scholarly journals Investigation of the Strength Properties of Palm Kernel Shell Ash Concrete

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 315-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. A. Olutoge ◽  
H. A. Quadri ◽  
O. S. Olafusi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Portland Cement ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Cement Concrete ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell

Many researchers have studied the use of agro-waste ashes as constituents in concrete. These agro-waste ashes are siliceous or aluminosiliceous materials that, in finely divided form and in the presence of moisture, chemically react with the calcium hydroxide released by the hydration of Portland cement to form calcium silicate hydrate and other cementitious compounds. Palm kernel shell ash (PKSA) is a by-product in palm oil mills. This ash has pozzolanic properties that enables it as a partial replacement for cement but also plays an important role in the strength and durability of concrete. The use of palm kernel shell ash (PKSA) as a partial replacement for cement in concrete is investigated. The objective of this paper is to alleviate the increasing challenges of scarcity and high cost of construction materials used by the construction industry in Nigeria and Africa in general, by reducing the volume of cement usage in concrete works. Collected PKSA was dried and sieved through a 45um sieve. The fineness of the PKSA was checked by sieving through 45um sieve. The chemical properties of the ash are examined whereas physical and mechanical properties of varying percentage of PKSA cement concrete and 100% cement concrete of mix 1:2:4 and 0.5 water-cement ratios are examined and compared. A total of 72 concrete cubes of size 150 × 150 × 150 mm³ with different volume percentages of PKSA to Portland cement in the order 0:100, 10:90 and 30:70 and mix ratio of 1:2:4 were cast and their physical and mechanical properties were tested at 7, 14, 21 and 28 days time. Although the compressive strength of PKSA concrete did not exceed that of OPC, compressive strength tests showed that 10% of the PKSA in replacement for cement was 22.8 N/mm2 at 28 days; which was quite satisfactory with no compromise in compressive strength requirements for concrete mix ratios 1:2:4. This research showed that the use of PKSA as a partial replacement for cement in concrete, at lower volume of replacement, will enhance the reduction of cement usage in concretes, thereby reducing the production cost. This research was carried out at the University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.

scholarly journals Assessment of Workability and Compressive Strength of Rice Husk Ash-Blended Palm Kernel Shell Concrete

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. O. Oriola
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Rice Husk Ash ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Lightweight Aggregate ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Lightweight Aggregate Concrete ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell ◽  
Compressive Strength Of Concrete

The evaluation of agro-industrial by-products as alternative construction materials is becoming more significant as the demand for environmentally friendly construction materials increases. In this study, the workability and compressive strength of concrete produced by combining Palm Kernel Shell (PKS) and Rice Husk Ash (RHA) was investigated. Concrete mixes using a fixed content of 15% RHA as replacement for cement and 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100% PKS as replacement for crushed granite by volume with the mix ratios of 1:1½:3, 1:2:4 and 1:3:6 were produced. The water-to-cement ratios of 0.5, 0.6 and 0.7 were used for the respective mix ratios. Concrete without PKS and RHA served as control mix. The fresh concrete workability was evaluated through slump test. The concrete hardened properties determined were the density and compressive strength. The results indicated that the workability and density of PKSC were lower than control concrete, and they decreased as the PKS content in each mix ratio was increased. The compressive strength of concrete at 90 days decreased from 27.8-13.1 N/mm2, 23.8-8.9 N/mm2and 20.6-7.6 for 1:1½:3, 1:2:4 and 1:3:6, respectively as the substitution level of PKS increased from 0-100%. However, the compressive strength of concrete increased with curing age and the gain in strength of concrete containing RHA and PKSC were higher than the control at the later age. The concrete containing 15% RHA with up to 40% PKS for 1:1½:3 and 20% PKS for 1:2:4 mix ratios satisfied the minimum strength requirements for structural lightweight aggregate concrete (SLWAC) stipulated by the relevant standards. It can be concluded that the addition of 15% RHA is effective in improving the strength properties of PKSC for eco-friendly SLWAC production..

