scholarly journals Supernumerary phantom limbs

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-27
Author(s):  
Andrew Larner ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Heterogeneity ◽  
Founding Fathers ◽  
Phantom Limbs

Silas Weir Mitchell (1829-1914), justly regarded as one of the founding fathers of neurology, published accounts of phantom limbs in the 1860s and 1870s,1 around the time that neurology was emerging as an independent clinical discipline (although earlier accounts of phantom limbs are recognised2). Phantom limbs are most often observed in the context of amputation, but reports of extra limbs occurring without amputation have also appeared. Two brief cases are presented here to illustrate the clinical heterogeneity of the supernumerary limb, the possible pathophysiology of which is briefly considered.

Language Matters: ‘Counsel’ in Early Modern and Modern Medicine

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Sabroe ◽  
Phil Withington
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Scientific Revolution ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Francis Bacon ◽  
Social Worlds ◽  
Founding Fathers ◽  
Human Understanding ◽  
Successful Scientist

Francis Bacon is famous today as one of the founding fathers of the so-called ‘scientific revolution’ of the seventeenth century. Although not an especially successful scientist himself, he was nevertheless the most eloquent and influential spokesperson for an approach to knowledge that promised to transform human understanding of both humanity and its relationship with the natural and social worlds. The central features of this approach, as they emerged in Bacon’s own writings and the work of his protégés and associates after 1605, are equally well known. They include the importance of experiment, observation, and a sceptical attitude towards inherited wisdom (from the ‘ancients’ in general and Aristotle in particular).

The Importance of Being Defunct (Presidential Address)

1985 ◽  
Vol 24 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 211-234
Author(s):  
Syed Nawab Haider Naqvi
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Development Economics ◽  
Developing World ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Presidential Address ◽  
Great Expectations ◽  
Founding Fathers

For development economists these arc the days of great expectations. Development economics as a discipline, born only three decades ago, has come to stay, notwithstanding the threats to its existence issued openly by such friends as Schultz [63], Bauer [2], Little [44], and Lal [39]. New theoretical constructs have been devised and novel empirical studies done to comprehend better the forces of change in developing countries. While of late there may not have been great festivity in the realm of ideas, the force of circumstances has widened the problem canvas of development economics and has opened up new vistas for economists to explore- much beyond the expectations of its founding fathers. Also notwithstanding the great diversity in the experience of individual countries, development economists may legitimately draw some comfort from the thought that their ideas have changed the developing world for the better.

God's Voice in a Secular Society

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-27
Author(s):  
Taniya Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Founding Fathers ◽  
Relationship Model ◽  
Secular Society ◽  
Muslim Communities

This article addresses the problem of defining the terms ‘secularism’ and ‘religion’ and the difficulty of accepting the strict separation of religion from politics that some say is needed for a truly secular society. It offers a ‘relationship model’ for religion that sees it as the practice of balancing the responsibilities arising from the relationships between oneself, God, fellow human and living beings and the environment. Examining the attitudes of the Founding Fathers of European secularism, it argues that secular society can only exist if we face the shadows of our colonial past and the literalist theological narrative which is quickly being digested within some Muslim communities. This narrative and how it is affecting Muslim communities in Europe, as well as the shadows of the colonial past, pose a danger to secular society and affects all communities across Europe and these are conversations that need to be held.

Marked clinical heterogeneity in congenital hyperinsulinism due to a novel homozygous ABCC8 mutation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kei Takasawa ◽  
Yuichi Miyakawa ◽  
Yoko Saito ◽  
Eriko Adachi ◽  
Tsunanori Shidei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Hyperinsulinism ◽  
Clinical Heterogeneity

scholarly journals Tumor Heterogenity in Gastro-Entero-Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasia

Endocrines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-36
Author(s):  
Ludovica Magi ◽  
Maria Rinzivillo ◽  
Francesco Panzuto
Keyword(s):  
Functional Imaging ◽  
Clinical Heterogeneity ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Prognostic Role ◽  
Neuroendocrine Neoplasia ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
18F Fdg ◽  
Fdg Pet Ct

Owing to the rarity and the biological and clinical heterogeneity of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasia (GEP NEN), the management of these patients may be challenging for physicians. This review highlights the specific features of GEP NEN with particular attention on the role of Ki67 heterogeneity, the potential prognostic role of novel radiological techniques, and the clinical usefulness of functional imaging, including 68Ga-DOTA-SST PET/CT and 18F-FDG PET/CT. Understanding these specific features may help to plan proper and tailored follow-up programs and therapeutic approaches.

scholarly journals Molecular Processing of Tau Protein in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy: Neuronal and Glial Degeneration

2021 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 1517-1531
Author(s):  
Alejandra Martínez-Maldonado ◽  
Miguel Ángel Ontiveros-Torres ◽  
Charles R. Harrington ◽  
José Francisco Montiel-Sosa ◽  
Raúl García-Tapia Prandiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Progressive Supranuclear Palsy ◽  
Glial Cells ◽  
Conformational Changes ◽  
Tau Protein ◽  
Paired Helical Filaments ◽  
Phosphorylated Tau ◽  
Clinical Heterogeneity ◽  
Post Translational Modifications ◽  
Binding Domains ◽  
Tau Isoforms

Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) are examples of neurodegenerative diseases, characterized by abnormal tau inclusions, that are called tauopathies. AD is characterized by highly insoluble paired helical filaments (PHFs) composed of tau with abnormal post-translational modifications. PSP is a neurodegenerative disease with pathological and clinical heterogeneity. There are six tau isoforms expressed in the adult human brain, with repeated microtubule-binding domains of three (3R) or four (4R) repeats. In AD, the 4R:3R ratio is 1:1. In PSP, the 4R isoform predominates. The lesions in PSP brains contain phosphorylated tau aggregates in both neurons and glial cells. Objective: Our objective was to evaluate and compare the processing of pathological tau in PSP and AD. Methods: Double and triple immunofluorescent labeling with antibodies to specific post-translational tau modifications (phosphorylation, truncation, and conformational changes) and thiazin red (TR) staining were carried out and analyzed by confocal microscopy. Results: Our results showed that PSP was characterized by phosphorylated tau in neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) and glial cells. Tau truncated at either Glu391 or Asp421 was not observed. Extracellular NFTs (eNFTs) and glial cells in PSP exhibited a strong affinity for TR in the absence of intact or phosphorylated tau. Conclusion: Phosphorylated tau was as abundant in PSP as in AD. The development of eNFTs from both glial cells and neuronal bodies suggests that truncated tau species, different from those observed in AD, could be present in PSP. Additional studies on truncated tau within PSP lesions could improve our understanding of the pathological processing of tau and help identify a discriminatory biomarker for AD and PSP.

Clinical heterogeneity in patients with m.4412G>A MT-TM mutation and different heteroplasmy levels

Mitochondrion ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsuko Imai-Okazaki ◽  
Nobuyasu Yagi ◽  
Kazuhiro R. Nitta ◽  
Kei Murayama ◽  
Akira Ohtake ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Heterogeneity

scholarly journals Author Correction: Tau molecular diversity contributes to clinical heterogeneity in Alzheimer’s disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 356-356
Author(s):  
Simon Dujardin ◽  
Caitlin Commins ◽  
Aurelien Lathuiliere ◽  
Pieter Beerepoot ◽  
Analiese R. Fernandes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Molecular Diversity ◽  
Clinical Heterogeneity
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