scholarly journals Design Practices in Harmonic Analysis Studies Applied to Industrial Electrical Power Systems

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 467-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. F. Mekhamer ◽  
A. Y. Abdelaziz ◽  
S. M. Ismael
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Harmonic Analysis ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Electrical Equipment ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Design Engineers ◽  
Power System Harmonics ◽  
Harmonic Study

Power system harmonics may cause several problems, such as malfunctions of electrical equipment, premature equipment failures and plant shutdowns. Accordingly, mitigation of these harmonics is considered an important target especially for industrial applications where any short downtime period may lead to great economic losses. Harmonic analysis studies are necessary to analyze the current and voltage harmonic levels and check if these levels comply with the contractual or international standard limits. If the studies reveal that the preset limits are exceeded, then a suitable harmonic mitigation technique should be installed. Harmonic analysis studies in the industrial electrical systems are discussed in many references. However, a comprehensive procedure for the steps required to perform a harmonic study is rarely found in the literature even though it is strongly needed for design engineers. This paper provides a comprehensive procedure for the steps required to perform a harmonic study in the form of a flowchart, based on industrial research and experience. Hence, this paper may be considered as a helpful guide for design engineers and consultants of the industrial sector.

Testing of Underground Power Cables

2016 ◽  
pp. 288-317
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Current Source ◽  
Electrical Equipment ◽  
Alternating Current ◽  
Power Cables ◽  
Test Procedures ◽  
Electrical Power Systems ◽  
Insulation Systems ◽  
Underground Power Cables

Probably 80% of all testing performed in electrical power systems is related to the verification of insulation quality. This chapter briefly describes the fundamental concepts of insulation testing including – insulation behavior, types of tests, and some test procedures. Most electrical equipment in utility, industrial, and commercial power systems uses either 50 or 60 Hz alternating current. Because of this, the use of an alternating current source to test insulation would appear to be the logical choice. However, as will be described a little later, insulation systems are extremely capacitive. For this and other reasons, DC has found a large niche in the technology. Before we can really evaluate the value of one system as opposed to the other (e.g. AC vs DC), let us examine how each type of voltage affects insulation. Testing of underground power cables are reported by NS161. (2014). IEC 6038. (1979). IEC Standard 60228. (1979). IEC60229. (2007). IEC60230. (1974). IEC60233. (1981). IEC 60332 (1974). IEC 6071 (2008). IEC 60270. (2000), IEC 60287. (2002).

scholarly journals The increasing atmospheric burden of the greenhouse gas sulfur hexafluoride (SF<sub>6</sub>)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter G. Simmonds ◽  
Matthew Rigby ◽  
Alistair J. Manning ◽  
Sunyoung Park ◽  
Kieran M. Stanley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Sulfur Hexafluoride ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Electric Power Industry ◽  
Electrical Equipment ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Global Emission ◽  
History Of ◽  
Technological Improvements

Abstract. We report a 40-year history of SF6 atmospheric mole fractions measured at the Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment (AGAGE) monitoring sites, combined with archived air samples to determine emission estimates from 1978–2018. Previously we reported a global emission rate of 7.3 ± 0.6 Gigagrams (Gg) yr−1 in 2008 and over the past decade emissions have continued to increase by about 24 % to 9.04 ± 0.35 Gg yr−1 in 2018. We show that changing patterns in SF6 consumption from developed (Kyoto Protocol Annex-1) to developing countries (non-Annex-1) and the rapid global expansion of the electric power industry, mainly in Asia, have increased the demand for SF6-insulated switchgear, circuit breakers and transformers. The large bank of SF6 sequestered in this electrical equipment provides a substantial source of emissions from maintenance, replacement and continuous leakage. Other emissive sources of SF6 occur from the magnesium, aluminium, electronics industries and more minor industrial applications. More recently, reported emissions, including those from electrical equipment and metal industries, primarily in the Annex-1 countries, have steadily declined through substitution of alternative blanketing gases and technological improvements in less emissive equipment and more efficient industrial practices. Conversely, in the non-Annex-1 countries SF6 emissions have increased due to an expansion in the growth of the electrical power, metal and electronics industries to support their development. There is an annual difference of 2.5–5 Gg yr−1 (1990–2018) between our modelled top-down emissions and the UNFCCC reported bottom-up emissions, which we attempt to reconcile through analysis of the potential contribution of emissions from the various industrial applications which use SF6. We also investigate regional emissions in East Asia (China, S. Korea) and Western Europe and their respective contributions to the global atmospheric SF6 inventory. On an average annual basis, our estimated emissions from the whole of China are approximately 10 times greater than emissions from Western Europe. In 2018, our modelled Chinese and Western European emissions accounted for ~ 36 % and 3.1 %, respectively, of our global SF6 emissions estimate.