Influence of Portland Cement Addition in the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Epoxy Resin

2015 ◽  
Vol 1088 ◽  
pp. 411-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Augusto Zago Marques ◽  
Carlos Eduardo G. da Silva ◽  
André Luis Christoforo ◽  
Francisco Antonio Rocco Lahr ◽  
Túlio Hallak Panzera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Composite Material ◽  
Portland Cement ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Epoxy Matrix ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Response Variable

This research evaluated, with the of the analyses of variance (ANOVA), a composite material based on epoxy matrix phase reinforced with Portland cement (CP-II) particles (0%wt [100%wt of resin], 20%wt, 40%wt, 60%wt). The response-variable investigated were modulus of elasticity (E) and compressive strength (S), bulk density (ρB), apparent density (ρA) and porosity (P). The highest values of the modulus of elasticity were provided from the composites manufactured with 40wt% of cement addition. The inclusion of 60% of cement implies in a reduction in the mechanical properties when compared with the results of the composite manufactured with 40% of cement. For the physical properties, the gradually inclusion of cement provides increasing in the density of the composites, and reduce the porosity of the materials manufactured.

Effects of Consumption of Cement in Mechanical Properties of Lightweight Concrete Containing Brazilian Expanded Clay

2013 ◽  
Vol 368-370 ◽  
pp. 925-928 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andressa Fernanda Angelin ◽  
Lubienska Cristina L.J. Ribeiro ◽  
Marta Siviero Guilherme Pires ◽  
Ana Elisabete P.G.A. Jacintho ◽  
Rosa Cristina Cecche Lintz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Portland Cement ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Lightweight Concrete ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Lightweight Aggregates ◽  
Portland Cement Concrete ◽  
Cement Concrete ◽  
Conventional Concrete ◽  
New Techniques

Concrete is one of the oldest building materials known to humankind. From 1824, with the advent of Portland cement, concrete assumed a prominent place among the construction materials, due to large amounts of strength, durability and versatility it offered compared to other products, allowing the molding of various forms architectural. Until the early 80s, the concrete remained only as a mixture of cement, aggregates and water, however, in recent decades, due to the development of new techniques and products, the concrete has been undergoing constant changes. The concrete with lightweight aggregates have been used since the beginning of the last century, with low values of density (< 2000 kg/m3), demonstrating the great potential of using this material in several areas of construction [. With the objective of analyzing the influence of the consumption of cement in conventional concrete and light, were molded, tested and compared body-of-evidence containing two different amounts of cement consumption: a) 350 kg/m3 and b) 450 kg / m3. The results were compared with those obtained by other researchers, as well as with [ and [.

scholarly journals Mechanical Properties of OPC - Geocement Concrete

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 3733-3736
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Portland Cement ◽  
Ordinary Portland Cement ◽  
External Heat ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Strength Development ◽  
Strength Increase ◽  
Heat Curing ◽  
Compressive Strength Development

Nowadays geopolymer concretes are subjected to heat curing. A large amount of highly corrosive and the hygroscopic alkaline activators are nowadays generally utilized in producing geopolymer concretes. In this paper, hybrid Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) and geopolymer mixes are developed. The mainly used activator id the Solid potassium carbonate at different percentage is used as 5% & 10% of the weight of geopolymeric materials and OPC was blended with geopolymeric materials in different proportions. By adding cement, improves all the geopolymer properties except workability. By Applying external heat, it plays an important role in gaining strength. Strength gained by the absence of external heat is achieved by using Portland cement as a partial replacement of geocement. The influence of OPC content on the compressive strength development is investigated, and the optimized amount of solid activator to be used in the mix is also investigated. It is observed that percentage of strength increase decreases from52.24% to 14.77% as the OPC content increased from 20% to 60%.

scholarly journals Peculiarities of hydration of Portland cement with synthetic nano-silica

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Galyna Kotsay
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Portland Cement ◽  
Cement Hydration ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nano Materials ◽  
Nano Silica ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Materials Used

