethyl sulfone reduces the Candida albicans pathogenicity in the Galleria mellonella model organism

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Staniszewska ◽  
Małgorzata Gizińska ◽  
Michalina Kazek ◽  
Roberto de Jesús González-Hernández ◽  
Zbigniew Ochal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Model Organism

scholarly journals Identifying virulence determinants of multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in Galleria mellonella

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Bruchmann ◽  
Theresa Feltwell ◽  
Julian Parkhill ◽  
Francesca L Short
Keyword(s):  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Fitness Landscape ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
Virulence Determinants

Abstract Infections caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae are a major public health threat. Extensively drug-resistant and even pan-resistant strains have been reported. Understanding K. pneumoniae pathogenesis is hampered by the fact that murine models of infection offer limited resolution for non-hypervirulent strains which cause the majority of infections. The insect Galleria mellonella larva is a widely used alternative model organism for bacterial pathogens. We have performed genome-scale fitness profiling of a multidrug-resistant K. pneumoniae ST258 strain during infection of G. mellonella, to determine if this model is suitable for large-scale virulence factor discovery in this pathogen. Our results demonstrated a dominant role for surface polysaccharides in infection, with contributions from siderophores, cell envelope proteins, purine biosynthesis genes and additional genes of unknown function. Comparison with a hypervirulent strain, ATCC 43816, revealed substantial overlap in important infection-related genes, as well as additional putative virulence factors specific to ST258, reflecting strain-dependent fitness effects. Our analysis also identified a role for the metalloregulatory protein NfeR (YqjI) in virulence. Overall, this study offers new insight into the infection fitness landscape of K. pneumoniae, and provides a framework for using the highly flexible and easily scalable G. mellonella infection model to dissect molecular virulence mechanisms of bacterial pathogens.

scholarly journals Fungal immunity and pathogenesis in mammals versus the invertebrate model organism Galleria mellonella

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel F Q Smith ◽  
Arturo Casadevall
Keyword(s):  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Fungal Pathogenesis ◽  
Fungal Virulence ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Lepidoptera Pyralidae ◽  
Invertebrate Model ◽  
Fungal Interactions ◽  
Fungal Immunity ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract In recent decades, Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) have emerged as a model system to explore experimental aspects of fungal pathogenesis. The benefits of the G. mellonella model include being faster, cheaper, higher-throughput, and easier compared to vertebrate models. Additionally, as invertebrates, their use is subject to fewer ethical and regulatory issues. However, for G. mellonella models to provide meaningful insight into fungal pathogenesis, the G. mellonella-fungal interactions must be comparable to mammalian-fungal interactions. Indeed, as discussed in the review, studies suggest that G. mellonella and mammalian immune systems share many similarities, and fungal virulence factors show conserved functions in both hosts. While the moth model has opened novel research areas, many comparisons are superficial and leave large gaps of knowledge that need to be addressed concerning specific mechanisms underlying G. mellonella-fungal interactions. Closing these gaps in understanding will strengthen G. mellonella as a model for fungal virulence in the upcoming years. In this review we provide comprehensive comparisons between fungal pathogenesis in mammals and G. mellonellqa from immunological and virulence perspectives. When information on an antifungal immune component is unknown in G. mellonella, we include findings from other well-studied Lepidoptera. We hope that by outlining this information available in related species we highlight areas of needed research and provide a framework for understanding G. mellonella immunity and fungal interactions.

scholarly journals Methods and Challenges of Using the Greater Wax Moth (Galleria mellonella) as a Model Organism in Antimicrobial Compound Discovery

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Athina Andrea ◽  
Karen Krogfelt ◽  
Håvard Jenssen
Keyword(s):  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Liquid Volume ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
Greater Wax Moth ◽  
Number Of Publications ◽  
Mammalian Infection ◽  
Wax Moth

Among non-mammalian infection model organisms, the larvae of the greater wax moth Galleria mellonella have seen increasing popularity in recent years. Unlike other invertebrate models, these larvae can be incubated at 37 °C and can be dosed relatively precisely. Despite the increasing number of publications describing the use of this model organism, there is a high variability with regard to how the model is produced in different laboratories, with respect to larva size, age, origin, storage, and rest periods, as well as dosing for infection and treatment. Here, we provide suggestions regarding how some of these factors can be approached, to facilitate the comparability of studies between different laboratories. We introduce a linear regression curve correlating the total larva weight to the liquid volume in order to estimate the in vivo concentration of pathogens and the administered drug concentration. Finally, we discuss several other aspects, including in vivo antibiotic stability in larvae, the infection doses for different pathogens and suggest guidelines for larvae selection.

scholarly journals THE EFFECTS OF PYRETHRUM EXTRACT ON Galleria mellonella HEMOLYMPH PHENOLOXIDASE ENZYME

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 269-280
Author(s):  
Serhat KAYA
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Humoral Immunity ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Cytotoxic Effects ◽  
Biochemical Processes ◽  
Greater Wax Moth ◽  
Larval Hemolymph ◽  
Lepidoptera Pyralidae ◽  
Microplate Reader

Pyrethrum is a natural neurotoxic insecticide which is obtained from the flowers of Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium plant. Pyrethrum extract causes DNA damage, genotoxic effect, induction of autophagy and apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, inhibition of biochemical processes. The greater wax moth Galleria mellonella L. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) is gaining increasing attention in immunity studies as an invertebrate model organism. Melanization, which is the most important response of invertebrate humoral immunity, occurs when inactive prophenoloxidase turns into phenoloxidase enzyme. Changes in phenoloxidase enzyme activity are an important marker for humoral immunity. In our study, the phenoloxidase enzyme activity of hemolymph collected from G. mellonella larvae treated with different doses of pyrethrum extract was determined by reading against a certain absorbance in an ELISA microplate reader. The findings obtained from this study showed that 0.6 mg/ml pyrethrum extract increased phenoloxidase enzyme activity. Doses above and below this dose did not cause a significant change in phenoloxidase activity compared to control groups. In the evaluation made in terms of the change of enzyme activity over time, while the enzyme activity increased rapidly in the first 15 minutes, the enzyme activity rate decreased after the 20th minute. The effect of pyrethrum extract on phenoloxidase enzyme activity in G. mellonella larval hemolymph at a certain dose is consistent with the literature. The reason for this effect of the extract is closely related to its genotoxic and cytotoxic effects.

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