scholarly journals Frequency and Severity of Trunk Decay in Street Tree Maples in Four New York Cities

2009 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-99
Author(s):  
Christopher Luley ◽  
David Nowak ◽  
Eric Greenfield
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Size Class ◽  
Tree Size ◽  
Street Trees ◽  
Silver Maple ◽  
Sugar Maples ◽  
Street Tree ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Diameter Classes ◽  
Selection Of

A proportional random selection of street tree Norway, silver, and sugar maples, and other species among four diameter classes were surveyed in the U.S.’ New York cities of Albany, Buffalo, Rochester, and Syracuse for decay incidence and severity. Decay was determined by drilling sampled trees with a Resistograph and calculating the ratio of sound wood to radius. Overall, 58.3% of the sampled trees had some amount of decay and incidence was highest in sugar maples and in the largest size class trees. However, decay incidence was high (53.2%) even in the smallest diameter tree size class (30.5–45.7cm (12–18 in). Decay severity was greatest in silver maple and in the largest diameter trees, although only 3.2% of the trees sampled had serious decay. The study shows that decay is common in street trees but is seldom severe. It also suggests that decay becomes established early in the life of street trees but is most severe in larger diameter trees and in trees that compartmentalize decay poorly such as silver maple. The frequency and severity of decay in the cities studied indicates that they need to continue to identify and manage trees with decay.

Street Tree Diversity in Massachusetts, USA

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-43
Author(s):  
F.D. Cowett ◽  
Nina Bassuk
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Tree Diversity ◽  
Asian Longhorned Beetle ◽  
Street Trees ◽  
Tree Population ◽  
Tree Inventory ◽  
Street Tree ◽  
Tree Survival ◽  
Considerable Work

Pests, disease, and climate change pose major challenges to street tree survival, and diversity in tree species and genera is widely considered to promote the sustainability of municipal street tree populations. Conversely, the lack of sufficient diversity in street tree population was judged a contributing factor in the death and removal of thousands of street trees in Worcester, Massachusetts, that state’s second most populous city, due to an infestation of the Asian longhorned beetle (ALB, Anoplophora glabripennis). Therefore, reducing the dominance of prevalent street tree species and genera and increasing tree species and genera diversity are considered vital to sustainable street tree management and to the preservation of the ecosystem services and social benefits that street trees provide. This paper assesses street tree diversity in Massachusetts by analyzing a nonrandom sample of collated municipal street tree inventory data stratified by plant hardiness zones. Consistent with results previously found for Connecticut, New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania, results in Massachusetts indicate that a relatively small number of species and genera dominate the composition of most municipal street tree populations, including in particular Acer spp. (maple), one of the ALB’s favorite host genera. There is accordingly a need for greater species and genus diversity in municipal street tree populations statewide. While there may be a trend towards increased street tree diversity and reduction in the dominance of Acer spp., considerable work remains to be done.

Is Street Tree Diversity Increasing in New York State, USA?

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 196-213
Author(s):  
F.D. Cowett ◽  
N.L. Bassuk
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
New York State ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Tree Diversity ◽  
Urban Trees ◽  
Street Trees ◽  
York State ◽  
Street Tree

Diversity in tree populations is viewed as essential for protecting the public investment in urban trees and for preserving the environmental, social, and economic benefits that these trees provide. It is therefore crucial for officials responsible for the management of municipal trees to know the diversity of their municipal tree populations and whether their efforts to increase diversity have been effective or should be modified. We assessed street tree diversity in New York State, USA by analyzing municipal street tree inventory data from two data sets, the first comprised of 75 inventories collated from municipalities, and the second comprised of 32 sets of inventories conducted at multiple points in time. This analysis builds on two previous papers containing similar assessments by analyzing more current data and by calculating diversity index statistics and relative abundance percentages for prevalent street tree species and genera. Findings indicate that there has been substantial progress to increase street tree diversity in New York State. This progress is correlated with reductions in the dominance of Norway maple (Acer platanoides), the state’s most prevalent street tree species (17% of street trees statewide), and in the dominance of maple (Acer), the state’s most prevalent street tree genus (35% of street trees statewide). Work remains to be done to further increase species and genus diversity so as to meet the challenges posed to municipal street tree populations by invasive pests and climate change. Strategies are proposed for accomplishing this.

Thinking About Rural Development.—By Arther T. Mosher. New York: Agricultural Development Council, Inc., 1976. xii+pp.350.

1978 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 382-383
Author(s):  
Javed Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Rural Development ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Complete List ◽  
Basic Defect ◽  
Considerable Length ◽  
Selection Of

This book is essentially a selection of the articles written by Arther T. Mosher during his long career as a rural development expert. Also appended at the end is a complete list of writings by him. The Agricultural Development Council has chosen to publish this book to honour the author, who was its President during 1967-1973, The publication of this book is welcome in the context of the recent rediscovery of rural development as a principal plank of need-oriented develop¬ment strategies. A basic defect of writing on rural development has been excessive resort to stereotype rehtoric, over-enthusiasm and a certain pedanticism. Fortunately, Mosher's orientation is practical, not doctrinaire. Although the book is titled "Thinking About Rural Development", the author keeps on bring¬ing together the thinking and practice into their validly interactive perspectives. Not surprisingly so, for the author has himself worked in the field as a rural development practitioner for a considerable length of time.

