scholarly journals Residents’ Perception of Tree Diseases in the Urban Environment

2009 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-93
Author(s):  
Cristina Nali ◽  
Giacomo Lorenzini
Keyword(s):  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Common People ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
Urban Greenspaces ◽  
Rot Disease ◽  
Health And Well Being

Urban greenspaces are essential for the health and well-being of citizens and the presence of trees is a key element for the improvement of urban environments. But trees may become a factor of risk for the citizen when they are diseased, declining or dead. Common people are usually unaware of the intimate causes of plant diseases. Based on a balanced sample of 944 detailed interviews carried out in a structured format by university students, a survey was performed to monitor the perception of citizens of evergreen ornamental plants (Quercus ilex) killed by a root disease. Most of the interviewed were customary or moderate frequenters of the venue. Most of the respondents were able to recognize the differences between the dead tree and other conspecific normal individuals, and 86.2% were aware of the risks connected with the collapse of unhealthy trees. Differences amongst genders, age groups, educational levels, and occupation were observed concerning the supposed cause of the death (due to a fungal rot disease). Environmental pollution was indicated as the culprit mainly by young people. Surprisingly, 42.9% of respondents were unable (or unavailable) to give suggestions to administrators concerning the management of public greenery.

scholarly journals Social determinants of health and well-being among municipal school children in Mumbai

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 144
Author(s):  
Yasmeen K. Kazi ◽  
Anita G. Shenoy ◽  
Gajanan D. Velhal ◽  
Suresh D. Mate ◽  
Sudam R. Suryawanshi
Keyword(s):  
Social Determinants ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Risk Behaviour ◽  
Perceived Health ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Preventive Action ◽  
School Students ◽  
The Social ◽  
Health And Well Being

Background: HBSC seeks to identify and explore the extent of the inequalities related to socioeconomic status (SES), age and gender among the younger age group, and highlight the need for preventive action. Hence, this study was carried out, to find out the social context as a determinant of their health and well-being. The objectives of the study were to study the socio-demographic characteristics of the students; to find the social determinants and its association with their perceived health outcomes.Methods: The study was carried out among 426 Municipal school students in Mumbai. They were enquired about their socio demographic characteristics, their personal habits and behaviour, relationship with their parents, siblings and friends, performance in school, academic pressures, and also about any health related complaints if they had. Results: The study shows less communication of students with their parents, more so with their fathers’. Students were seen to have more friends and would also spend more time with them, especially boys. Academic achievement was better among girls and those from less affluent families and it also showed a dip in the higher age groups. Regular consumption of breakfast, fruits, vegetables was seen less among girls and older students. Boys and those from less affluent families were seen to be more involved in high risk behaviour. Conclusions: All the factors mentioned in the study are shown to have adverse effects on the perceived health outcome of the students. These social factors need to be addressed to improve the health and well-being of the younger generations. 

A new relationship

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip James
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Natural World ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Paradigm Shifts ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Conservation Policies ◽  
Health And Well Being ◽  
The Way

If the health and well-being benefits attributable to contact with nature are to be realized, there needs to be a change in the framing of nature within urban environments. The way nature is perceived and valued and the way that it is incorporated in policy and practice need to be re-positioned. The discourse around that challenge and the resulting re-framing are set out. There is a discussion of the changing relationship between humans and the natural environment. Ideas around nature apart from, or in spite of, or for, or and people are considered. These paradigm shifts affect conservation policies and associated practices. The ecosystem services and disservices attributable to urban environments are assessed. The importance of cultural services within urban environments is highlighted. Tensions that exist within this changing relationship are causing humans to forget the natural world and its benefits, with knock-on ill effects to human health.

Human biology and the urban environment

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip James
Keyword(s):  
Social Factors ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
First Century ◽  
Calorie Intake ◽  
Stress Hormone ◽  
Disease Patterns ◽  
Cellular Inflammation ◽  
Health And Well Being

Climate change and the rapid movement of people and goods over great distances are changing global disease patterns. Human health and well-being are also being adversely affected by the absence of biodiverse, vegetation-rich green spaces. The human body adapts poorly to urban life. The result is ill health. A typology of interactions (intentional, incidental, and indirect) between people and nature is set out. Similarly, benefits of contact with nature in terms of physiological, psychological, cognitive, and social factors. The emergent central mechanism linking urban environments to ill health is studied. Urban environments cause chronic, low level stress resulting in the release of cortisone (a stress hormone), decreased physical activity, and increased calorie intake, all of which lead to chronic cellular inflammation and to the life-style diseases of the twenty-first century: depression, cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and dementia.

