INTERACTION EFFECTS BETWEEN WATER HARVESTING TECHNIQUES AND SPACING ON GRAIN YIELD AND ABOVE GROUND BIOMASS OF COWPEA

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-69
Author(s):  
Armara Macimiliam Galwab ◽  
Prof. Peter Kamau
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Interaction Effects ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Water Harvesting ◽  
Unique Contribution ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
Harvesting Techniques

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the interaction effects between  water harvesting techniques and spacing on grain yield and above ground biomass of cowpea.Methodology: A randomized complete block design was used. Field experiments were conducted. The study was conducted at Agriculture demonstration farm (Dakabaricha) and Yayo’s farm(Nagayo) and a private farm Demo farm. There were 18 treatment combinations consisting of three water harvesting techniques and two intra-row spacing.Results: The use of tied ridges (W3/S2) as the first and open ridges (W2/S1) as the second efficient techniques of water harvesting for this specific condition (Arid and semi-arid). In line with the above ground biomass, tied ridges with a spacing of 60 x 20cm planting could be safely recommended as the first and effective type of water harvesting techniques for use as a means of soil and water conservation for rain-fed cowpea under the prevailing conditions. The results of the study also showed that water harvesting techniques had a significant effect on the growth and yield of cowpea (Katumani K80).Unique  Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Farmers are encourage to give more emphasis to water harvesting techniques in situ and drought tolerant crops (DTC) which are high yielding in order to bost the economic of the resource poor residence in the area through capacity building. An assessment of adaptation of more cowpea genotypes at different environments across years is recommended. The investigation provided sufficiently evidence to continue with further studies. 

scholarly journals EFFECT OF SPACING ON GRAIN YIELD AND ABOVE GROUND BIOMASS OF COWPEA

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Armara Macimiliam Galwab ◽  
Prof. Peter Kamau
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Water Harvesting ◽  
Unique Contribution ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Harvesting Techniques ◽  
Private Farm

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of spacing on grain yield and above ground biomass of cowpea. Methodology: A randomized complete block design was used. Field experiments were conducted. The study was conducted at Agriculture demonstration farm (Dakabaricha) and Yayo’s farm(Nagayo) and a private farm Demo farm. There were 18 treatment combinations consisting of three water harvesting techniques and two intra-row spacing. Results:Tied ridges with cross bars at 2.5m interval with the spacing of 60 x 20cm (W3 /S1) and open ridges with a spacing of 60 x 20cm (W3/S1) recorded the highest grain yield of 1408 kg/ha and 1296 kg/ha respectively. Unique  Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy:An assessment of adaptation of more cowpea genotypes at different environments across years is recommended. The investigation provided sufficiently evidence to continue with further studies.

Evaluate the establishment techniques on growth and yield of rice

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Senthil Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Straw Yield ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Matter Production

Field experiments were conducted at Agricultural Research Station, Thirupathisaram, Tamil Nadu during <italic>kharif</italic> and <italic>rabi</italic> seasons of 2011-12 to evaluate the different establishment techniques on growth and yield of rice. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with four replications. The treatment structure comprises of wet seeding, drum seeding, random transplanting, line planting, SRI square planting and SRI machine planting. Among the different establishment techniques, SRI machine planting significantly influenced the growth and yield characters and yield and which was on par with SRI square planting. The maximum plant height, number of tillers hill<sup>−1</sup>, LAI, dry matter production, number of panicles m<sup>−2</sup>, number of grains panicle<sup>−1</sup>, panicle length, grain yield and straw yield were recorded under SRI machine planting during <italic>kharif</italic> and <italic>rabi</italic>. The lowest grain yield and straw yield were recorded under wet seeding during both <italic>kharif</italic> and <italic>rabi</italic>.

scholarly journals Nutrient Management for Higher Productivity of Swarna Sub1 under Flash Floods Areas

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 101-114
Author(s):  
Sarita Manandhar ◽  
Bedanand Chaudhary ◽  
Ashish K. Srivastava ◽  
Sudhanshu Singh ◽  
Uma Shankar Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Flash Flood ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Flash Floods ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Plant Survival

