Predictors of multiple sexual partnerships among women and men in two urban townships in Bhutan

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-24
Author(s):  
Gampo Dorji ◽  
Chukwuemeka Umeh ◽  
B.M. Ramesh ◽  
Shajy Isac ◽  
Robert Lorway ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Workers ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Sexual Partners ◽  
Multiple Sexual Partners ◽  
Never Married ◽  
Multiple Sex Partners ◽  
Hiv Test ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Sexual Partnering ◽  
Multiple Sexual Partnerships

Introduction: Multiple sexual partnering is a known predictor for risk of STI and HIV transmission. This study explored the multiple sexual partnering and its predictors among people who visited public social venues (bars, restaurants, hotels, lodges, cafes, karaokes and discos) in Bhutan’s two largest townships of Thimphu and Phuntsholing. Methods: We interviewed 755 sexually active venue patrons from 102 randomly selected venues (56 in Thimphu, 46 in Phuntsholing) from a list of all venues identified as having sex workers or patrons seeking sexual partners. Both bivariate and multivariate analyses were carried out to characterize the predictors of multiple sexual partnering among 755 respondents who had previously had sex. Results: Of the 755 patrons, 46.09% had one sexual partner while the remaining 54.91% had multiple sex partners (greater than or equal to 2 sexual partners) in the 12 months preceding the study. Overall, 6.23% of respondents had received payment from someone at least once for sex; 34.61% of male respondents had paid someone at least once for sex. Nearly all patrons (97.72%) had heard about HIV/ AIDS. About one quarter (24.20%) felt that they were at risk of being infected with HIV, while 37.28% had taken an HIV test in the 12 months preceding the study. In multivariate analysis, males had higher odds of multiple sexual partners compared to females (OR =3.19, 95% CI 1.90-5.20). The odds of having multiple sexual partners was 2.24 (95% CI 1.30-3.90) times higher in those never married compared to those who were married/divorced or separated; multiple partnering increased with increasing age (OR = 1.07 per year, 95% CI 1.02-1.13). Between the townships of Phuentsholing and Thimphu, the odds of multiple sexual partnering did not vary. Conclusions: Venue patrons had a high prevalence of multiple sexual partnering and have the potential for creating sexual networks that could propagate wider transmission of infection, including to their monogamous partner. Targeting HIV prevention program to these groups of people in urban locations presents an opportunity to make a great impact in maintaining Bhutan’s current low HIV epidemic level.

scholarly journals High HIV prevalence and associated factors in a remote community in the Rwenzori region of Western Uganda

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Rubaihayo ◽  
Akib Surat ◽  
Mughusu Ezekiel ◽  
Abaasa Andrew
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Risk Behaviour ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sexual Partners ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
Community Perceptions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Multiple Sexual Partners ◽  
Western Uganda

In Uganda, previous studies have shown a tremendous decline in HIV prevalence over the past two decades due to changes in sexual behavior with a greater awareness of the risks involved. However, studies in Fort-Portal municipality, a rural town in Western Uganda, continued to show a persistent high HIV prevalence despite the various interventions in place. We conducted a study to establish the current magnitude of HIV prevalence and the factors associated with HIV prevalence in this community. This cross-sectional study was conducted between July and November 2008. Participants were residents of Fort-Portal municipality aged 15-49 years. A population-based HIV sero-survey and a clinical review of prevention of mother to child HIV transmission (PMTCT) and voluntary counseling and HIV Testing (VCT) records were used to collect quantitative data. An inteviewer administered structured questionnaire was used to collect qualitative data on social deographics, risk behaviour and community perceptions. Focus group discussions (FGDs) and in-depth interviews provided supplementary data on community perceptions. Logistic regression was used in the analysis. The overall HIV prevalence in the general population was 16.1% [95% CI; 12.5-20.6]. Prevalence was lower among women (14.5%; 95% CI; 10.0-19.7) but not significantly different from that among men (18.7%; 95% CI; 12.5-26.3) (c2=0.76, P=0.38). Having more than 2 sexual partners increased the odds of HIV by almost 2.5 times. None or low education and age over 35 years were independently associated with HIV prevalence (P<0.05). Most participants attributed the high HIV prevalence to promiscuity/multiple sexual partners (32.5%), followed by prostitution (13.6%), alcoholism (10.1%), carelessness (10.1%), poverty (9.7%), ignorance (9.5%)), rape (4.7%), drug abuse (3.6%) and others (malice/malevolence, laziness, etc.) (6.2%). Although there was a slight decline compared to previous reports, the results from this study confirm that HIV prevalence is still high in this community. In order to prevent new infections, the factors mentioned above need to be addressed, and we recommend that education aimed at changing individual behavior should be intensified in this community.