High-voltage electrical equipment in electrical power systems: diagnostics, defects, damage, monitoring

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Александр Хренников ◽  
Alexander Khrennikov
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Electrical Equipment ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Power Transformers ◽  
Electrical Power Systems ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Short Circuit Currents ◽  
Detection Of Defects

The analysis of the main methods of diagnostics of electrical equipment for detection of defects and damages in the course of operation is presented. Analysis of the effectiveness of the main diagnostic methods is accompanied by examples of detection of defects and damage to specific equipment: power transformers, reactors, current and voltage transformers, disconnectors, turbogenerators, OPN, etc. Examples of damage and investigation of technological violations of oil-filled transformer-reactor equipment during operation, associated with the loss of electrodynamic resistance of the windings during the flow of through short-circuit currents (short-circuit). The analysis of efficiency of application of methods of diagnostics at detection of defects and damages of power transformers because of the impact of fault current. The questions of electrodynamic tests of power transformers (reactors) for resistance to short-circuit currents, which serve as a tool to improve the reliability of their design, are considered.

The Path of the Smart Grid in India

2014 ◽  
Vol 984-985 ◽  
pp. 1005-1012
Author(s):  
R. Ambika ◽  
Ramachandran Rajeswari
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Smart Grid ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Electricity Market ◽  
System Development ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Energy Structure ◽  
Open Platform ◽  
Efficient Power

The 21st century world is more dependent on electrical power than ever. This dependency will increase manifold in the near future with more systems being computerized and a plethora of new electronic devices emerging for household, commercial and industrial applications. In such a scenario, availability of secure, reliable and efficient power is crucial for sustaining current development and economic growth trends. India is struggling to meet electric power demands of the fast expanding economy. In this situation, “smart grid” is the only solution, as it provides an open platform for electricity market and power transactions and offers high quality service and optimizes resource allocation. Simply stating smart grid refers to the application of information technology to power systems. Due to the complexity of such systems, the possibilities have yet to be clearly defined. Undertaking smart grid research in India is necessary for safe and stabilization of national power grid, optimization of national energy structure etc. This paper explores the definition, characteristics of smart grid and the gap between today’s grid and smart grid and its milestones are analyzed. Also the necessity of smart grid and enormous challenges which Indian power enterprises are facing is analyzed through which the inspiration of developing smart grid in India can be gained. Finally some of the ongoing smart grid activities in India and the barriers to implement the smart grid are discussed. The power system development as the world’s new trend of change, smart grid will lead the Indians to restore confidence, revive industry and promote sound and fast economic growth.

scholarly journals A REVIEW OF STUDY AND ANALYSIS OF PARTIAL DISCHARGE FOR DIFFERENT INSULATION MATERIALS WITH CAPACITANCE VALUE

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 64-66
Author(s):  
Neetu Baghelkar ◽  
Abhishek Dubey
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Power System ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Electrical Equipment ◽  
Electrical Power System ◽  
Insulation Materials ◽  
System A ◽  
Solid Liquid

In the high voltage (HV) electrical power system, a variety of solid, liquid and gaseous materials are used for insulation purposes to protect incipient faults within the HV power equipment. Among these, solid insulation is widely used for high voltage equipment in high voltage power systems. Most insulation materials are not perfect in all respects and always contain some impurities. In high voltage (HV) electrical equipment, the quality of the insulation plays a very important role. Continued growth in the power system has provided the opportunity to protect equipment for healthy operation throughout its useful life.

