scholarly journals Hypertension among School going Urban and Rural Adolescents: A Comparative Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 39-43
Author(s):  
Pradhan B. ◽  
Yadav A. ◽  
Yadav K. ◽  
Sankhla M. ◽  
Raj D. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
P Value ◽  
Late Adolescent ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Physical Comfort ◽  
Rural Adolescent

Background: In the modern society, technology has contributed to create physical comfort in the life and simultaneously, there is alteration in dietary habits of youngsters. This has affected adolescent’s health significantly, leading to hypertension in both urban and rural adolescent population. Objectives: Present study aimed to access and compares the prevalence of hypertension among urban and rural adolescent. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional comparative study conducted on 300 healthy age matched adolescents, 10- 19 years of age from each of rural and urban school of Jaipur (Rajasthan). After Institutional Ethical Committee and school administration approval, a predesigned proforma was filled having socio-demographic details, personal and family history. An average blood pressure was calculated by measuring 3 recordings with 5 minutes break through sphygmomanometer. The blood pressure was classified on percentile bases into prehypertension and hypertension. The data inferred by chisquare and ‘p-value’ less than 0.05 considered as significant. Result: The prevalence of hypertension among urban and rural adolescent of Jaipur was 7.6% and 7%, while prehypertension was 32% and 28%, respectively. The prevalence of hypertension was high for systolic than diastolic blood pressure and more in late adolescent than early adolescent age group which was found significant only for systolic hypertension (p=0.003). Conclusion: High prevalence of adolescent’s hypertension is an important risk factor for future consequences of cardiovascular disease suggesting that there should be change in lifestyle. The early detection and management of it can prevent any future disability and mortality.

scholarly journals Dietary Patterns, Blood Pressure and the Glycemic and Lipidemic Profile of Two Teenage, European Populations

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 198
Author(s):  
Maria Kafyra ◽  
Ioanna Panagiota Kalafati ◽  
Satish Kumar ◽  
Maria Spyridoula Kontoe ◽  
Christine Masson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Family Study ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
P Value ◽  
Confounding Factors ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
European Populations

The present study sought to retrospectively investigate the dietary habits of two adolescent, European populations from the cross-sectional Greek TEENAGE Study and French STANISLAS Family Study. We aimed to explore the relation between the populations’ dietary patterns and blood pressure, glycemic and lipidemic profile. Dietary patterns were extracted via Principal Component Analysis (PCA), based on data collected from two 24 h dietary recalls for the TEENAGE study and a 3-day food consumption diary for the STANISLAS study. Multiple linear regressions and mixed models analyses, adjusting for confounding factors, were employed to investigate potential associations. A total of 766 Greek teenagers and 287 French teenagers, were included in analyses. Five dietary patterns were extracted for each population accounting for 49.35% and 46.69% of their respective total variance, with similarities regarding the consumption of specific food groups (i.e., western-type foods). In the TEENAGE Study, the “chicken and sugars” pattern was associated with lower CRP levels, after adjusting for confounding factors (p-value < 0.01). The “high protein and animal fat” dietary pattern of the STANISLAS Family Study was related to higher BMI (p-value < 0.01) and higher triglycerides levels (p-value < 0.01). Our findings summarize the dietary habits of two teenage, European populations and their associations with cardiometabolic risk factors.

Several Components of the Lebanese Mediterranean Diet and Particular Sociodemographic, Medical and Lifestyle Factors may be Associated with Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease in Adults: A Cross-sectional Study in a Middle Eastern Setting

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-93
Author(s):  
Mary-Joe Youssef ◽  
Antoine Aoun ◽  
Aline Issa ◽  
Lana El-Osta ◽  
Nada El-Osta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Lifestyle Factors ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gerd Symptoms

