scholarly journals Susceptibility of Three Rose Genotypes to Japanese Beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) Adult Feeding

2006 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 108-113
Author(s):  
Paul Tiddens ◽  
Raymond Cloyd
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pest ◽  
Multiple Choice ◽  
Choice Experiments ◽  
Popillia Japonica ◽  
Japanese Beetle ◽  
Knock Out ◽  
Public Gardens ◽  
Adult Feeding ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Rose

Japanese beetle (Popillia japonica) adults are a major insect pest of cultivated roses, causing extensive feeding damage to both foliage and flowers. Insecticides are primarily used to minimize adult injury to roses; however, insecticides may be harmful to natural enemies and their use may be restricted, particularly in public gardens. An alternative management strategy is the use of rose genotypes that express some level of herbivore tolerance. However, there is little information on rose genotypes that are tolerant or less susceptible to adult Japanese beetle leaf feeding. This study evaluated the susceptibility of three new rose genotypes introduced into the Crasberg Rose Garden at the Chicago Botanic Garden, Glencoe, Illinois, U.S. The genotypes were Rosa ‘Radrazz’ Knock Out™, Rosa ‘Crimson Bouquet,’ and Rosa ‘Love and Peace.’ Two laboratory experiments, a no-choice and multiple-choice leaf-feeding assay, were conducted in 2002 and 2003 to assess susceptibility of the new rose and two established genotypes to Japanese beetle adult feeding. Although there were significant statistical differences between the rose genotypes, in almost all cases the mean percentage damage rating exceeded 50%. Mean percentage damage ratings for the 2002 and 2003 no-choice experiments ranged from 15% to 78% and 60% to 75%, respectively. Mean percentage damage ratings for the 2002 and 2003 multiple-choice experiments ranged from 34% to 58% and 47% to 53%, respectively. These results indicate that all the rose genotypes tested are susceptible to Japanese beetle adult feeding and may not be appropriate selections for use in areas with established Japanese beetle populations.

scholarly journals Effect of Biopesticides on Foliar Diseases and Japanese Beetle (Popillia japonica) Adults in Roses (Rosaspp.), Oakleaf Hydrangea (Hydrangea quercifolia), and Crapemyrtle (Lagerstroemia indica)

2007 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 210-219
Author(s):  
M.T. Mmbaga ◽  
J.B. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Black Spot ◽  
Kaolin Clay ◽  
Popillia Japonica ◽  
Feeding Damage ◽  
Japanese Beetle ◽  
Foliar Diseases ◽  
Adult Feeding

This study evaluated efficacy of biopesticides for reducing foliar diseases and feeding damage from Japanese beetle adults on hybrid T rose (Rosa spp.), oakleaf hydrangea (Hydrangea quercifolia), and crapemyrtle (Lagerstroemia indica). The materials tested included household soaps with Triclosan active ingredient (Equate® and Ajax®), kaolin clay (Surround®), neem seed oil extract (Triact 70® and Neem Gold®), potassium salt of fatty acids (M-Pede®), horticultural oil (UltraFine® Sunspray oil), and bicarbonate salt (Armicarb®) applied to plants grown under greenhouse, shadehouse, and field conditions. Two fungicides, trifloxystrobin (Strobilurin) and triadimefon (Triazole), and the insecticide carbaryl were included for comparison. All materials tested were effective in controlling black spot (Marssonina rosae, anamorph Diplocarpon rosae) and powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca pannosa) of roses. Kaolin was effective in reducing disease severity of bacterial leaf spot (Xanthomonas campestris) on oakleaf hydrangea and powdery mildew of crapemyrtle. Based on data from repeated trials, the biopesticides were as effective as conventional fungicides in suppressing foliar diseases. Kaolin clay was as effective as carbaryl in controlling Japanese beetle adult feeding damage on oakleaf hydrangea, roses, and crapemyrtle, but other products were not effective. Results from this study indicate kaolin clay may be an alternative product to conventional pesticides in foliar diseases and insect pest management for roses, oakleaf hydrangea, and crapemyrtle.

POPILLIA JAPONICA (COLEOPTERA: SCARABAEIDAE): DISTRIBUTION AND MOVEMENT OF ADULTS IN HETEROGENEOUS ENVIRONMENTS

1983 ◽  
Vol 115 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacques Régnière ◽  
Robert L. Rabb ◽  
R. E. Stinner
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Popillia Japonica ◽  
Heterogeneous Environments ◽  
Japanese Beetle ◽  
Feeding Sites ◽  
Marginal Production ◽  
Adult Feeding ◽  
Agricultural Areas ◽  
Eastern North Carolina

AbstractAdult Japanese beetle populations were sampled continuously during the summers of 1978 and 1979 in two agricultural stations in eastern North Carolina. Patterns in trap capture were used to develop a conceptual model of the movements of this insect in agricultural areas. A partition of land area is proposed, based on four categories of sites from the point of view of suitability to this insect's reproduction and survival: (1) intensive production sites, (2) marginal production sites, (3) migration alleys, and (4) adult feeding sites. This partition is suggested as a framework for discussion and study of the population dynamics of the insect.

