scholarly journals A Field Key to Identify Common Wood Decay Fungal Species on Standing Trees

2007 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 410-420
Author(s):  
Paolo Gonthier ◽  
Giovanni Nicolotti
Keyword(s):  
Wood Decay ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Key To Species ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Wood Decay Fungi ◽  
Standing Trees

A field key to species is presented for the most important and widespread European wood-rotting basidiomycetes on standing trees. Sixty-four fungal taxa belonging to 36 genera and 17 families of Agaricales, Hymenochaetales, Polyporales, and Russulales are included in the key, which was mostly based on macroscopic features of the basidiomata. The key was validated in the field and allowed for easy recognition of wood decay fungi.

scholarly journals Altitudinal upwards shifts in fungal fruiting in the Alps

2020 ◽  
Vol 287 (1919) ◽  
pp. 20192348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Diez ◽  
Håvard Kauserud ◽  
Carrie Andrew ◽  
Einar Heegaard ◽  
Irmgard Krisai-Greilhuber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Fruit Body ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
European Alps ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Wood Decay Fungi ◽  
Physiological Limit ◽  
The Alps

Many plant and animal species are changing their latitudinal and/or altitudinal distributions in response to climate change, but whether fungi show similar changes is largely unknown. Here, we use historical fungal fruit body records from the European Alps to assess altitudinal changes in fungal fruiting between 1960 and 2010. We observe that many fungal species are fruiting at significantly higher elevations in 2010 compared to 1960, and especially so among soil-dwelling fungi. Wood-decay fungi, being dependent on the presence of one or a few host trees, show a slower response. Species growing at higher elevations changed their altitudinal fruiting patterns significantly more than lowland species. Environmental changes in high altitudes may lead to proportionally stronger responses, since high-altitude species live closer to their physiological limit. These aboveground changes in fruiting patterns probably mirror corresponding shifts in belowground fungal communities, suggesting parallel shifts in important ecosystem functions.

scholarly journals A Biomolecular Method for the Detection of Wood Decay Fungi: A Focus on Tree Stability Assessment

2009 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-19
Author(s):  
Giovanni Nicolotti ◽  
Paolo Gonthier ◽  
Fabio Guglielmo ◽  
Matteo Garbelotto
Keyword(s):  
Wood Decay ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Tree Stability ◽  
Chain Reactions ◽  
Multiplex Pcrs ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reactions ◽  
Detection And Identification ◽  
Wood Decay Fungi ◽  
Standing Trees ◽  
Identification Of Fungi

The detection and identification of wood-rotting fungi in standing trees is crucial for the prediction of the severity and evolution of decay. In the case of very active root and butt rot fungi, an early identification method is important to establish the more appropriate failure risk classification. This work is aimed at reviewing the biomolecular methods recently developed to identify, directly from wood, some of the most important and widespread decay fungi. The whole method is based on the use of taxonspecific primers combined in five multiplex polymerase chain reactions (PCRs). Three multiplex PCRs allow identifying Armillaria, Ganoderma, Hericium, Inonotus, Laetiporus sulphureus, Perenniporia fraxinea, Phellinus, Pleurotus, Schizophyllum, Stereum, Trametes, and Ustulina deusta. The two remaining multiplex PCRs were developed for subgeneric identification of fungi belonging to Ganoderma, Inonotus, and Phellinus. In validation assays, multiplex PCRs allowed successfully detecting fungi in 83% of wood samples collected from decay-affected trees. Thus, the methods proved to be efficient and specific for the diagnosis and the early detection of decay fungi on standing trees.

scholarly journals Application of ATR-FTIR Spectroscopy to Compare the Cell Materials of Wood Decay Fungi with Wood Mould Fungi

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barun Shankar Gupta ◽  
Bjørn Petter Jelle ◽  
Tao Gao
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Ftir Spectroscopy ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Protein Band ◽  
Band Ratio ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Postia Placenta ◽  
Wood Decay Fungi ◽  
Standing Trees