Bodies and Buildings

2020 ◽  
pp. 393-415
Author(s):  
Corinna Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Medical Research ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
The Body ◽  
Victorian Culture ◽  
The Past ◽  
Research On Human Subjects ◽  
The Dead ◽  
Health And Well Being

Issues around the body have tended to be seen as the concerns of medical materialists and utilitarians, but rarely medievalists. This perception is reflected in the fact that the body only features occasionally in scholarship on Victorian medievalism. However, this chapter makes the claim that medievalists were deeply invested in issues of health and death, as well as anatomy and other branches of medicine. Moreover, medievalists often evoked the past in support of views about the ethics and care of the body that were surprisingly comparable to that of their supposed sworn enemies, materialists and utilitarians. There is a strain of thought, and an aesthetics, that runs through Victorian culture, which could be called ‘materialist medievalism’. I argue that the view of a bifurcated Victorian society has obscured how often opinions between seemingly incompatible thinkers overlapped on aesthetic, philosophical, and ‘condition of England’ questions that focused on the body. It is my hope that this reconsideration will help us better understand the Victorian foundations of our modern concerns with surveillance, medical research on human subjects, health and well-being in urban environments, and memorialization and care of the dead.

Sociology

Urban Health ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 188-197
Author(s):  
Lei Jin ◽  
Chenyu Ye ◽  
Eric Fong
Keyword(s):  
Urban Health ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Ethnic Relations ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Racial And Ethnic Relations ◽  
And Function ◽  
Development Structure ◽  
Health And Well Being

Sociology is perhaps best seen classically as the study of the development, structure, and function of human societies, and sociologists have long been interested in urbanization and the ways in which urban living influences people’s health and well-being. These interests intersect with other core sociological concerns, such as socioeconomic inequality, racial and ethnic relations, migration, social cohesion, and social control to inform unique sociological perspectives on urban health. Urban environments, bringing together heterogeneous populations in dynamic, rapidly evolving settings, are natural laboratories for understanding human societies, thus suggesting a critical role for sociological perspectives in the study of urban health. This chapter introduces a sociological lens to the study of urban health, offering how sociology can advance our understanding of the health of urban populations.

Mental Health and Vitality among Canadian Women with Physical Disabilities

2003 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-83
Author(s):  
R. Feld ◽  
A. Colantonio ◽  
K. Yoshida ◽  
F. Odette
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Physical Disabilities ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Sf 36 ◽  
Health Promotion Programs ◽  
Health And Well Being ◽  
Women With Physical Disabilities

This study investigated scores for mental health and vitality in a large community-based sample of women with physical disabilities. The scores from two subscales of the SF-36 were collected from 1,096 women with physical disabilities through a mailed survey regarding health and well-being. These scores were compared to normative data using t tests. The mean scores of the vitality subscale were significantly lower than that of the normed sample when analyzed by age groups. The mental health scores were significantly lower as well, except for one age group (65-74 yr.). These results suggest that health care workers should address aspects of mental health and energy when caring for women with physical disabilities, as these areas are often overlooked in this population. Health promotion programs aimed at these topics should be designed specifically for this population as well.

scholarly journals Research beyond biomedical confines: towards better mental health and well-being for all

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Jou Yin Teoh ◽  
Kee Hean Lim
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Well Being ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Neuroscience Research ◽  
Working Together ◽  
Health And Well Being

‘Working Together to Prevent Suicide’ is the theme of World Mental Health Day 2019. According to the World Health Organisation, suicide is the second leading cause of death for people aged 15-19 years old. One person dies of suicide every 40 seconds, with this form of death affecting people of all age groups in all countries. Hence in line with this year’s theme calling for a trans-sectoral and interdisciplinary approach to address this epidemic, we would like to invite all contributors and readers of Neuroscience Research Notes (NeurosciRN) to take a moment to reflect on how they - as researchers can contribute towards the facilitation, discussion and promotion of positive mental health, which in turn has been found to reduce suicide risk.