Size and shape assortative mating in Japanese beetles (Popillia japonica)

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (10) ◽  
pp. 691-695
Author(s):  
Clint D. Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Assortative Mating ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Popillia Japonica ◽  
Japanese Beetle ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Temporal Autocorrelation ◽  
Mating Opportunities ◽  
Body Shapes ◽  
Similar Body

Assortative mating is hypothesized to be a product of sexual selection, mating constraints, or temporal autocorrelation. I test these hypotheses in the Japanese beetle (Popillia japonica Newman, 1841), a sexually size dimorphic invasive insect pest in North America, by measuring the size and shape of bodies and wings of pair members in a wild population. Because male P. japonica prefer to mate with larger females and larger males outcompete rivals for mating opportunities, sexual selection is expected to produce size-related assortative mating. The current study did not support this hypothesis. The mating constraints hypothesis was also not supported because beetle pairs did not have similar body shapes. I, however, did find support for the temporal autocorrelation hypothesis as the wing size and shape of pair members were significantly correlated. This mating pattern likely arises due to individuals with larger and more slender wings arriving earlier at aggregation sites and pairing according to their arrival sequence. Although I found less support for the sexual selection hypothesis, I argue that mate choice might play an important, but secondary, role to temporal autocorrelation in explaining assortative mating in Japanese beetles.

scholarly journals Sexual selection on size and shape in Japanese beetles (Popillia japonica)

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 1073-1083 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clint D Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Mating Success ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Popillia Japonica ◽  
Female Size ◽  
Male Body ◽  
Japanese Beetle ◽  
Size Dimorphism ◽  
Selection For

Abstract The mobility hypothesis argues that species in which males compete for mates in scrambles often exhibit female-biased size dimorphism because smaller male body size should increase male mobility and success in searching for mates. Sexual dimorphism can be further exaggerated if fecundity or sexual selection concurrently selects for larger female size. Scramble competition can select for trait characteristics that optimize locomotion; for example, long and slender wings should be favored if aerial speed is important to mating success. I tested these predictions in the scrambling Japanese beetle (Popillia japonica), a female-biased size dimorphic insect pest that is invasive to North America. Multivariate selection analyses support the prediction that smaller body size and larger wings in males benefit their mating success. My analyses also revealed significant selection for larger wings in females but, contrary to prediction, direct sexual selection favors smaller body size in females. These results support the mobility hypothesis and partially explain the evolution of female-biased size dimorphism in this species. Sexual selection favored rounder bodies in females and more tapered bodies in males, whereas, in both sexes, the effect of wing shape appears less important to fitness than wing size.

scholarly journals Mechanics-based analysis of selected features of the exoskeletal microstructure of Popillia japonica

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (11) ◽  
pp. 3253-3267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Cheng ◽  
Liyun Wang ◽  
Anette M. Karlsson
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Fiber Orientation ◽  
Fracture Resistance ◽  
Interfacial Strength ◽  
Maximum Tensile Stress ◽  
Popillia Japonica ◽  
Japanese Beetle ◽  
Mechanical Responses ◽  
Helicoidal Structure

We explore key mechanical responses of the layered microstructure found in selected parts of the exoskeletons (pronotum, leg and elytron) of Popillia japonica (Japanese beetle). Image analyses of exoskeleton cross-sections reveal four distinct layered regions. The load-bearing inner three regions (exocuticle, mesocuticle, and endocuticle) consist of multiple chitin-protein layers, in which chitin fibers align in parallel. The exocuticle and mesocuticle have a helicoidal structure, where the stacking sequence is characterized by a gradual rotation of the fiber orientation. The endocuticle has a pseudo-orthogonal structure, where two orthogonal layers are joined by a thin helicoidal region. The mechanics-based analyses suggest that, compared with the conventional cross-ply structure, the pseudo-orthogonal configuration reduces the maximum tensile stress over the exoskeleton cross-section and increases the interfacial fracture resistance. The coexistence of the pseudo-orthogonal and helicoidal structures reveals a competition between the in-plane isotropy and the interfacial strength in nature’s design of the biocomposite.

scholarly journals Geographical matching of volatile signals and pollinator olfactory responses in a cycad brood-site mutualism

2015 ◽  
Vol 282 (1816) ◽  
pp. 20152053 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terence N. Suinyuy ◽  
John S. Donaldson ◽  
Steven D. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Choice Experiments ◽  
Local Region ◽  
The Other ◽  
Beetle Species ◽  
Olfactory Preference ◽  
Olfactory Responses ◽  
Volatile Emissions ◽  
Extant Species ◽  
Insect Pollinators ◽  
Almost All

Brood-site mutualisms represent extreme levels of reciprocal specialization between plants and insect pollinators, raising questions about whether these mutualisms are mediated by volatile signals and whether these signals and insect responses to them covary geographically in a manner expected from coevolution. Cycads are an ancient plant lineage in which almost all extant species are pollinated through brood-site mutualisms with insects. We investigated whether volatile emissions and insect olfactory responses are matched across the distribution range of the African cycad Encephalartos villosus . This cycad species is pollinated by the same beetle species across its distribution, but cone volatile emissions are dominated by alkenes in northern populations, and by monoterpenes and a pyrazine compound in southern populations. In reciprocal choice experiments, insects chose the scent of cones from the local region over that of cones from the other region. Antennae of beetles from northern populations responded mainly to alkenes, while those of beetles from southern populations responded mainly to pyrazine. In bioassay experiments, beetles were most strongly attracted to alkenes in northern populations and to the pyrazine compound in southern populations. Geographical matching of cone volatiles and pollinator olfactory preference is consistent with coevolution in this specialized mutualism.

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