Taking action on prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases in Bhutan by strengthening gross national happiness

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-50
Author(s):  
Gyambo Sithey ◽  
Anne Marie Thow ◽  
Jayendra Sharma ◽  
Karma Lhazin ◽  
Mu Li
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Gross National Happiness ◽  
National Happiness ◽  
And Control

Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are major public health problem in Bhutan, accounting for 68% of total deaths. The growing epidemic of NCDs threatens the achievement of Gross National Happiness (GNH). NCDs are the results of complex interaction of social and economic risk factors and change in diet and lifestyle. Effective action to prevent and control these diseases requires a whole-of-government approach.In this paper we review new evidence to support political priority for NCDs in Bhutan. One third of the Bhutanese are overweight (33%) and hypertensive (35.7), and 6.4% are diabetic. The prevalence of modifiable risk factors is also very high. We also present the analysis of strategic policy opportunities for health sector to integrate the ‘Multisectoral national action plan for the prevention and control of NCDs, 2015-2020’ into policies across all relevant sectors. Our analysis has identified three specific opportunities for the health sector to engage strategically to strengthen action on NCDs and GNH, concurrently: 1) raising priority actions on NCDs within the existing GNH multisectoral committee, to achieve both health and happiness objectives; 2) identifying shared agenda between NCDs and GNH to achieve both health and happiness objectives; and 3) identifying shared GNH determinants between NCDs and GNH to enhance action on NCDs. Addressing NCDs aligns with the optimization of Gross National Happiness. It is imperative that the Government of Bhutan recognize that action on NCDs is an integral element for achieving GNH.

scholarly journals Six Year Trend Analysis of Malaria Prevalence in Bati District, Northeastern Ethiopia: A Retrospective Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chala Daba ◽  
Edosa Kebede ◽  
Amanuel Atamo ◽  
Semere Reda
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Trend Analysis ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Malaria Incidence ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Malaria Prevalence ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background: Malaria is still the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries including Ethiopia. Ethiopia is planned to minimize forty percent of malaria incidence at the end of 2020 by applying different prevention and control method. There is limited information about trend of malaria in the study area. Therefore, this study was designed to address this gap. Methods: Institutional based retrospective study was conducted from to determine a six-year trend analysis of malaria prevalence in the Bati district. All malaria cases were carefully reviewed by trained laboratory technologists from the laboratory record books of Bati hospital and health center. The data was entered in to excel 2013 and descriptive statistics were used to determine frequencies and percentages of malaria cases, trends of malaria transmission in terms of years and seasonal distribution. Result: A total of 84,269 and 22,185 malaria suspected patients were requested for blood films and Rapid diagnostic tests (RDT) respectively. Of this, 12,032 (11.3%) malaria cases were microscopically confirmed. Plasmodium falciparum were the most dominant parasite detected, which accounted for 57.6 %. The highest peak of malaria cases was reported during the summer season. The majority of the cases (57.2%) were reported among the >15 years age groupConclusion: Malaria is still a major public health problem in the study area. In order to decrease the number of malaria cases further, government, all healthcare workers, and community should strengthen and scale up malaria prevention and control strategies in the study area.

scholarly journals Breast cancer in Latin America: global burden, patterns, and risk factors

2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amina Amadou ◽  
Gabriela Torres-Mejía ◽  
Pierre Hainaut ◽  
Isabelle Romieu
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Develop Breast Cancer ◽  
Reproductive Pattern ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Sedentary Behaviours ◽  
Unhealthy Diet ◽  
And Control

Breast cancer is a major public health problem in Latin America (LA) and the most common form of cancer among women. An important variability according to ethnicity/race with respect to incidence/mortality, clinical characteristics, and prognosis is observed throughout LA. In addition, women are more likely to develop breast cancer (BC) at younger age and to be diagnosed at an advanced stage compared to western women. While little is known about specific risk factors, changes in reproductive pattern (parity, breastfeeding) and lifestyle factors including sedentary behaviours, unhealthy diet, and alcohol intake may contribute to the increase of BC incidence. In this paper we give an overview of the burden and patterns of BC, review the leading causes of BC and discuss the possible ways to improve BC preven- tion and control in LA.

scholarly journals Efektivitas Booklet Dan Wondershare Video Dalam Meningkatkan Pengetahuan Dan Perilaku Jumantik-PSN Dan Angka Bebas Jentik Pada SMP Negeri Kecamatan Jekan Raya Kota Palangka Raya