Background: The prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is increasing worldwide and the related chronic symptoms can be associated with morbidity and poor quality of life. Objective: The objective of this study was to identify foods and beverages consumed by the Lebanese population, dietary habits, socio-demographic and lifestyle factors, health parameters and perceived stress, implicated in increasing GERD symptoms. Methods: This observational cross-sectional study was carried among Lebanese adults in 2016. A convenient sample of 264 participants was equally divided into a GERD group and a control group. Data on socio-demographic characteristics, lifestyle, health status and dietary habits including Lebanese traditional dishes were collected. The perceived stress scale (PSS) was also used to assess the participants’ perception of stress. Logistic regression analyses were conducted with GERD symptoms (presence or absence) being the dependent variable. Results: The GERD symptoms were significantly associated with age (-p-value=0.017), family history of GERD symptoms (-p-value<0.001), smoking (-p-value=0.003) and chronic medical conditions (-p-value<.001). Regarding the dietary factors, participants who ate three meals or less/day, between meals and outside homes were 2.5, 2.9 and 2.4 times at a higher risk of experiencing GERD symptoms than others, respectively. Moreover, the logistic regression model showed that the GERD symptoms were significantly associated with the consumption of coffee (-p-value=0.037), Lebanese sweets (-p-value=0.027), fried foods (-p-value=0.031), ‘Labneh’ with garlic (-p-value<0.001), pomegranate molasses (-p-value=0.011), and tomatoes (-p-value=0.007). Conclusion: Some specific lifestyle factors and components of the Lebanese Mediterranean diet could be associated with GERD symptoms.

A Comparative Study between Ketamine and Lidocaine ro Decrease Propofol Injection Pain During Induction of Anesthesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1304-1309
Author(s):  
Bikash Khadka ◽  
Nil Raj Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Venous Occlusion ◽  
Verbal Response ◽  
Injection Pain ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lidocaine Group ◽  
Mild Pain ◽  
Significant Difference

Introduction: Pain during the injection of anesthetic agents may be distressing and can reduce the acceptability of an otherwise useful agent such as propofol during daycare surgeries. Lidocaine and ketamine both are used as pre-treatment to decrease propofol induced pain. This study aims to compare the effectiveness of ketamine injection to decrease propofol-induced pain in comparison to lidocaine injection. Methodology: This is a prospective cross-sectional comparative study. Eighty-nine cases were divided into two groups where group K received ketamine 2 ml (0.2 mg/kg) whereas group L received lidocaine 2% 2ml (0.5 mg/kg) after venous occlusion with rubber tourniquet. One-fourth dose of propofol was injected 1 min after release of tourniquet and pain accessed at 0, 1, and 2 minutes of propofol injection with a verbal response and behavioral signs. Chi-square test and paired T-test were used and a p-value less than 0.05 was considered significant. Result: Regarding hemodynamic, oxygenation, and adverse effects there was no significant difference. Immediately after propofol injection, only 1 patient of the ketamine group had mild pain (2.22%) while 12 patients from the lignocaine group had mild pain (27.27%) with a p-value of 0.009. Also after 2 minutes of propofol injection, only 12 cases had mild pain i.e. 13.48% (1 from ketamine group i.e. 2.22% and 11 from lidocaine group i.e. 25%) with p-value of 0.002. Conclusion: Our study helps prove low-dose ketamine is more effective in reducing the incidence and severity of pain on injection of propofol in comparison to Lidocaine with better hemodynamic stability. 

scholarly journals Hubungan antara Interdialytic Weight Gain dengan Perubahan Tekanan Darah Intradialisis pada Pasien Chronic Kidney Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Ni Kadek Yuni Lestari ◽  
Ni Luh Gede Intan Saraswati Saraswati
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Rank Statistic ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chronic Kidney Diseases ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Adherence To Diet ◽  
Interdialytic Weight Gain