scholarly journals The increasing atmospheric burden of the greenhouse gas sulfur hexafluoride (SF<sub>6</sub>)

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 7271-7290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter G. Simmonds ◽  
Matthew Rigby ◽  
Alistair J. Manning ◽  
Sunyoung Park ◽  
Kieran M. Stanley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Sulfur Hexafluoride ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Electric Power Industry ◽  
Electrical Equipment ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
Global Emission ◽  
History Of

Abstract. We report a 40-year history of SF6 atmospheric mole fractions measured at the Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment (AGAGE) monitoring sites, combined with archived air samples, to determine emission estimates from 1978 to 2018. Previously we reported a global emission rate of 7.3±0.6 Gg yr−1 in 2008 and over the past decade emissions have continued to increase by about 24 % to 9.04±0.35 Gg yr−1 in 2018. We show that changing patterns in SF6 consumption from developed (Kyoto Protocol Annex-1) to developing countries (non-Annex-1) and the rapid global expansion of the electric power industry, mainly in Asia, have increased the demand for SF6-insulated switchgear, circuit breakers, and transformers. The large bank of SF6 sequestered in this electrical equipment provides a substantial source of emissions from maintenance, replacement, and continuous leakage. Other emissive sources of SF6 occur from the magnesium, aluminium, and electronics industries as well as more minor industrial applications. More recently, reported emissions, including those from electrical equipment and metal industries, primarily in the Annex-1 countries, have declined steadily through substitution of alternative blanketing gases and technological improvements in less emissive equipment and more efficient industrial practices. Nevertheless, there are still demands for SF6 in Annex-1 countries due to economic growth, as well as continuing emissions from older equipment and additional emissions from newly installed SF6-insulated electrical equipment, although at low emission rates. In addition, in the non-Annex-1 countries, SF6 emissions have increased due to an expansion in the growth of the electrical power, metal, and electronics industries to support their continuing development. There is an annual difference of 2.5–5 Gg yr−1 (1990–2018) between our modelled top-down emissions and the UNFCCC-reported bottom-up emissions (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change), which we attempt to reconcile through analysis of the potential contribution of emissions from the various industrial applications which use SF6. We also investigate regional emissions in East Asia (China, S. Korea) and western Europe and their respective contributions to the global atmospheric SF6 inventory. On an average annual basis, our estimated emissions from the whole of China are approximately 10 times greater than emissions from western Europe. In 2018, our modelled Chinese and western European emissions accounted for ∼36 % and 3.1 %, respectively, of our global SF6 emissions estimate.

scholarly journals The smart grid concept applied to an industrial electrical system

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 2140
Author(s):  
Isidro Fraga Hurtado ◽  
Julio Rafael Gómez Sarduy ◽  
Percy Rafael Viego Felipe ◽  
Vladimir Sousa Santos ◽  
Enrique Ciro Quispe Oqueña
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grid ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Smart Grids ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Demand Management ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Reactive Compensation

Smart grids can be considered as a concept that integrates electrical, automatic control, information, and communication technologies. This concept constitutes a fundamental complement in the integration of renewable energy sources in electrical power systems. Although its application is fundamentally framed in transmission and distribution networks, it could also be implemented in industrial electrical systems. This article aims to analyze the advantages of implementing solutions based on smart grids in the industrial sector. Likewise, the results of its implementation in the large industry in the province of Cienfuegos, Cuba are presented. Specifically, reactive compensation, voltage, and demand management controls were integrated into a Supervision, Control, and Data Acquisition system forming a smart grid. It is shown that, in industries where infrastructure and equipment conditions exist, it is possible to successfully implement solutions with the functionalities and benefits inherent to smart grids.

Voltage Quality in Electrical Power Systems

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Schlabbach ◽  
D. Blume ◽  
T. Stephanblome
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Electrical Power Systems ◽  
Voltage Quality
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