Abstract Application of nano-materials in cement products significantly, improves their properties. Of course, the effectiveness of the materials depends on their quantity and the way they are introduced into the system. So far, amongst nano-materials used in construction, the most preferred was nano-silica. This research investigated the effect of synthetic precipitated nano-silica on the cement hydration as well as, on the physical and mechanical properties of pastes and mortars. Obtained results showed that admixture of nano-silica enhanced flexural and compressive strength of cement after 2 and 28 days, however, only when admixture made up 0.5% and 1.0%. On the other hand, the use of nano-silica in the amount 2% had some limitations, due to its ability to agglomerate, which resulted in deterioration of the rheological and mechanical properties.

scholarly journals Partial Replacement of Ordinary Portland Cement with Sawdust Ash in Concrete

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
L. S. Gwarah ◽  
B. M. Akatah ◽  
I. Onungwe ◽  
P. P. Akpan
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Portland Cement ◽  
Ordinary Portland Cement ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Hardened Concrete ◽  
Flow Table ◽  
Compressive Strength Test ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Mixed Concrete

The investigation of sawdust ash (SDA) as a partial replacement for cement in concrete was studied owing to the high cost and increasing demand for cement in a harsh economy and considering the presence of limited construction materials and waste to wealth policy. Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) was replaced by 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 30% of SDA. Slump test and consistency test (flow table apparatus test) were conducted on the freshly mixed concrete sample, and compressive strength test was conducted on the hardened concrete cubes of 150mm2, which was cured between 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. The results revealed that the slump decreases as the SDA content increases in percentage, while the consistency of the freshly mixed concrete remarkably moves from high, medium to low as the SDA content increases. The compressive strength of the hardened concrete undergone a decrease in strength, as the partial replacement of OPC with SDA increases. By the results interpretation, it is observed that 5% to 10% SDA when replaced with OPC can still result in the desired strength of concrete.

scholarly journals Some Mechanical Properties of Cement Treated Base (CTB) Incorporating Waste Portland Cement Concrete Under Different Corresponding Conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.37) ◽  
pp. 138
Author(s):  
Asst. Prof. Dr. Khawla H. H. Shubber ◽  
Eng. Sajjad Hashim Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Portland Cement ◽  
Granular Materials ◽  
Compression Strength ◽  
Cement Content ◽  
Strength Increase ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Portland Cement Concrete ◽  
Cement Concrete

This research represents a trial of understanding and improving mechanical properties of base or subbase granular materials, used in pavement construction, stabilized with Portland cement known as cement treated base (CTB) in terms of density, optimum water content (O.W.C), and compression Strength of three curing ages (3, 7, 28) days under different situations. Different Portland cement percent of (0, 5, 7, 10, 12, and 15) % by weight were added to selected base course granular materials (type B according to local standard specification in Iraq). Results showed that the density of mixture increase with increasing added cement percent, while O.W.C takes its maximum value around 7% cement content, and compression strength increase with increasing cement content and curing age. Then effect of replacing 50% of natural granular materials by waste Portland cement concrete (WPCC) was investigated on the results of (0, 7& 15)% cement content on density, O.W.C and compression strength in the three curing ages. Results reveled although density of mixture cooperating WPCC for 0% cement content was higher, CTB of natural granular material were denser. On the other hand compressive strength decrease in case of using WPCC for all percent cement added and curing ages. Finally, effect of soaking in water on CTB with (7 &15)% cement compressive strength of three curing ages was studied, under three period of soaking (1 week, 2 weeks, &one month). Test results exposed that, CTB Compressive strength increase with increasing soaking period but still less than that of un-soaked and for all curing ages. For each test stage mathematics relationships with acceptable correlation were presented proofing test results tendency.  

scholarly journals Physical and Mechanical Properties of a Porous Material Obtained by Low Replacement of Volcanic Ash by Aluminum Beverage Cans

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Bernard Missota Priso Dickson ◽  
Claudine Mawe Noussi ◽  
Louise Ndongo Ebongue ◽  
Joseph Dika Manga
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Porous Material ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Volcanic Ash ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Apparent Porosity ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Inorganic Polymers