Two field experiments were conducted at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Tarahara, Nepal during 2012 and 2013 to determine the effect of agronomic management on growth and yield of Swarna Sub1 under flash floods. The first experiment was laid out in a split plot design with three replications; and four different nutrient combinations at nursery as main plots and three age groups of rice seedlings as sub plots. The second experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design and replicated thrice; with three post flood nutrient doses at six and 12 days after de-submergence (dad). The experiments were complete submerged at 10 days after transplanting for 12 days. The survival percentage, at 21 dad, was significantly higher in plots planted with 35 (90.25%) and 40 (91.58%) days-old seedlings compared to 30 days-old seedlings (81.75%). Plots with 35 days-old seedlings produced 5.15 t ha-1 with advantage of 18.83% over 30 days-old seedlings. Plots with 100-50-50 kg N-P2O5-K2O/ha at nursery recorded the highest grain filling of 79.41% and grain yield of 5.068 t/ha with more benefit. Post flood application of 20-20 N-K20kg/ha at 6 dad resulted in higher plant survival and taller plants, leading to significantly higher grain yield of 5.183 t/ha and straw yield of 5.315 t/ha. Hence, 35-40 days old seedlings raised with 100-50-50 kg N-P2O5-K2O /ha in nursery and the additional application of20-20 kg N-K2O /ha at 6 dad improved plant survival and enhanced yield of Swarna Sub1 under flash flood conditions. The practice has prospects of saving crop loss with getting rice yield above national average yield leading to enhanced food security in the flood prone areas of Nepal.

scholarly journals Effect of Plant Population on Yield of Selected Maize (Zea mays L.) Varieties in Mwea and Bura in Kenya

2021 ◽  
pp. 32-40
Author(s):  
Daudi Dindi Aleri ◽  
Josiah M. Kinama ◽  
George N. Chemining’wa
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
Tana River ◽  
Short Rainy Season ◽  
Maize Varieties

The objective of the study was to determine the effect of plant population on the growth and yield of maize. The study was conducted during the short rainy season of December 2018 and April 2019 in Mwea, Kirinyaga County and Bura, Tana River County, in Kenya. An experiment was set in a split-split plot design with three replications. Five selected maize (Zea mays) varieties commonly grown in these areas namely: Pioneer, DH04, Sungura, SC Duma and DH02 were grown under three plant population densities namely: 53,333, 66,666 and 88,888 plants ha-1 under irrigated conditions. Cob length, ear height, plant height, above ground biomass and grain yield data was collected. Plant population had significant effects on the grain yield and yield components of the selected maize varieties. The plant population of 53,333 plants ha-1 gave significantly higher above ground biomass in Mwea than population of 88,888 plants ha-1, though not significantly different from population of 66,666 plants ha-1. In Bura, the plant population of 88,888 plants ha-1 gave significantly higher above ground biomass than that of 66,666 and 53,333 plants ha-1 respectively. An increase in plant population reduced the grain yield of the selected maize varieties but increased the above ground biomass of the varieties.

scholarly journals Biochar Integration with Legume Crops in Summer Gape Synergizes Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Enhance Maize Yield

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fazal Jalal ◽  
Muhammad Arif ◽  
Kashif Akhtar ◽  
Aziz Khan ◽  
Misbah Naz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
N Use Efficiency ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Cropping Pattern ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
N Use

Besides carbon (C) sequestration, biochar (BC) is recently believed to deliver multiple eco-friendly benefits to the soil for enhancing crop productivity. Use of mineral fertilizers coupled with BC been suggested a promising sustainable strategy for increasing crops yield. However, imperative study is needed to investigate (1) BC integration with multiple legumes crop adjusted in summer gape for pooling more organic carbon and nitrogen, and (2) subsequently looking into its synergism with mineral N in the following crop. Therefore, two years’ field experiments were conducted on maize under cereal based cropping pattern with the adjustment of legumes (i.e., mungbean, cowpea, and Sesbania) with a fallow in summer. In legumes, treatments consist of (0 and 50 t ha−1) BC application. However, N rates of 0, 90, 120, 150 kg ha−1 were added to the subsequent maize crop. Preceding legumes plots with the use of 50 t ha−1 biochar enhanced maize grain yield, above ground biomass, stover N, grain N, soil C, and N content after maize harvest and N use efficiency as compared to non-legumes with BC and legumes without BC plots. N application increased grain yield, above-ground biomass, stover N, grain N, and soil N but reduced N use efficiency with higher rates. Conclusively, the integration of biochar and legumes is a promising option for increasing the entire farm production of cereal-based cropping systems. This increment in yield was associated with supplying a viable input of N and C to soil and increased yields from this supplementary ‘summer gap’ crop.

