scholarly journals CORPORATE BOARD SIZE AND FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF PRIVATE LIMITED COMPANIES IN UGANDA

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
John Rwakihembo ◽  
Nixon Kamukama ◽  
Fredrick Kijjambu Nsambu
Keyword(s):  
Financial Performance ◽  
Boards Of Directors ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Corporate Board ◽  
Board Size ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Private Companies ◽  
Leadership Structure ◽  
Regression Techniques

The purpose-The paper seeks to compare the corporate board size and the financial performance of private companies in Uganda.Methodology-The paper adopted a positivist paradigm besides a cross-sectional study design. Researchers gathered quantitative data from 394 companies in Western and Central Uganda. An open questionnaire was administered to board members and executives from companies. Pearson correlation and standard regression techniques were used for data analysis.Findings-A significant positive relationship between the performance of the firm and the board size among private companies was established from the findings.Unique Contribution to Practice and Policy-This study will provide a precise and direct understanding of the relationship between board size and performance.The practical implications-The study recommends that private companies should recruit large boards of directors due to their diversified skills and connections that increase firm value.Research limitations-The study falls short of examining the influence of other characteristics of the board, such as composition, and leadership structure, on financial performance but solely concentrates on the board size. Besides, it was cross-sectional and generalized all private companies without considering industry-specific factors that could have changed the results.Originality/value-This is the first study that focuses on exploring the comparison between the corporate board size and the financial performance of private companies in Uganda.

scholarly journals An investigation of corporate governance from a new perspective: Examining the financial performance of companies and the impact of executive turnover

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tariq Tawfeeq Yousif Alabdullah ◽  
Sofri Yahya ◽  
Mohamed Ibrahim Nor ◽  
Firas Qassim Majeed
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Financial Performance ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Fiscal Year ◽  
Executive Turnover ◽  
Financial Leverage ◽  
Board Size ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
New Variables ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this paper is to investigate the mechanisms of corporate governance in companies and to delineate their effect from the perspective of two variables: the financial performance of firms; and an examination of executive turnover. An analysis on theoretical grounds of these two variables is made with respect to non-financial companies specifically in the context of the country of Jordan. Also in the context of this study, a company represents a firm. A sample comprising 109 companies from the non-financial sector for the fiscal year 2011 was selected and analyzed. A cross sectional study tested all hypotheses of the study and used statistical software, SPSS 20, to analyze the data. The study has examined the structure of the board of directors and its effects on the financial performance (financial leverage) of the non-financial Jordanian companies. Evidence suggests that the corporate governance mechanisms such as increasing the board size has a positive effect on reducing the level of financial leverage, thus leading to enhanced levels of financial performance. On the other hand, board independence and the structure of non CEO-duality have no effect on a company’s financial performance. In addition, the findings revealed that executive turnover has been found to significantly moderate the relationship between some of the factors and that is the board size and financial leverage. Given the diversity of trends utilized to measure the financial performance of companies in the area of corporate governance and the associated performance relationship, empirical research has continued to undergo new financial performance indicators to prevent manipulation and to obtain a realistic picture of the financial performance of companies. Hence, this is the first study that internationally chooses financial leverage to represent the financial performance of companies in their relationship with corporate governance. Crucially, it is globally the first study to choose executive turnover as a moderating variable on such a relationship. Thus, choosing these two new variables uniquely contributes to the literature of both corporate governance and firm performance from the perspective of developed and developing countries. This is considered to extend and add new insights to prior research in this discipline. The study therefore provides empirical evidence to policy-makers, stakeholders, academia and other interested parties in the Middle East; specifically in Jordan.

scholarly journals Panic and Trust during COVID-19: A Cross-Sectional Study on Immigrants in South Korea

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 199
Author(s):  
Myeong Sook Yoon ◽  
Israel Fisseha Feyissa ◽  
So-Won Suk
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Native Community ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Public ◽  
Marginalized Groups ◽  
Local Media ◽  
Effective Public Health