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-90
Author(s):  
Natalansyah Natalansyah
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Community Participation ◽  
School Children ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Video Group ◽  
And Control

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever is a contagious disease and is a major public health problem in Indonesia. Palangkaraya City's DBD IR for three years has continued to increase and become 68% and CFR 2% in 2018, this is due to the community's participation in PSN activities that have not been carried out optimally. One of the strategies to optimize community participation in the prevention and control of Dengue Fever is the empowerment of students with video media and booklets in improving the behavior of Jumantik-PSN school children. The purpose of this study was to determine the differences in the use of the WonderShare video media with booklets in increasing the behavior of jumantik-PSN school children and larva free rates in SMP Negeri 9 and 16 in the area of Kayon Puskesmas, Jekan Raya District, Palangka Raya City. This study used an experimental design. Two groups of pre and posttest designs. Samples were 50 students in grade 7 & 8, each of 25 groups of video media and booklets, instruments used were WonderShare videos, booklets, questionnaires, checklist sheets. The results showed that the independent t-test - there was a difference in the increase in mean scores, Knowledge between the video group and the booklet: P = 0.041 (P <0.5)Conclusion: Video media is effective in increasing Jumantik-PSN knowledge of school children and reducing larva free rates. Suggestion: to schools and Puskesmas to innovate counseling media with WonderShare video (video via WhatsApp) in increasing Jumantik-PSN's knowledge about the prevention and prevention of DHF so as to reduce larva free rates and cases.

Stewardship of noncommunicable diseases in Iran: a qualitative study

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Taha Nasiri ◽  
Shahram Yazdani ◽  
Lida Shams ◽  
Amirhossein Takian
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Health System ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
World Health ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
National Action Plan ◽  
Content Type ◽  
And Control

PurposeNoncommunicable diseases (NCDs) count for over 80% of premature death worldwide. More than 76% of the total burden of diseases in Iran is devoted to NCDs. In line with the World Health Organization action plan, Iran has developed its national action plan that led to establishment of the National Committee for Prevention and Control of NCDs (INCDC), whose aim is 30% mortality reduction attributed to NCDs by 2030. The stewardship of health system is the cornerstone of performing and sustaining meaningful actions toward prevention and control of NCDs. The literature is tiny on how to materialize the stewardship and governance of health system. The purpose of this article is to report the findings of a national study that aimed to identity functions and subfunctions of stewardship of NCDs and its related risk factors in Iran.Design/methodology/approachThis is a qualitative study. The authors conducted interviews with 18 purposefully selected interviewees until the authors reached saturation. Thematic content analysis was used for analysis and MAXQDA 10 was employed for data management. The difficulty of coordinating with interviewers and health policymakers in the field slowed the process of research progress.FindingsThe authors identified seven themes and categorized them as main functions for appropriate stewardship of NCDs in Iran, including intelligence generation; strategic framework; evidence-based policies/decisions; system design; resource allocation/development; capacity-building and enforcement/alignment; and categorized them as important.Practical implicationsThe seven themes presented as stewardship functions include concepts and practical examples of the experiences and performance of leading countries in the field of NCDs control that can help policymakers and health managers for better descion-making.Originality/valueIran adopted its national action plan in 2015 and WHO selected Iran as a fast-track country in 2017. The study confirmed that to achieve the global targets, appropriate and contextual stewardship for any specific setting is fundamental. Iran needs to improve its stewardship for prevention and control of NCDs and implement its national action plan. Therefore, the functions and policies outlined in this article for the proper performance of NCDs can improve more meaningful practices in this area in Iran and many other countries.

scholarly journals Diet related NCDs: Time for action

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-132
Author(s):  
Shah Md Mahfuzur Rahman ◽  
Shah Monir Hossain ◽  
Mahmood Uz Jahan
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
World Health ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
High Sugar ◽  
And Control

Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are the leading cause of mortality and morbidity, and posing significant challenges both in developed and developing countries including Bangladesh. In 2016, of the total 56.9 million global deaths, 71.0%, were due to NCDs. Some 85.0% of premature deaths from NCDs, are in low and middle income countries, where greater burden of undernutrition and infectious diseases exist.1-3 Evidence suggests a higher age specific mortality for NCDs among Bangladeshi population compared to Western populations, which putting burden on healthcare systems. 4 Bangladesh NCD Risk Factors Survey, 2018 showed that among the adult population, the mean salt intake was 16.5 gram per day and the prevalence of dislipidaemia was 28.4 %.5 Sugar consumption also continues to rise, driven by increased intake of beverages, biscuits, sweets and confectionary items. Industrially produced transfat in some food items is also an important issue in the country. Malnutrition is a key risk factor for NCDs. Globally, nearly one in three people has at least one form of malnutrition, and this will reach one in two by 2025, based on current trends.6-8 All forms of malnutrition are caused by unhealthy, poor quality diets. Unhealthy diets that include high sugar, salt and fat intake, malnutrition, and NCDs are closely linked. Not only on the health, malnutrition and diet related NCDs pose a substantial burden on the economy and development. Food systems worldwide face major challenges, such as population growth, globalisation, urbanisation, and climate change. Today’s food systems are broken and do not deliver nutritious, safe, affordable, and sustainable diets; they undermine nutrition in several ways, particularly for vulnerable and marginalised populations. Billions of dollars are spent annually marketing foods high in calories, fats, sugars, and salt, and intake has increased globally, including in low income countries.8 United Nations (UN) is well committed to prevent and control noncommunicable diseases through adopting series of resolutions in its General Assembly.  In 2013, Member States of the World Health Organization (WHO) resolved to develop and implement national action plans, in line with the Global Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases (2013–2020).9 NCDs are also embedded in sustainable development goal (SDG) target 3.4, that is, to reduce by one-third the premature mortality from noncommunicable diseases by 2030. NCDs are also linked to other SDGs, notably SDG 1 to end poverty. In 2017, the WHO Global Conference on Noncommunicable Diseases reaffirmed noncommunicable diseases as a sustainable development priority in the Montevideo roadmap 2018–2030.10 Bangladesh has also developed the Multisectoral Action Plan for Prevention and Control                             of Noncommunicable Diseases 2018-2025, with a three-year operational plan.11 Earlier the country has developed National Nutrition Policy, 2015, Second National Plan of Action for Nutrition, 2016-2025, Dietary Guidelines and other policies, strategies and action plan. The country is putting efforts for the prevention and control of malnutrition and NCDs. Furthermore,  to prevent and control the diet related noncommunicable diseases across the life cycle nutrition labelling, re-formulation of food standards with limiting high sugar, salt and fat, and banning industrial transfats; restriction of food advertising particularly marketing of unhealthy foods to children, imposing tax on sugar sweetened drinks, junk food etc. Aimed at behavior change communication, mass-media campaigns, nutritional advice and nutrition education on NCDs in general and diet related NCDs in particular are thus recommended.

scholarly journals Assessment of Depression in Patients with COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liliana Baroiu ◽  
Elena Dumea ◽  
Florentina Năstase ◽  
Elena Niculeț ◽  
Silvia Fotea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
First Year ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
High Genetic Variability ◽  
Favorable Prognosis ◽  
Prevention And Control Measures ◽  
And Control

The COVID-19 pandemic is probably the greatest natural disaster of our generation and the 21st century with a great impact on mental health. The present study aims to quantify, with the help of the Beck questionnaire, the degree of depression in a group of 109 patients with moderate forms of COVID-19, hospitalized in the Second Clinic of the Clinical Hospital for Infectious Diseases St. Cuv. Parascheva Galati during the period: 1.01-30.03.2021. Of these, 35 patients (32.11%) had varying degrees of depression, and had an age and body mass index statistically significantly higher than those without depression. These patients also had statistically significantly higher Charlson scores of cumulative comorbidities and required longer hospitalization than patients without depression. The severity of COVID-19 and the percentage of favorable prognosis did not show statistically significant differences between the two groups. Our study reveals a lower incidence of depression among patients with COVID-19 compared to existing studies in the literature. This can be explained by the fact that our study is conducted at the end of the first year of the pandemic when antiviral therapy schemes stabilized and population vaccination began. The high genetic variability of the virus, which can determine at any time the appearance of new strains with greater aggression, contagion or with mutations on the spike protein, maintains the need to keep non-specific preventive measures and the mental tension related to this pathology. Thus, intrapandemic psychiatric disorders remain a major public health problem and require strong government prevention and control measures.