The role of sex worker clients in transmission of HIV in Cambodia

2005 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leng Bun Hor ◽  
Roger Detels ◽  
Sopheab Heng ◽  
Phalkun Mun
Keyword(s):  
Sex Workers ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Transmitted Disease ◽  
Hiv Knowledge ◽  
Sex Worker ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Hiv Test ◽  
History Of ◽  
High Level

The study investigated whether clients of sex workers are a bridge for transmission of HIV to the general population of Cambodia. We interviewed and collected blood from 468 clients attending 30 randomly selected brothels in three provinces of Cambodia. The levels of HIV knowledge and condom use, and prevalence of HIV (9.2%) were high. Almost 40% of those interviewed had sex with women other than sex workers (wives, girlfriends, etc.), but rarely used condoms. Sexually transmitted disease (STD) rates were high, but most sought treatment from pharmacies. HIV infection was correlated with a history of STD, having had an HIV test, not living with one's wife, a high level of HIV/AIDS knowledge, and condom slippage/breakage. Clients are a major bridge for HIV transmission from sex workers. Current condom promotion programmes need to target non-sex worker intercourse. More effective, acceptable STD-control strategies need to be implemented and evaluated.

scholarly journals Intravaginal practices among young HIV-infected women in Lusaka, Zambia

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maureen Chisembele ◽  
Violeta J Rodriguez ◽  
Megan R Brown ◽  
Deborah L Jones ◽  
Maria L Alcaide
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Sexual Partners ◽  
Adolescent And Young Adult ◽  
Late Adolescent ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Number Of Sexual Partners ◽  
Intravaginal Practices ◽  
Specific Factors

Intravaginal practices (IVP) are linked to bacterial vaginosis (BV), obstetric/gynecological complications, and HIV. Late adolescent and young adult (LAYA) women in Zambia have high rates of HIV. Adult and mature (AM) HIV-infected women in Zambia engage in IVP for hygiene, health, and sexuality reasons; however, to our knowledge, IVP use among LAYA women has not been examined. This study compares IVP use between LAYA and AM women to identify age-specific factors to target when developing IVP reduction interventions for LAYA women. LAYA (≤25 years; n = 24) and AM (>25 years; n=124) HIV-infected women completed self-administered demographic, HIV history, sexual risk factor, and IVP measures. LAYA and AM women were then compared. Number of sexual partners, sexual activity, or condom use did not differ between groups. Rates of IVP in the prior month with different products were similar, though LAYA women used soap more frequently (96% versus 74.2%, p = 0.034). LAYA women were more likely to use products for hygiene reasons (soap 83% versus 43%; cloth, paper, or wipes 50% versus 17%, p < 0.05); and AM women to use products to please sexual partners (cloth 20% versus 56%, p = 0.074). Interventions tailored to LAYA women may be needed to reduce IVP and subsequent BV as LAYA women may have different reasons for engaging in IVP, in comparison with AM women. Reduced IVP among LAYA women may decrease the risk for HIV transmission to sexual partners and newborns and is urgently needed in settings with high prevalence of IVP, BV, and HIV infections, such as Zambia.

Qualitative exploration of HIV-related sexual behaviours and multiple partnerships among Chinese men who have sex with men living in a rural area of Yunnan Province, China

Sexual Health ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric P. F. Chow ◽  
Liangmin Gao ◽  
Fung Kuen Koo ◽  
Liang Chen ◽  
Xiaoxing Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yunnan Province ◽  
Social Stigma ◽  
Rural China ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Casual Sex ◽  
Sexual Partners ◽  
Sexual Practices ◽  
Multiple Sexual Partners ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Multiple Sexual Partnerships

BackgroundThe HIV epidemic has been spreading rapidly among men who have sex with men (MSM) in China. The present study explored the pattern of HIV-related high-risk sexual practices among MSM in a rural Chinese setting. Methods: Data were collected by semistructured in-depth interviews conducted among 15 MSM in Yuxi Prefecture, Yunnan Province, China. Fifteen respondents were recruited through a local non-governmental organisation via purposive sampling. Thematic analysis was used. Results: Technological changes, risk behaviours, social stigma and high migration rates have played a significant role in the spread of HIV among MSM in rural China. The Internet has become the primary channel for soliciting casual sex partners in the MSM community. Bisexuality and having concurrent and multiple sexual partners were common among rural MSM. A large number of sexual partners and low condom use in all MSM partnership types were noted. Due to Chinese cultural traditions and social stigma, Chinese rural MSM were reluctant to disclose their homosexuality. Rural-to-urban migrant MSM were often engaged in the commercial sex trade. Conclusions: Rural MSM is a distinctive and complex population with multiple identities in China. Concurrent multiple sexual partnerships, high mobility and low disclosure rate are the major challenges for HIV prevention and intervention programs in MSM.