In the COVID-19 pandemic, marginalized groups like migrants are disproportionately affected. As panic, fear of neglect, and mistrusting institutions in these groups are presumed to be apparent, their detachment to health services still needs to be investigated. This study comparatively analyzed the level of panic and trust between South Koreans and immigrants who are living within highly affected areas of South Korea. Mann–Whitney-U-Test and Pearson correlation showed panic is more pronounced in the Korean group while having a similar panic display pattern with the immigrants. The immigrant group appears to highly trust the Korean health system, health institutions, local media, and the local native community. Beyond conventional expectations, participant’s average panic score showed a statistically significant positive correlation with items of the trust scale, indicating a level of individual reliance amid the pandemic panic. Thus, ascertaining institutional trust and matured citizenry are identified as factors for effective public health outcomes. During such a pandemic, this study also reminded the public health needs of immigrants as secondary citizens, and presumptions of immigrants’ mistrust in such settings might not always be true.

Relationship between perceived social support and self stigma in caregivers of patients with schizophrenia

2021 ◽  
pp. 002076402110018
Author(s):  
Yeliz Karaçar ◽  
Kerime Bademli
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
High School Graduates ◽  
Perceived Social Support ◽  
Mental Health Center ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Skill Training ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Social Support Scale ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients

Background: The study was conducted to determine the relationship between self-stigmatization and perceived social support in caregivers of schizophrenia with patient. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used. The study sample consisted of 84 participants who cared for schizophrenic patients registered in a community mental health center. In the data collection, the ‘Self-stigmatizing Scale for Families’ and ‘Multidimensional Perceived Social Support Scale’ were used. The data were analyzed via frequency, mean, standard deviation, Cronbach’s alpha analysis, linear regression, Pearson correlation analysis, independent samples t-test, and ANOVA test. Results: Self-stigmatization (32.48 ± 15.15) and perceived social support (44.36 ± 22.88) were found to be moderate in caregivers. Self-stigmatization was found to be higher in caregivers who do not work; have a spouse, mother, or father; have a disease; do not receive support from their family and have not received any education about schizophrenia ( p < .05). It was determined that, with increasing age, perceived social support decreases, and the perception of social support increases in caregivers who are high school graduates, working, having children, have no illness, and are educated about schizophrenia ( p < .05). It was determined that, as the level of perceived social support increases in caregivers, self-stigmatization decreases ( p < .05). Conclusion: It was determined that, as the perceived social support increases in caregivers, self-stigmatization decreases. We recommend providing informative support about schizophrenia, to increase hope and social-skill training, and to implement interventions that include caregivers in the fight against stigma.

Religious Minority Rights and their Satisfaction in Pakistan

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Muhammad Akram ◽  
Asim Nasar ◽  
Abid Rehman
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Government Policies ◽  
Religious Minority ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Citizenship Rights ◽  
Religious Minorities ◽  
Muslim Majority

Abstract The study investigates the satisfaction of religious minorities in Pakistan subject to government policies and attitudes of the Muslim majority. A cross-sectional study design was used to collect data from 120 respondents living in rural areas in Pakistan. Descriptive statistics and the Pearson correlation coefficient were used to measure the relatedness of essential factors of freedom of expression, opportunity in government services, security of unprotected assembly, prejudice in relationship with Muslims and welcomeness in Muslim neighbourhoods. Yeh’s Index of Satisfaction was used to measure the satisfaction level of religious minorities with government policies and attitudes of the Muslim majority. The study findings revealed that religious minorities are least satisfied with their citizenship rights in Pakistan, which poses various questions to government policies and legislation. Further, they were also least satisfied with the attitudes of the Muslim majority with whom they must interact in their everyday life.

scholarly journals Relationship between Ratio of Second and Fourth Digit and Obesity Traits among Different Ethnic Groups in Ilorin, North Central Nigeria

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 396-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bolaji Fatai OYEYEMI ◽  
John Oluwafemi ADEBAYO ◽  
Abass Toba ANIFOWOSHE ◽  
Oluyinka Ajibola IYIOLA
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Surrogate Marker ◽  
Relative Length ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Digit Ratio ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference

Digit ratio (2D:4D) denotes the relative length of the second and fourth digits. There are contradicting reports on its relationship with ethnicity/race, whereas convincing studies show it is related to obesity. This cross-sectional study was undertaken to demystify ethnic difference in 2D:4D ratio and to analyze its relationship with obesity among adults in Ilorin Nigeria. The cross-sectional study included 701 individuals. Finger lengths were measured with electronic calipers and other anthropometric traits were measured with standard procedure. Student t test and one-way ANOVA were used to detect differences among groups and relationship was computed with Pearson correlation. The receiver operator characteristic curves were used to detect the diagnostic effect of 2D:4D for obesity. The obtained results showed sexual dimorphism in 2D:4D ratio and other anthropometrics at p < 0.01. Obesity was associated with significantly higher mean of 2D:4D in both genders (female 0.9814 ± 0.012:0.9700 ± 0.012; male 0.9700 ± 0.010:0.9592 ± 0.010 at p < 0.001). The area under the curve was 0.753 (95% CI 0.677-0.829, p < 0.01) and 0.798 (95% CI 0.756-0.804, p < 0.01) in female and male R2D:4D respectively for obesity, implying that 2D:4D might be a surrogate marker for obesity in future.  No significant difference was found in 2D:4D among different ethnic groups studied (p >0.05); this result proved that there was no ethnic specificity in 2D:4D ratio among study’ participants. Thus, it can be reported that the digit ratio was related to high 2D:4D, but this cannot be said for different ethnic groups. The results imply that 2D:4D might be a good surrogate indicator for obesity, but not ethnicity.  

scholarly journals The Study of Prescribing Errors Among General Dentists

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Solmaz Araghi ◽  
Rohollah Sharifi ◽  
Goran Ahmadi ◽  
Mahsa Esfehani ◽  
Fatemeh Rezaei
Keyword(s):  
Work Experience ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Antimicrobial Treatment ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Entrance Examination ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hypothetical Patient ◽  
General Dentists

<p><strong>INTRODUCTION</strong><strong>:</strong> In dentistry, medicine often prescribed to relieve pain and remove infections .Therefore, wrong prescription can lead to a range of problems including lack of pain, antimicrobial treatment failure and the development of resistance to antibiotics.</p> <p><strong>MATERIALS &amp; METHODS</strong><strong>:</strong> In this cross-sectional study, the aim was to evaluate the common errors in written prescriptions by general dentists in Kermanshah in 2014. Dentists received a questionnaire describing five hypothetical patient and the appropriate prescription for the patient in question was asked. Information about age, gender, work experience and the admission in university was collected. The frequency of errors in prescriptions was determined. Data by SPSS 20statistical software and using statistical t-test, chi-square and Pearson correlation were analyzed (0.05&gt; P).</p> <p><strong>RESULTS</strong><strong>: </strong>A total of 180 dentists (62.6% male and 37.4% female) with a mean age of 8.23 ± 39.199 participated in this study. Prescription errors include the wrong in pharmaceutical form (11%), not having to write therapeutic dose (13%), writing wrong dose (14%), typos (15%), error prescription (23%) and writing wrong number of drugs (24%).The most frequent errors in the administration of antiviral drugs (31%) and later stages of antifungal drugs (30%), analgesics (23%) and antibiotics (16%) was observed. Males dentists compared with females dentists showed more frequent errors (P=0.046). Error frequency among dentists with a long work history (P&gt;0.001) and the acceptance in the university except for the entrance examination (P=0.041) had a statistically significant relationship.</p> <p><strong>CONCLUSION</strong><strong>:</strong> This study showed that the written prescription by general dentists examined contained significant errors and improve prescribing through continuing education of dentists is essential.</p>

scholarly journals Association between quality of life and prognosis of candidate patients for heart transplantation: a cross-sectional study

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Silveira Faria ◽  
Ligia Neres Matos ◽  
Liana Amorim Correa Trotte ◽  
Helena Cramer Veiga Rey ◽  
Tereza Cristina Felippe Guimarães
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Heart Transplantation ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Prognostic Scores ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Convenience Sample