scholarly journals Integrated Use of Herbicide and Weed Mulch with Closer Spacing for Weed Management in Dry Direct Seeded Rice

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 222-227
Author(s):  
Sagarika Malik ◽  
◽  
B. Duary ◽  
D. K. Jaiswal ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Direct Seeded ◽  
The Impact

The field experiments were conducted during the wet season of 2015 and 2016 (June to October) at Agricultural Farm, Institute of Agriculture, Visva-Bharati, Sriniketan, India to study the impact of integrated use of weed mulch and herbicide with closer spacing on weed growth and yield of direct seeded dry sown rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivar MTU 1010. The experiment consisted of twelve treatments involving sole or integrated application of pre-emergence herbicide pendimethalin, mulching with water hyacinth and Indigofera weed and closer row spacing of 20 cm. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications. The experimental field was infested with 14 weeds out of which the predominant species were Cynodon dactylon, Echinochloa colona, Cyperus iria, Ludwigia parviflora, Hydrolea zeylanica, Spilanthes acmella, Alternanthera sessilis, Commelina benghalensis and Cyanotis axillaris. Integration of pendimethalin at 0.75 kg ha-1 and mulching with water hyacinth and closer spacing reduced weed dry weight by 75.92% over the weedy check. Integration of mulching with water hyacinth and closer spacing increased grain yield by 37.27 and 41.12% over sole application of pendimethalin and water hyacinth mulch, respectively. Weed competition resulted in 57% reduction in grain yield of rice. Hand weeding twice (25 and 45 DAS) had a significant effect on the reduction of weed density and dry weight and increasing grain yield of rice which was followed by application of pendimethalin 0.75 kg ha-1 along with mulching with water hyacinth at a closer row spacing of 20 cm.

Characterisation of a windbreak system on the south coast of Western Australia. 2. Crop growth

2002 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 717 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Sudmeyer ◽  
P. R. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Evaporative Demand ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
Wind Events ◽  
Similar Area

This paper, which is the second in a series of three, describes dryland crop growth and yields in a windbreak bay in south-western Australia and relates changes to microclimate modification by the windbreaks. Over the 4 years of this trial, above ground biomass and the development rate of crops 3–20 times the tree height from the windbreak (H) were similar to crops growing in unsheltered conditions (more than 20 H from the windbreaks). Grain yield was 16–30% higher between 3 H and 20 H than at more than 20 H in 1994, the driest year on record for the district, in other years yield was largely unchanged. In contrast, above ground biomass growth was consistently less within 3 H than further from the windbreaks and grain yield within 3 H was 19–27% less than unsheltered yield. Water use by the trees is the most likely cause of reduced yield within 3 H. Over the 4 years, mean grain yield between 0.5 H and 20 H was 3.8% greater than yield at more than 20 H. This increase was largely due to the yield increase in 1994. As 5.4% of the paddock was directly occupied by, or uncropped next to, the windbreaks, there was a net yield decrease of 2.8% over 4 years compared to estimated production from a similar area with no windbreaks. The principle benefits of the windbreaks were reducing evaporative demand in extremely dry years and protection against extreme wind events. These benefits must be weighed against the costs of establishing and maintaining windbreak systems.

scholarly journals Correlation and path analysis of yield and its components and plant traits in wheat

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 1701-1708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauro Akio Okuyama ◽  
Luiz Carlos Federizzi ◽  
José Fernandes Barbosa Neto
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Path Analysis ◽  
Plant Traits ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Phenotypic Correlation ◽  
Path Coefficient ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
Correlation And Path Analysis ◽  
Positive Direct

This study was aimed to characterize yield components and plant traits related to grain yield. Correlation and path analysis were carried out in wheat genotypes grown under irrigated and non-irrigated field conditions. In the path coefficient analysis, grain yield represented the dependent variable and the number of spikes m-2, number of grains spike-1, kernel weight, days to anthesis, above-ground biomass m-2 and plant height were the independent ones. In both years, periods without rain occurred from early milk to grain ripening and from flag leaf sheath opening to grain ripening for first and second sowing dates, respectively. Character associations were similar in both water regimes. Grain yield showed positive phenotypic correlation with above-ground biomass, number of spikes m-2 and number of grains per spike. Path analysis revealed positive direct effect and moderate correlation of number of spike m-2 and number of grains per spike with grain yield. These results indicated that the number of spikes m-2 and the number of grains per spike followed by the above-ground biomass were the traits related to higher grain yield, under irrigated and late season water stress conditions.