Wood fungi create vast damage among standing trees and all types of wood materials. The objectives of this study are to (a) characterize the cell materials of two major wood decay fungi (Basidiomycota), namely, Trametes versicolor and Postia placenta, and (b) compare the cell materials of decay fungi with four wood mould fungi (Ascomycota), namely, Aureobasidium pullulans, Alternaria alternata, Cladosporium cladosporioides, and Ulocladium atrum. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is used to characterize the microbial cellular materials. The results showed that the IR bands for the fatty acid at ∼2900 cm−1 were different for the two-decay-fungi genre. Postia placenta shows more absorbance peaks at the fatty acid region. Band ratio indices for amide I and amide II from protein amino acids were higher for the mould fungi (Ascomycota) than the decay fungi (Basidiomycota). Similarly, the band ratio index calculated for the protein end methyl group was found to be higher for the mould fungi than the decay fungi. Mould fungi along with the decay fungi demonstrated a positive correlation (R2=0.75) between amide I and amide II indices. The three-component multivariate, principal component analysis showed a strong correlation of amide and protein band indices.

Relationships between fungal endophytes and wood-rot fungi in wood of Platanus acerifolia in urban environments

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (7) ◽  
pp. 929-936 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina A. Robles ◽  
Silvia E. Lopez ◽  
Patricia D. McCargo ◽  
Cecilia C. Carmarán
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Healthy Plant ◽  
Platanus Acerifolia ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Wood Decay Fungi ◽  
Standing Trees ◽  
Different Levels

Urban forests, which are highly valuable for the urban environment, include trees from city streets that might be susceptible to wood-decay fungi. Fungal endophytes can colonize healthy plant tissues without causing external disease symptoms in standing trees. In this study, the diversity of endophytes isolated from wood of Platanus acerifolia (Aiton) Willd. from Buenos Aires, Argentina, is described and related to different levels of urban disturbance, tree age, and presence of wood-decay basidiomycetes. Samples were obtained from 28 asymptomatic trees (1643 wood core fragments) and 75 symptomatic trees (1516 wood sample fragments) from four sites with different levels of human disturbance. Fungal isolates were morphologically identified, and potential wood-decay isolates were phylogenetically analyzed. Twenty-seven endophytic taxa, including five basidiomycetes, were identified. The multivariate analysis suggested that the endophyte community of wood is highly influenced by the level of urban disturbance, followed by tree age and presence of potential pathogenic basidiomycetes.

scholarly journals Substrate specialization and distribution of fungi of the genus Trametes in the southeast of Western Siberia

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 39-42
Author(s):  
Vyacheslav Aleksandrovich Vlasenko
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Small Range ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Wood Decay Fungi ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Substrate Spectrum

The authors have studied the features of the substrate specificity of fungi of the genus Trametes s.l. in the southeast of Western Siberia, where this taxon has 10 species. Most species of fungi have a wide substrate spectrum, represented by the wood of various types of woody plants. Fungal species with a wide distribution and a high frequency of occurrence develop a wide range of substrates. Fungal species that are rare and common only in some localities are not numerous; they are characterized by a narrow substrate spectrum. Most species of fungi develop on hardwood, but only a few species can grow on coniferous wood in mountainous areas. Fungal substrates are represented by wood of sixteen species of angiosperms and one species of gymnosperms of woody plants. These ten species of fungi of the Trametes genus have been identified in natural plant communities in the southeast of Western Siberia, while only eight species have been found in anthropogenic habitats. The largest number of fungal species develops on large-sized tree species found in plant communities that are common in the studied region. The number of species of wood-decay fungi on shrubs is insignificant. A small range of species of wood-decay fungi is typical of introduced species (Linden, Oak, Manchurian Walnut, Apple, Ash, Mulberry) growing in urban plantings and in Botanical gardens. Species of fungi with a wide ecological amplitude can develop on the wood of introduced plants.