ABSTRACT Objective: to verify the association between the prognostic scores and the quality of life of candidates for heart transplantation. Method: a descriptive cross-sectional study with a convenience sample of 32 outpatients applying to heart transplantation. The prognosis was rated by the Heart Failure Survival Score (HFSS) and the Seattle Heart Failure Model (SHFM); and the quality of life by the Minnesota Living With Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLHFQ) and the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ). The Pearson correlation test was applied. Results: the correlations found between general quality of life scores and prognostic scores were (HFSS/MLHFQ r = 0.21), (SHFM/MLHFQ r = 0.09), (HFSS/KCCQ r = -0.02), (SHFM/KCCQ r = -0.20). Conclusion: the weak correlation between the prognostic and quality of life scores suggests a lack of association between the measures, i.e., worse prognosis does not mean worse quality of life and the same statement is true in the opposite direction.

scholarly journals PROFIL PENGETAHUAN ORANG TUA TERKAIT PENYAKIT CACINGAN DAN PROGRAM DEWORMING SERTA PERILAKU BERISIKO TERKENA CACINGAN PADA ANAK

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Ella Yurika ◽  
Ade Prima A. S. ◽  
Nur Fauziah ◽  
Arianti Z.C ◽  
Naufal Farhan N ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Angka cacingan pada anak usia 1-12 tahun di Surabaya masih terhitung banyak walaupun program Pemberian Obat Pencegahan secara Massal (POPM) telah dilaksanakan. Penyakit ini banyak ditemukan di daerah yang padat penduduk dengan warga yang pengetahuannya kurang dalam perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat. Penelitian dilaksanakan untuk mengidentifikasi pengetahuan tentang cacingan dan program POPM serta perilaku berkaitan dengan faktor risiko cacingan. Penelitian ini merupakan cross-sectional study dengan survei menggunakan Interviewer-administered questionnaire pada penduduk yang memiliki anak berusia 1-12 tahun dan menetap di Kecamatan Sawahan, Kota Surabaya lebih dari tiga bulan dengan metode pengambilan data accidental sampling. Hasil survei dari 102 responden menunjukkan bahwa pengetahuan responden masih kurang dalam aspek mengenali gejala cacingan. Data hasil survei menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perilaku berisiko yang dilakukan oleh anak responden seperti tidak menggunakan alas kaki dan bermain di tanah sebanyak 34 (33,3%) dan 31 (30,4%) responden. Hasil Analisis Pearson Correlation menggunakan SPSS versi 22 menunjukkan adanya hubungan positif lemah antara pengetahuan dan perilaku menghindari cacingan (r = 0,199; signifikansi = 0,044). Pengetahuan responden mengenai program deworming atau POPM cukup rendah dengan hanya 34 (33,6%)responden yang mengetahuinya. Peningkatan pengetahuan dan perilaku masyarakat di daerah tersebut diperlukan agar angka infeksi cacingan pada anak dapat berkurang, salah satunya dengan penyuluhan dan pelatihan untuk hidup bersih dan sehat.

scholarly journals Corporate Governance And Its Effect On Firm Performance In An Emerging Economy

2022 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-291
Author(s):  
Langa Esmael KAREM ◽  
Hawkar Anwer HAMAD ◽  
Hakar Abubakir BAYZ ◽  
Naji Afrasyaw FATAH ◽  
Diary Jalal ALI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Financial Performance ◽  
Business Processes ◽  
Board Members ◽  
Board Composition ◽  
Return On Assets ◽  
Board Size ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Board Ownership

Having a board of directors is very important to ensure the smooth running of business processes and have an impact on the company's financial performance. This study to determine the impact of board characteristics namely board size, board ownership and board composition on the financial performance of organizations as measured by Return on Assets. The study employed a descriptive-explanatory research design based on a cross-sectional approach. Correlation and regression analyses were conducted to determine the depth and extent of the relationship between the variables. The study revealed a positive and significant association between the board size and financial performance on an average of 9 board members. Board composition revealed that having more external directors had no effect on the financial performance, it neither increased it nor decreased it, leading to the rejection of the hypothesis. On the other hand, board ownership was found to be beneficial in terms of having directors as owners of the business, corroborating the Stakeholder Theory. The studies showed that there was still a need to select board members with caution striking a balance between the number of directors as well as their composition to ensure that the organization reaps maximum benefits from the board.

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