Screening of F1 progeny for selection of superior hybrids in mulberry (Morus spp.) - A simple approach PART I: Screening of seedlings in relation to seed size

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 5256
Author(s):  
Daryoush Shafiei ◽  
Prof. Basavaiah*
Keyword(s):  
Seed Size ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Size Class ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Screening Process ◽  
Size Classes ◽  
Morus Spp ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Size Grading

In mulberry (Morus spp.), the process of selection of promising hybrids from F1 population requires the screening of a large number of progenies and a long period. To develop a simple and faster approach for screening, studies were conducted using F1 seeds of two crosses. The details of screening studies conducted in relation to seed-size and seedling-size are reported separately in two parts. In this part, the F1 seeds were size-graded as small, medium and large seeds; their progenies were raised separately and screened in nursery. There was a considerable degree of variation in size of seeds and medium-size class seeds were in high percentage in both the crosses. The length, width and weight of seeds were also varied between the seed size classes significantly in both the crosses. The seed size classes differ with high significance in shoot length and Root collar diameter and also differ significantly in root length and weight of seedlings. The positive correlation between the seed size and growth of seedlings, seed size and germination, seed size and seedling survival in nursery indicated that size-grading of seeds and rejection of small seeds in the beginning of screening process may help to increase the efficiency of screening by increasing the chances of getting superior hybrids from limited progenies. However, confirmation on the performance of large seedlings from small seed size class may help to draw conclusion. Hence, the studies are continued with size- grading of seedlings in the next part of screening study.

Contributions of Joseph Hardcastle to Accounting Theory

2008 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
George C. Romeo ◽  
James J. McKinney
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
New York University ◽  
Honorary Degree ◽  
Cpa Exam ◽  
Accounting Theory ◽  
The U.S

Joseph Hardcastle was one of the foremost authorities on subjects connected with the mathematics of finance and other topics in accounting in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. As a teacher, author, and leader in the profession, he figured prominently in the elevation of accountancy. Hardcastle is relatively unknown in the literature except for having the distinction of scoring the highest grades on the first CPA exam in New York in 1896. However, he was well respected during his time as one of the premier theorists in accounting and was awarded an honorary degree of Master of Letters by New York University. Because of his prolific writings, his teaching of future accountants, and his interactions with members of the Institute of Accounts, he had a strong impact on the “science of accounts,” the dominant accounting theory in the U.S. at the turn of the century.

scholarly journals Babesiosis Occurrence among the U.S. Medicare Beneficiaries Ages 65 and Older, During 2006-2017: Overall, and by State and County of Residence

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikhail Menis ◽  
Barbee I Whitaker ◽  
Michael Wernecke ◽  
Yixin Jiao ◽  
Anne Eder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Rhode Island ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Medicare Beneficiaries ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Diagnosis Codes ◽  
Real World Evidence ◽  
At Risk Populations ◽  
Human Babesiosis ◽  
The U.S

Abstract Background Human babesiosis is a mild-to-severe parasitic infection that poses health concerns especially in older and other at-risk populations. The study objective was to assess babesiosis occurrence among the U.S. Medicare beneficiaries, ages 65 and older, during 2006-2017. Methods Our retrospective claims-based study utilized Medicare databases. Babesiosis cases were identified using recorded diagnosis codes. The study estimated rates (per 100,000 beneficiary-years) overall, by year, diagnosis month, demographics, state and county of residence. Results Nationwide, 19,469 beneficiaries had babesiosis recorded, a rate of 6 per 100,000 person-years, ranging from 4 in 2006 to 9 in 2017 (p<0.05). The highest babesiosis rates were in: Massachusetts (62), Rhode Island (61), Connecticut (51), New York (30), and New Jersey (19). The highest rates by county were in: Nantucket, MA (1,089); Dukes, MA (236); Barnstable, MA (213); and Dutchess, NY (205). Increasing rates, from 2006 through 2017 (p<0.05), were identified in multiple states, including states previously considered non-endemic. New Hampshire, Maine, Vermont, Pennsylvania, and Delaware saw rates increase by several times. Conclusion Our 12-year study shows substantially increasing babesiosis diagnosis trends, with highest rates in well-established endemic states. It also suggests expansion of babesiosis infections in other states and highlights the utility of real-world evidence.

scholarly journals Timing of social distancing policies and COVID-19 mortality: county-level evidence from the U.S.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catalina Amuedo-Dorantes ◽  
Neeraj Kaushal ◽  
Ashley N. Muchow
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Political Ideology ◽  
Death Rate ◽  
The United States ◽  
County Level ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Level Information ◽  
Alternative Measures ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Pharmaceutical Interventions

AbstractUsing county-level data on COVID-19 mortality and infections, along with county-level information on the adoption of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs), we examine how the speed of NPI adoption affected COVID-19 mortality in the United States. Our estimates suggest that adopting safer-at-home orders or non-essential business closures 1 day before infections double can curtail the COVID-19 death rate by 1.9%. This finding proves robust to alternative measures of NPI adoption speed, model specifications that control for testing, other NPIs, and mobility and across various samples (national, the Northeast, excluding New York, and excluding the Northeast). We also find that the adoption speed of NPIs is associated with lower infections and is unrelated to non-COVID deaths, suggesting these measures slowed contagion. Finally, NPI adoption speed appears to have been less effective in Republican counties, suggesting that political ideology might have compromised their efficacy.

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