Legumes intercropped with spring barley contribute to increased biomass production and carry-over effects

2011 ◽  
Vol 150 (5) ◽  
pp. 584-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. A. PAPPA ◽  
R. M. REES ◽  
R. L. WALKER ◽  
J. A. BADDELEY ◽  
C. A. WATSON
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Sole Crop ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Grain Crop ◽  
Carry Over

SUMMARYIntercropping systems that include legumes can provide symbiotically fixed nitrogen (N) and potentially increase yield through improved resource use efficiency. The aims of the present study were: (a) to evaluate the effects of different legumes (species and varieties) and barley on grain yield, dry matter production and N uptake of the intercrop treatments compared with the associated cereal sole crop; (b) to assess the effects on the yields of the next grain crop and (c) to determine the accumulation of N in shoots of the crops in a low-input rotation. An experiment was established near Edinburgh, UK, consisting of 12 hydrologically isolated plots. Treatments were a spring barley (Hordeum vulgare cvar Westminster) sole crop and intercrops of barley/white clover (Trifolium repens cvar Alice) and barley/pea (Pisum sativum cvar Zero4 or cvar Nitouche) in 2006. All the plots were sown with spring oats (Avena sativa cvar Firth) in 2007 and perennial ryegrass in 2008. No fertilizers, herbicides or pesticides were used at any stage of the experiment. Above-ground biomass (barley, clover, pea, oat and ryegrass) and grain yields (barley, pea and oat) were measured at key stages during the growing seasons of 2006, 2007 and 2008; land equivalent ratio (LER) was measured only in 2006. At harvest, the total above-ground biomass of barley intercropped with clover (4·56 t biomass/ha) and barley intercropped with pea cvar Zero4 (4·49 t biomass/ha) were significantly different from the barley sole crop (3·05 t biomass/ha; P<0·05). The grain yield of the barley (2006) intercropped with clover (3·36 t grain/ha) was significantly greater than that in the other treatments (P<0·01). The accumulation of N in barley was low in 2006, but significantly higher (P<0·05) in the oat grown the following year on the same plots. The present study demonstrates for the first time that intercrops can affect the grain yield and N uptake of the following crop (spring oats) in a rotation. Differences were also linked to the contrasting legume species and cultivars present in the previous year's intercrop. Legume choice is essential to optimize the plant productivity in intercropping designs. Cultivars chosen for intercropping purposes must take into account the effects upon the growth of the partner crop/s as well as to the following crop, including environmental factors.

scholarly journals Effects of Cover Methods and Nitrogen Levels on the Growth and Yield of Tomato

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 1021-1033
Author(s):  
Nguyen Thi Loan ◽  
Tran Thi My Can
Keyword(s):  
Yield Components ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Black Plastic

To study the effects of cover methods and nitrogen (N) levels on the growth and yield components of tomato Cv. Pear F1, field experiments with a 4x3 factorial design were conducted in the 2019 spring and winter seasons using a randomized complete block design with three replications. The cover methods included four treatments: bare soil (BS), black plastic mulch (BPM), transparent polypropylene row cover (RC), and a combination of BPM and RC (BPMRC) with the RC removed approximately 30 days after transplanting. Nitrogen (N) was applied at three levels (150, 180, and 210 kg N ha-1). Using BPM and RC generally led to an increased air temperature, air humidity, soil moisture, and soil temperature compared to the BS treatment. Higher N rates (180 and 210 kg N ha-1) did not result  in different tomato fruit sizes and fruit weights but positively increased fruit yield and quality (Brix values and fruit dry weight) as compared to the 150 kg N ha-1 addition. The cover methods positively affected the yield components and fruit yield of tomato as well as the fruit characteristics compared to the BS treatment. Using cover materials (BPM and RC) combined with a higher N application significantly increased the yield attributes and fruit yield. The highest fruit yield was achieved under the mulching treatment by black plastic (BPM treatment) combined with a 210 kg N ha-1 application, resulting in 50.90 tons ha-1 in the spring and 58.27 tons ha-1 in the winter.

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