Pasien CKD (Chronic Kidney Diseases) yang menjalani hemodialisis sering mengalami komplikasi gangguan hemodinamik baik itu hipertensi maupun hipotensi intradialisis. Salah satu penyebab yang paling sering adalah peningkatan IDWG (Interdialytic Weight Gain). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis hubungan antara IDWG (Interdialytic Weight Gain)dengan perubahan tekanan darah intradialisis pada pasien CKD di Ruang Hemodialisis RSUP Sanglah Denpasar. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah analitik korelasi dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Teknik sampel yang digunakan adalah purposive sampling dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 80 responden. Analisis statistik dengan menggunakan spearmans rank. Hasil penelitian didapatkan dari 80 responden sebagian besar mempunyai interdialytic weight gain dalam kategori ringan (73,8,0%) dan tekanan darah intradialisis dalam batas normal (65,0%). Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan p value 0,001 (<0,05). Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini bahwa ada hubungan yang signifikan antara interdialytic weight gain dengan perubahan tekanan darah intradialisis pada pasien chronic kidney diseases di Ruang Hemodialisis RSUP Sanglah Denpasar. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini bahwa perawat diharapkan dapat meningkatkan pemberian edukasi secara berkala pada pasien hemodialisis reguler untuk meningkatkan kepatuhan pasien pada diet dan pembatasan intake cairan.Chronic Kidney Diseases (CKD) patients who undergo hemodialysis often experience complications of haemodynamic disorders, both hypertension and intradialisis hypotension. One of the most frequent causes of increasing is IDGW (Interdialytic Weight Gain). The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation between interdialytic weight gain and changes in intradialysis blood pressure among patients with chronic kidney diseases in Haemodialysis Roomat Sanglah Hospital Denpasar. The research method used is analytic correlation with cross sectional approach. The sample technique used was purposive sampling with a total sample of 80 respondents. Statistical analysis using spearmans rank statistic test. The results obtained from 80 respondents most mostly interdialytic weight gain in the mild category (73.8.0%) and intradialisis blood pressure within normal limits (65.0%). The result of statistic test shows that p value 0,001 (<0,05). The conclusion of this study is that any significant correlation between interdialytic weight gain with changes in intradialysis blood pressure among patients with CKD at Haemodialysis Room of Sanglah Hospital Denpasar. Suggestions for nurses to increase the provision of regular education in regular haemodialysis patients to improve patient’s adherence to diet and limit fluid intake.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN PENGENDALIAN GLUKOSA DARAH DAN MORNING BLOOD PRESSURE SURGE DENGAN KEJADIAN PENYAKIT JANTUNG KORONER PADA PASIEN DIABETES MELITUS TIPE 2 DI RUMAH SAKIT UMUM CUT MEUTIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Maulina Debbyousha ◽  
Harvina Sawitri ◽  
Anna Millizia ◽  
Erwin Siregar ◽  
Muhammad Jailani
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Morning Blood Pressure Surge ◽  
Morning Blood Pressure ◽  
Pressure Surge ◽  
Morning Hypertension ◽  
Diabetes Melitus

Pasien diabetes melitus (DM) cenderung menujukkan percepatan proses aterosklerotik dan akibatnya risiko penyakit kardiovaskular lebih tinggi seperti penyakit jantung koroner.DM sering dipersulit dangan komorbiditas lainnya yang berkontribusi terhadap peningkatan risiko penyakit kardiovaskular (seperti, hipertensi, penyakit ginjal kronis, dan dislipidemia).  Kontrol glikemik yang tidak adekuat atau terjadinya resistensi insulin mengaktifkan saraf simpatis, yang memicu MBPS berlebihan pada pasien DM.MBPS berlebihan terlibat dalam patogenesis kejadian kardiovaskular pada pagi hari  dengan mencetuskan stres hemodinamik. Tujuan umum dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara  pengendalian glukosa darah dan MBPS, serta hubungan antara MBPS dan kejadian penyakit jantung koroner pada pasien diabetes melitus di Rumah Sakit Umum Cut Meutia. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional analitik dengan rancangan potong lintang (cross sectional). Sumber data dalam penelitian ini diperoleh dari data primer berdasarkan hasil identifikasi karakteristik pasien, pengukuran morning blood pressure surge, kadar gula darah puasa dan pemeriksaan EKG. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebesar 75% responden pada penelitian ini (n = 32) memiliki kadar gula darah puasa yang tidak terkontrol, 53,1% responden dengan morning hypertension dan 62,5% responden mengalami Penyakit Jantung Koroner (PJK).  Pada analisis bivariat, hasil menunjukkan terdapat hubungan antara kontrol gula darah puasa dengan morning hypertension (p value = 0.024%). Secara umum terdapat hubungan timbal balik antara DM dengan hipertensi.

scholarly journals Waist Circumference, Blood Pressure and Lifestyle of Sudanese Population, Khartoum Locality, Sudan 2016

