scholarly journals TRANSMISSION OF COVID-19 BY PASSENGER’S DESTINATIONS FROM IRAN, CHINA AND AFGHANISTAN: HIGHER RISKS OF NOVEL CORONAVIRUS INTO BALUCHISTAN, PAKISTAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Syed Inamullah ◽  
Syed Ashrafuddin ◽  
Syed Bilal Ahmed ◽  
Rehmatullah Rehmatullah ◽  
Farah Naz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
Study Research ◽  
Contagious Disease ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Objective: The aim of this study research was to assess the risk of spreading of covid-19 through passenger and zahireen returning from Iran, china and Afghanistan through airports, seaports and land cross borders.Methods: The data was obtained from provincial heath directorate government of Baluchistan and from Chinese health commission daily update website from the period of 28th February to 3rd March 2020.Result: In February and March 2020 five (5) initial cases of COVID-19 are reported in passengers and zahireen (people go to Iran for pilgrimage) returned from China and Iran. Pakistan is at risk a rapid importation of novel coronavirus (Covid-19) due to huge land and air traffic with china, Iran and Afghanistan with their corresponding contaminated cities.Conclusion: Pakistan being included in the countries, mostly dealing with Iran and china for many economic forums, without pre-controlled measure can lead to the quick equipped of novel coronavirus. It needs well develop health facilities to stop the rapid dispersion of this contagious disease.Key words: COVID-19, contagious disease. Zahireen, Taftan   Risks in Pakistan

scholarly journals Mapping the capacities of fixed health facilities to cover people at risk of gambiense human African trypanosomiasis

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pere P Simarro ◽  
Giuliano Cecchi ◽  
José R Franco ◽  
Massimo Paone ◽  
Abdoulaye Diarra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Human African Trypanosomiasis ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
African Trypanosomiasis

scholarly journals COVID-19: A Syndemic Requiring an Integrated Approach for Marginalized Populations

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosemary M. Caron ◽  
Amanda Rodrigues Amorim Adegboye
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Collective Responsibility ◽  
Health Inequities ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Marginalized Populations ◽  
Structural Barriers ◽  
Public Health Services ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

The novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, has challenged healthcare systems globally. The health inequities experienced by immigrants, refugees, and racial/ethnic minorities have been aggravated during the COVID-19 pandemic. The socioeconomic, political, and demographic profile of these vulnerable populations places them at increased risk of contracting COVID-19 and experiencing significant morbidity and mortality. Thus, the burden of the COVID-19 pandemic is disproportionally higher among these at-risk groups. The purpose of this perspective is to: (1) highlight the interactions among the social determinants of health (SDoH) and their bi-directional relationship with the COVID-19 pandemic which results in the current syndemic and; (2) offer recommendations that consider an integrated approach to mitigate COVID-19 risk for marginalized populations in general. For these at-risk populations, we discuss how individual, structural, sociocultural, and socioeconomic factors interact with each other to result in a disparate risk to contracting and transmitting COVID-19. Marginalized populations are the world's collective responsibility. We recommend implementing the Essential Public Health Services (EPHS) framework to promote those systems and policies that enable optimal health for all while removing systemic and structural barriers that have created health inequities. The pledge of “Health for All” is often well-accepted in theory, but the intricacy of its practical execution is not sufficiently recognized during this COVID-19 syndemic and beyond.

scholarly journals How did the COVID-19 pandemic change the practice of Paediatric Endoscopists in Europe?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilektra Athiana ◽  
Corinne Légeret ◽  
Patrick Bontems ◽  
Luigi Dall'Oglio ◽  
Paola De Angelis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
European Society ◽  
Personal Protective Equipment ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Endoscopic Procedures ◽  
Viral Spread ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Time Point