scholarly journals Recent multiple sexual partners and HIV transmission risks among people living with HIV/AIDS in Botswana

2007 ◽  
Vol 83 (5) ◽  
pp. 371-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C Kalichman ◽  
D. Ntseane ◽  
K. Nthomang ◽  
M. Segwabe ◽  
O. Phorano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Sexual Partners ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Multiple Sexual Partners ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

High Prevalence of Hepatitis C Infection Among Patients Receiving Hemodialysis at an Urban Dialysis Center

2002 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 319-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumathi Sivapalasingam ◽  
Sharp F. Malak ◽  
John F. Sullivan ◽  
Jonathan Lorch ◽  
Kent A. Sepkowitz
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Sexual Partners ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
Blood Transfusions ◽  
Multiple Sexual Partners ◽  
Cocaine Use ◽  
Intranasal Cocaine ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
History Of

Objective:To determine the seroprevalence and risk factors for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among patients at an urban outpatient hemodialysis center.Methods:This was a cross-sectional study of 227 patients undergoing hemodialysis at the Rogosin Kidney Center on December 15, 1998, with a response rate of 90% (227 of 253). Laboratory records were used to retrieve the total number of blood transfusions received and serologic study results. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to examine the relationship among HCV serostatus, patient demographics, and HCV risk factors (eg, intravenous drug use [IVDU], intranasal cocaine use, multiple sexual partners, comorbidities, length of time receiving hemodialysis, and total number of blood transfusions received).Results:The seroprevalence of antibody to HCV (anti-HCV) was 23.3% (53 of 227) in the population. In univariate analysis, factors associated with HCV seropositivity included male gender, younger age, history of IVDU, history of intranasal cocaine use, history of multiple sexual partners, human immunodeficiency virus coinfection, increased time receiving dialysis, history of renal transplant, and positive antibody to hepatitis B core antigen. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that longer duration receiving dialysis and a history of IVDU were the only risk factors that remained independently associated with HCV seropositivity.Conclusions:HCV is markedly more common in our urban cohort of patients receiving hemodialysis compared with patients receiving dialysis nationally and is associated with a longer duration of receiving dialysis and a history of IVDU. Stricter and more frequent enforcement of universal precautions may be required in hemodialysis centers located in areas with a high prevalence of HCV infection or IVDU among the general population.

scholarly journals Association of HIV prevalence and concurrency of sexual partnerships in South Africa’s language groups: An ecological analysis

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Kenyon
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Partner ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
Hiv Incidence ◽  
Ecological Analysis ◽  
Sexual Partnerships ◽  
Multiple Sexual Partners ◽  
Language Groups ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Partner Concurrency

Background. There is considerable variation in HIV prevalence between different language groups in South Africa (SA). Sexual partner concurrency has been linked to the spread of HIV, but its effect on differential HIV transmission within SA’s language groups has not been investigated quantitatively. Objective. This ecological analysis was intended to explore the degree to which the variation in HIV prevalence according to language group can be explained by differential concurrency rates. Method. Linear regression was used to assess the association between each language group’s HIV prevalence and four risk factors: the prevalence of concurrency, multiple sexual partners in the preceding year, circumcision, and condom utilisation. Results. In multivariate analysis, only the point prevalence of concurrency remained associated with HIV prevalence. Conclusion. There is evidence of a high prevalence of point concurrency in sexual partnerships in SA’s most HIV-affected language groups. Together with evidence that relatively small decreases in concurrency can lead to large declines in HIV incidence, this provides impetus for interventions to promote having only one sexual partner at a time. S Afr J HIV Med 2013;14(1):25-28. DOI:10.7196/SAJHIVMED.884

Gender relations and risks of HIV transmission in South India: the discourse of female sex workers' clients

2012 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 629-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne Aubé-Maurice ◽  
Michèle Clément ◽  
Janet Bradley ◽  
Catherine M. Lowndes ◽  
Kaveri Gurav ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Workers ◽  
Gender Relations ◽  
Female Sex Workers ◽  
South India ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Female Sex
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