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Asma Abdelaal Abdalla ◽  
Siham Ahmed Balla ◽  
Amna Abdalla Babiker ◽  
Safaa Abdelhameed Medani ◽  
Rania Abdalla Osman Khalfa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The Mean

Aims: To measure the waist circumference of Sudanese adults in Khartoum Locality and its relationship to blood pressure and lifestyle  during celebration of international day of hypertension in May 2016 . Study Design: It was a descriptive cross-sectional study. Place of the Celebration: Khartoum Locality at Alsahaa Alkhadraa (The Green Park). Methodology: A total of 364 adult participants, 196 men and 168 women were interviewed using structured questionnaire. Blood pressure (BP) was measured considering hypertension as ≥ 140 mmHg and ≥ 90 mmHg for systole and diastole BP respectively. Waist circumference was measured using an anthropometric measuring tape at cut-off point of 94 cm and 80 cm for men and women respectively. Data was managed by SPSS version 20 and Chi-square test at 95% CL was used to test the association between waist circumference, blood pressure and life style characteristics. Results: Age distribution of the study population showed 48.2% females and 45.4% males in the middle age group (38-57 years). Two thirds of the study population were hypertensive, 62.8% of males and 64.3% of females. The mean waist circumference of men was 97.82 cm + 16.7, mean Systolic BP was 127 + 22 and mean Diastolic BP was 85 + 15. The mean waist circumference of women was 99.31 + 16.2, mean Systolic was 128 + 24 and mean Diastolic BP was 84 +17. Abnormal waist circumference was found in 61.2% of males and 86.9% of females. Fifty nine (30.1%) of the males and 86 (51.2%) of the females with abnormal waist circumference were hypertensive. The association between abnormal waist circumference and high blood pressure was significant among both sexes, P value = 0.001. Physical exercise and fat and salt foods were not significantly associated waist circumference in both men and women. Conclusion: Two thirds of women and men in the celebrating areas were hypertensive.  Half of women and one third of men were significantly hypertensive and having abnormal waist circumference. Doing physical exercise, avoiding fat and salt foods was insignificantly associated with normal waist circumference. Large survey with representative sample is needed to estimate the real Sudanese waist circumference.  

scholarly journals Association Between Dietary Consumption, Anthropometric Measures And Body Composition Of Rural And Urban Ghanaian Adults; A Comparative Cross Sectional Study.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nana Ama Frimpomaa Agyapong ◽  
Reginald Adjetey Annan ◽  
Charles Apprey ◽  
Linda Nana Esi Aduku ◽  
Catherina Elizabeth Swart
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
P Value ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dietary Consumption ◽  
Rural And Urban

Abstract Background: Overweight and obesity have become threats to public health in all regions across the globe. Policies to regulate the food environment and promote healthy food consumption can reduce the prevalence obesity but in Ghana there is not enough data to elicit a policy response. This study assessed the association between dietary consumption, anthropometric measures, body composition and physical activity among rural and urban Ghanaian adults. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study involving 565 Ghanaian adults. Structured questionnaires were used to collect socio-demographic information. Dietary consumption was assessed using household food frequency questionnaire and 24-hour recall. Height, weight, BMI, waist circumference and body composition of all participants were also measured. The World Health Organization’s Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) was used to assess physical activity levels. Mann Whitney U test was used to analyze differences in anthropometric measurements, body composition and dietary consumption among rural and urban participants. Principal component analysis was used to analyze household food frequency data and nutrient analysis template was used to analyze 24-hour recall. Chi-square was used to measure differences in obesity prevalence by community and gender. Multinomial logistic regression was used to model the risk factors associated with obesity. Results: The prevalence of overweight and obesity using BMI were 29.9 and 22.9 respectively. The use of waist circumference measurement resulted in the highest overall obesity prevalence of 41.5%. Prevalence of obesity was higher among females compared to males across all measures with the exception of visceral fat that showed no significant difference. Four different patterns were derived from principal component analysis. Among urban participants, component 3 (staple pattern) showed a significant negative correlation with visceral fat (r -0.186, p-value 0.013) and BMI (r -0.163, p-value 0.029). Multinomial logistic regression showed that males (AOR 19.715, CI 9.723-39.978, p-value < 0.001) had higher odds of being of normal weight compared to females. Conclusion: Prevalence of overweight and obesity continue to rise in Ghana, especially among females. Public education and screening as well as interventions that regulate the food environment and make affordable and available healthy food options are needed to control the rise in obesity prevalence.