scholarly journals A Research Agenda for Cancer and Noncommunicable Disease Prevention and Control in India

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement 2) ◽  
pp. 122s-122s
Author(s):  
I. Kataria ◽  
M. Siddiqui ◽  
L. Squiers ◽  
P.K. Dhillon ◽  
T. Gillespie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Research Agenda ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Noncommunicable Disease ◽  
Health System Strengthening ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Advisory Group ◽  
Web Based ◽  
And Control

Background: Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), including cancer, account for approximately 38 million deaths each year, and almost 75% of these deaths occur in low and middle-income countries. NCDs contribute to 60% of total deaths in India, and of concern are the premature deaths, which account for a staggering 48% mortality and can be prevented. Aim: Establish a consensus research agenda for cancer and NCD prevention and control that has the potential to impact polices, programs and health care delivery. Methods: To develop a NCD research agenda for India, we engaged our community collaborative board (CCB), which included NCD-focused global, national- and state-level stakeholders, and our scientific advisory group (SAG), which included global and national NCD experts, in a three-step process using two Web-based surveys and one in-person meeting. First, we used Delphi methodology to generate topics. Eighteen stakeholders from both CCB and SAG responded to the first Web-based survey generating 165 research ideas during the first round. After accounting for clustering and duplication, we had 56 unique research ideas. Second, these ideas were deliberated upon during the in-person meeting where each participant with a set of 10 stickers placed them next to the research priority(ies) that they felt are important for prevention and control of cancer and NCDs in India. This generated 23 research ideas, which were subjected to SWOT analysis in pairs by the stakeholders using Snowcard methodology with SAG and CCB. The stakeholders prioritized the shortlisted topics based on level of effort and potential to impact NCDs in India. Finally, 15 low effort, high impact priority research ideas for various health outcomes across research disciplines were identified based on discussion with the larger group to reach consensus. The second Web-based survey resulted in identification of 5 key priority research ideas by all stakeholders as being the most important. Results: The 5 prioritized research ideas in order of importance are: (1) development of interventions to empower primary physicians and health workers in early diagnosis of NCDs; (2) evaluation of health system strengthening programs for NCD control; (3) feasibility of integrated care models at primary care level to address multimorbid chronic conditions; (4) development of India specific methods and tools for monitoring trends on NCD morbidity, mortality and risk factors; and (5) identification of effective strategies to mobilize individuals toward NCD screening activities. Conclusion: Development of a consensus research agenda for India is a critical gap needed to pursue resources required to address pressing needs in cancer and other NCDs. The rising mortality and morbidity resulting from cancer and NCDs with similar risk factors, warrants the timely implementation of this agenda. This will generate the evidence-base from which new policies and practices can be used to reduce cancer and other NCDs in India.

scholarly journals Environmental factors influencing Prevention and Control of Schistosomiasis Infection in Mwea, Kirinyaga County Kenya: A cross sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-105
Author(s):  
Judy Mwai ◽  
Jarim Oduor Omogi ◽  
Mohamed H. Abdi
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Health Seeking ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
And Control

Background: Schistosomiasis remains a major public health problem in Kenya. Environmental factors are critical in creating a medium for growth and spread of schistosomiasis vectors. The study investigated the environmental factors influencing prevention and control of schistosomiasis infection in Mwea West Sub County, Kirinyaga County-Kenya. Methods: A multi stage sampling was used to identify four hundred and sixty-five (465) household. Analytical descriptive cross-sectional design that utilised quantitative data collection method was used. Data was collected using a pretested structured questionnaire and analysed using Chi square tests or Fisher’s exact tests where applicable. Results: Study results indicated a significant association p<.001 between household level of education, members being affected by floods during the rainy season and schistosomiasis infection. The result further indicates level of significance (p<0.047) in the association between sources of water in a household and schistosomiasis infection. No level of significance was posted between having a temporary water body in the area p (=.072) and schistosomiasis infection. In addition, there was no significant association between proximity to the nearest water source, p=.074 and proximity to the nearest health facility p=0.356 with schistosomiasis infection. Conclusions: The study recommends carefully designing safe water sources in order to match the goal of effectively controlling and reversing the trends of schistosomiasis infections. The community should be made aware of the risk factors of schistosomiasis including water utilised in the household’s alongside raising health seeking behaviours for diagnosis and treatment of schistosomiasis as a way of reducing the spread of infection.

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