scholarly journals Associations between Neighborhood Characteristics, Well-Being and Health Vary over the Life Course

Gerontology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 362-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Eibich ◽  
Christian Krekel ◽  
Ilja Demuth ◽  
Gert G. Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Neighborhood Characteristics ◽  
Neighborhood Social Capital ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Health And Well Being

Background: Neighborhood characteristics are important determinants of individual health and well-being. For example, characteristics such as noise and pollution affect health directly, while other characteristics affect health and well-being by either providing resources (e.g. social capital in the neighborhood), which individuals can use to cope with health problems, or limiting the use thereof (e.g. crime). This also suggests that there might be age differentials in the impact of these characteristics, since individuals at different stages of life might need different resources. However, there is a lack of empirical evidence on age differentials in associations between well-being, health, and neighborhood characteristics. Objective: This paper studies associations between a wide range of neighborhood characteristics with the health and well-being of residents of the greater Berlin area. In particular, we focus on differences in the effects between younger (aged 20-35) and older (aged 60+) residents. Methods: We used data from the Berlin Aging Study II (312 younger and 993 older residents of the Berlin metropolitan area in Germany). We used survey data on health and well-being, combined these with subjective perceptions of the neighborhood, and geo-referenced indicators on the neighborhood, e.g. amenities (public transport, physicians, and hospitals). Results: The results show that access to public transportation is associated with better outcomes on all measures of health and well-being, and social support is associated with higher life satisfaction and better mental health. There are considerable differences between both age groups: while the associations between access to public transport and health and well-being are similar for both age groups, neighborhood social capital shows stronger associations for older residents. However, the difference is not always statistically significant. Conclusion: Having access to services is associated with better health and well-being regardless of age. Local policy makers should focus on lowering barriers to mobility in order to improve the health and well-being of the population. Since the social capital of a neighborhood is associated with better health and well-being among older residents, investments that increase social capital (e.g. community centers) might be warranted in neighborhoods with higher shares of older residents.

scholarly journals We the public space. Strategies to deal with inequalities in order to achieve inclusive and sustainable urban environments

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luisa Bravo
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Public Space ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Design Management ◽  
Kuala Lumpur ◽  
True Nature ◽  
The Public ◽  
Health And Well Being ◽  
New Urban Agenda

At the Ninth session of the World Urban Forum, convened by UN-Habitat, the United Nations Human Settlements Programme, held on 7-13 February 2018 in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, City Space Architecture was selected to coordinate a networking event, which took place on Sunday February 11 at the Kuala Lumpur Convention Centre.The networking event was intended to be an effective contribution to the discussion related to improvement of human health and well-being, overcoming discrimination and inequalities, thus giving rights to vulnerable community-groups. Those references are relevant both for the implementation of the New Urban Agenda and for the achievement of the SDGs. Human health and well-being are strongly related to public space and the way it is designed and managed. Nowadays we often record the increasingly privatisation of the public domain in direct and indirect ways; also, the lack of facilities to access, live and enjoy the public space often isolate communities, limiting their freedom to engage into the public sphere. We mainly refer to public space's cultural richness, identity and diversity, but in our contemporary times public space is dealing more and more with inequalities, poverty and conflicts. Public spaces are meant to be open, inclusive and democratic, but today we see physical, social and economic barriers that challenge the true nature of public space: economic issues, social and cultural segregation, huge real estate investments, privatization trends and gentrification processes are dominating aspirations of local communities and different social groups. We also experience theoretical barriers to an open discussion on public space: the discourse is often limited to specific national or linguistic areas and the dominance of exempla from the so-called global West or global North are limiting our knowledge about public space, often imposing an oversimplified view of public space design, management and use. Those barriers, physical and theoretical, are a threat to our communities in terms of access to basic needs; they are also an obstacle for the implementation of the New Urban Agenda and its principles.

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