Fungi decaying the wood of fallen beech (Nothofagus) trees in the South Island of New Zealand

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian A. Hood ◽  
Rebecca L. McDougal ◽  
Chanatda Somchit ◽  
Mark O. Kimberley ◽  
Aymee S.R. Lewis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Selective Logging ◽  
Storm Damage ◽  
The South ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Molecular Approaches ◽  
Wood Decay Fungi ◽  
Basidiomycete Fungi

To extend present knowledge of communities of wood decay fungi in native forests, basidiomycetes and ascomycetes were isolated from within 15 fallen stems in beech (Nothofagus, Nothofagaceae) forests in the South Island of New Zealand. Fungal species were identified as precisely as possible using traditional culturing and molecular approaches. The internal distribution of species within stems was determined. Common fungi that occupied significant portions of stems were Ganoderma applanatum sensu Wakefield, Australoporus tasmanicus, Inonotus nothofagi, Pleurotus purpureo-olivaceus, and an unidentified hymenochaetaceous species. Richness and diversity of basidiomycete species were greater in stems of red beech (Nothofagus fusca (Hook. f.) Oerst.) and silver beech (Nothofagus menziesii (Hook. f.) Oerst.) than in those of matai (Prumnopitys taxifolia (Banks & Sol. ex D. Don) de Laub.; Podocarpaceae) and tawa (Beilschmiedia tawa (A. Cunn.) Kirk; Lauraceae), as determined from earlier studies in podocarp hardwood and beech indigenous forests. There was greater similarity in the species composition of basidiomycete fungi colonising the three beech species compared with those colonising rimu (Dacrydium cupressinum Sol. ex Lamb.; Podocarpaceae), tawa, and matai. Based on observations in this study and on international research on the effects of selective logging on basidiomycete biodiversity, the decision to restrict to 50% the extraction of wood following storm damage in beech forests on the West Coast of the South Island appears to have been appropriate.

scholarly journals Diversity, Abundance, and Distribution of Wood-Decay Fungi in Major Parks of Hong Kong

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1030
Author(s):  
Shunping Ding ◽  
Hongli Hu ◽  
Ji-Dong Gu
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Wood Decay Fungi ◽  
Old Trees ◽  
Abundance And Distribution

Wood-decay fungi are one of the major threats to the old and valuable trees in Hong Kong and constitute a main conservation and management challenge because they inhabit dead wood as well as living trees. The diversity, abundance, and distribution of wood-decay fungi associated with standing trees and stumps in four different parks of Hong Kong, including Hong Kong Park, Hong Kong Zoological and Botanical Garden, Kowloon Park, and Hong Kong Observatory Grounds, were investigated. Around 4430 trees were examined, and 52 fungal samples were obtained from 44 trees. Twenty-eight species were identified from the samples and grouped into twelve families and eight orders. Phellinus noxius, Ganoderma gibbosum, and Auricularia polytricha were the most abundant species and occurred in three of the four parks. Most of the species were detected on old trees, indicating that older trees were more susceptible to wood-decay fungi than younger ones. More wood-decay fungal species were observed on Ficus microcarpa trees than on other tree species. These findings expanded the knowledge of wood-decay fungi in urban environments in Hong Kong and provided useful information for the conservation of old trees and the protection of human life and property from the danger of falling trees.

Growth inhibition of wood-decay fungi by lignin-related aromatic compounds

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cédric Cabral Almada ◽  
Mathilde Montibus ◽  
Frédérique Ham-Pichavant ◽  
Sandra Tapin-Lingua ◽  
Gilles Labat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Aromatic Compounds ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Wood Decay Fungi

Aliphatic acids as spore germination inhibitors of wood-decay fungi in vitro

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 337-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elmer L. Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Spore Germination ◽  
Germ Tube ◽  
White Rot Fungi ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Malt Extract ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Aliphatic Acids ◽  
Wood Decay Fungi

Influences of eight saturated aliphatic acids (C5–C10, C12, and C16) on basidiospores of four isolates of wood-decay fungi (Poria tenuis and Trametes hispida, white rot fungi, and two isolates of the brown rot fungus Gloeophyllum trabeum) were observed in vitro. Spore responses after 24 h on malt extract agar containing 10, 102 or 103 ppm of each acid included normal germination, delay of germ tube emergence, vacuolation and degeneration of spore cytoplasm, and prevention of germ tube development without spore destruction. Acids of chain length C5–C10 prevented spore germination and killed spores of all fungi at concentrations of 20–50 ppm in media, whereas other acids tested were less active. Spore germination assay of decay fungi may prove useful as a screening tool to compare potency of wood preservatives.

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