scholarly journals Impaired Daytime Urinary Sodium Excretion Impacts Nighttime Blood Pressure and Nocturnal Dipping at Older Ages in the General Population

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 2013
Author(s):  
Rosaria Del Giorno ◽  
Chiara Troiani ◽  
Sofia Gabutti ◽  
Kevyn Stefanelli ◽  
Sandro Puggelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Sodium Excretion ◽  
Urinary Sodium Excretion ◽  
Urinary Sodium ◽  
P Value ◽  
Excretion Ratio ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nocturnal Dipping ◽  
Nighttime Blood Pressure ◽  
The Impact

The circadian rhythm of urinary sodium excretion is related to the diurnal blood pressure regulation (BP) and the nocturnal dipping pattern. The renal sodium excretion expressed as daytime/nighttime ratio impacts BP, but a limited number of studies have investigated this topic to date. In this cross-sectional study, we aimed to investigate the impact of different daily patterns of sodium excretion (comparing low with high ratios) on BP and nocturnal dipping and to explore the relationship with age. Twenty-four-hour ambulatory BP monitoring and daytime and nighttime urinary sodium collections were used to assess 1062 subjects in Switzerland. Analyses were performed according to the day/night urinary sodium excretion ratio quartiles (Q1–Q4) and by age group (≤50 and ≥50 years). Subjects in Q1 can be considered low excretors of sodium during the daytime since the rate of sodium excretion during the daytime was 40% lower than that of subjects in Q4. Quartiles of the day/night urinary sodium excretion ratio showed that subjects in Q1 were 7 years older and had respectively 6 and 5 mmHg higher nighttime systolic and diastolic BP and a higher nocturnal dipping compared with subjects in Q4 (p-value ≤0.001). Associations found were significant only for subjects older than 50 years (all p < 0.05). The present results suggest that a decreased capacity to excrete sodium during daytime is more prevalent as age increases and that it impacts nighttime blood pressure and nocturnal dipping in older subjects.

scholarly journals Dietary habits and inadequate control of blood pressure in hypertensive adults assisted by a Brazilian Family Doctor Program

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 2176-2184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bárbara da Silva Nalin de Souza ◽  
Maria Luiza Garcia Rosa ◽  
Jocemir R Lugon ◽  
Edna Massae Yokoo ◽  
Evandro Tinoco Mesquita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Serum Creatinine ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Family Doctor ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Skin Colour ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Indirect Measure

AbstractObjectiveTo estimate dietary habits and other factors associated with inadequate blood pressure (BP) control in hypertensive patients adherent to antihypertensive drug treatment assisted by a Brazilian Family Doctor Program (FDP).DesignA cross-sectional study.SettingFDP units, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.SubjectsWe included data from both male and female participants aged ≥20 years. Participants completed a standardized questionnaire containing questions related to demographics, socio-economic factors, comorbidities and lifestyle, as well as a validated FFQ and eleven additional qualitative questions to investigate dietary habits. Food items were divided into sixteen groups. Medical consultations were performed, BP measurements were taken, blood and urine samples were assessed and anthropometric and nutritional status was evaluated.ResultsIndividuals with inadequate BP control presented higher BMI values (prevalence ratio (PR) = 1·027, 95 % CI 1·009, 1·045) and also consumed more meat (PR = 1·091, 95 % CI 1·022, 1·165), which are potentially modifiable variables. Higher levels of serum creatinine (PR = 1·894, 95 % CI 1·241, 2·892) were also associated with inadequate BP control, as were skin colour (white). After inclusion of the Na excretion index, which is an indirect measure of salt intake, a slight decrease was observed in the PR for meat, which resulted in loss of statistical significance.ConclusionsThe results indicate that salt consumption, skin colour, BMI and serum creatinine are associated with inadequate BP control.

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