This study focuses on the evaluation of the physical and mechanical properties of a porous material based on a mixture of powder (Volcanic ash /Aluminum Beverage Cans) and a solution of phosphoric acid. Volcanic ash (VA) use was collected in one of the quarries of Mandjo (Cameroon coastal region), crushed, then characterized by XRF, DRX, FTIR and named MaJ. The various polymers obtained are called MaJ0, MaJ2.5, MaJ5, MaJ7.5 and MaJ10 according to the mass content of the additions of the powder from the aluminum beverage cans (ABCs). The physical and mechanical properties of the synthetic products were evaluated by determining the apparent porosity, bulk density, water absorption and compressive strength. The results of this study show that the partial replacement of the powder of VA by that of ABC leads to a reduction in the compressive strength (5.9 - 0.8 MPa) and bulk density (2.56 – 1.32 g/cm3) of the polymers obtained. On the other hand, apparent porosity, water absorption and pore formation within the polymers increases with addition of the powder from the beverage cans. All of these results allow us to agree that the ABCs powder can be used as a blowing agent during the synthesis of phosphate inorganic polymers.

scholarly journals Influence of Selected Curing Techniques on Compressive Strength of Concrete From Palm Kernel Shell Ash and Ordinary Portland Cement

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oluwatosin Babatola
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Portland Cement ◽  
Ordinary Portland Cement ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Maximum Size ◽  
Portland Cement Concrete ◽  
River Sand ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell ◽  
Crushed Aggregate ◽  
Compressive Strength Of Concrete

This paper discusses the findings of an experimental study on the effect of various curing procedures on the compressive strength of concrete produced by partially substituting portland cement with Palm Kernel Shell Ash (PKSA). Palm kernel shell ash was utilized in a 1:2:4 mix ratio as a partial substitute for ordinary Portland cement (OPC) at percentage levels of 0%, 10%, and 15%. River sand with particles passing a 4.75 mm BS sieve was used, as well as crushed aggregate with a maximum size of 20 mm, and palm kernel shell ash with particles passing a 212 μm sieve. The compressive strength of the test cubes (150 mm x 150 mm x 150 mm) was determined after 7, 28, and 56 days of curing. The results demonstrated that test cubes containing Palm kernel shell ash developed strength over a longer curing period than ordinary Portland cement concrete samples and that the strength changes depending on the amount of PKSA in the cube samples. The findings showed that at 28 days, test cubes with 5%, 10%, and 15% PKSA content in all curing procedures utilized obtained a greater compressive strength. Curing by immersion produced the highest compressive strength in all replacement level while the concrete cured by sprinkling and spraying gives a lower strength in all replacement leve

Waste to wealth: A case study of empty water sachet conversion into composite material for automobile application

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibraheem Samotu ◽  
Muhammed Dauda ◽  
David Obada ◽  
Abdulmumin Alabi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Composite Material ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Density Ratio ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell ◽  
High Impact Strength

Efforts have been made to turn empty water sachet (commonly called pure water nylon), palm kernel shell and iron filings, which are all wastes released into the environment from different sectors of production in Nigeria into a useful material of good physical and mechanical properties. These wastes, especially the empty water sachet, pose a great challenge on the effort of achieving a clean and safe environment, mostly by their contribution to flooding during the rainy season. A recycling aimed research was carried out, making use of these materials to produce a new composite material and proffer suggestions for the possible use of the newly developed composite material. The empty water sachet was used as a matrix, which was reinforced by carbonized palm kernel shell particulate and iron filings. The percentage composition of iron fillings was maintained at 5%wt, while that of palm kernel shell ash was varied from 5%wt - 20%wt at an interval of 5%. The composites were compounded and compressively moulded. Physical and mechanical properties of the composites were tested for and the results obtained shows that the composite material could be used to produce automobile bumper among other parts due to their Impact Strength and low Density. After results analysis, materials with 5%wt of CPKS and that with 10%wt of CPKS were recommended for the automobile bumper production following their high impact strength - density ratio of 0.26 and 0.19 respectively, which are higher as compared to that of Peugeot 406 bumper measured alongside the composite materials.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document