Abstract Background: As endoscopists are at risk to get infected by the novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 during endoscopic procedures, the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) published recommendations regarding protection for the paediatric endoscopist and endoscopy suite staff. The aim of this survey was to investigate whether European paediatric gastroenterology centres applied the recommendations and how this extraordinary situation was handled by the different centres.Results: Twelve Paediatric European gastroenterology centers (from Belgium, Greece, Italy, Portugal, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, and United Kingdom) participated. Nine centres (75%) screened their patients for a possible COVID-19 infection before the procedure, the same amount of hospitals changed their practice based on the ESPGHAN recommendations. 67% of the centres reduced the staff in the endoscopy suite, 83% of the units used FFP2/3 masks and protective goggles during the procedure and 75% wore waterproof gowns.Conclusion: The global situation caused by COVID-19 changed so rapidly, and hospitals had to react immediately to protect staff and patients and could not wait for guidelines to be published. Furthermore, uniform guidelines could not be applied by all European hospitals at a certain time point of the viral spread, as different regions of Europe were not only affected differently by COVID-19, but also had different access to personal protective equipment.

scholarly journals The Episode of National Lockdown in the Pandemic: Air Traffic Restriction as the Control Strategy and Its Impact on Existing Cases and Recovery Rate of Novel Coronavirus Disease in Megacities of China

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. e19-e23
Author(s):  
Jiannan Li ◽  
Zhaoguo Wang ◽  
Bocong Yuan ◽  
Haixuan Liang ◽  
Wenqi Liang
Keyword(s):  
Recovery Rate ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Quadratic Term ◽  
Traffic Data ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Prior Literature ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Positive Effect

ABSTRACTObjective:The effectiveness of air traffic restriction in containing the spread of infectious diseases is full of controversy in prior literature. In January 2020, the Civil Aviation Administration of China (CAAC) announced air traffic restriction in response to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. This study’s aim is to empirically examine the policy effectiveness.Method:The data from 2 third-party platforms are used in this investigation. The COVID-19 data from the platform DXY and the air traffic data from Airsavvi are matched to each other. The robust panel regression with controlling city effect and time effect is conducted.Results:The curvilinear relations are found between the air traffic restriction and the existing cases, and the recovery rate (quadratic term = 9.006 and −0.967, respectively). As the strength of air traffic restriction is growing, the negative effect (-8.146) of air traffic restriction on the existing cases and the positive effect (0.961) of air traffic restriction on the recovery rate, respectively, begin decreasing.Conclusion:On the macro level, the air traffic restriction may help alleviate the growth of existing cases and help raise the recovery rate of COVID-19 in megacities of China, but both these effects will marginally recede as the restriction strength is intensifying.

scholarly journals Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on COVID-19 Negative Geriatric Patients with Hip Fractures

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
S.M. Lim ◽  
M. Tan ◽  
Y.L. Sze ◽  
L. Au
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
At Risk ◽  
General Population ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Hip Fractures ◽  
Geriatric Patients ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Indirect Impact ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Since December 2019, the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) had affected millions globally, particularly putting elderly and persons with chronic diseases at risk (1). 95% of all COVID-19 deaths in Singapore are older adults (2). As public health policymakers try to control the pandemic by focusing resources on COVID-19, the general population fear contracting coronavirus from hospitals, resulting in changes in their healthcare seeking behaviour. We describe two cases demonstrating the direct and indirect impact of COVID-19 to our geriatric patients in Singapore who have sustained hip fractures.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Pandemic: A Great Concern to Addiction Problem

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-10
Author(s):  
Faisal Muhammad ◽  
Chinyere Amaka Oruche ◽  
Kakoli Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Healthcare System ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

As a result of the current novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the general healthcare system is battling with recognizable challenges in delivering patients care. Both the patients and healthcare providers are at risk of COVID-19 exposure.

scholarly journals Machine Learning-Based Model to Predict the Disease Severity and Outcome in COVID-19 Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Sumayh S. Aljameel ◽  
Irfan Ullah Khan ◽  
Nida Aslam ◽  
Malak Aljabri ◽  
Eman S. Alsulmi
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Early Identification ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Prediction Method ◽  
Data Partitioning ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Gradient Boosting ◽  
Extreme Gradient Boosting ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak produced devastating effects on the global economy and the health of entire communities. Although the COVID-19 survival rate is high, the number of severe cases that result in death is increasing daily. A timely prediction of at-risk patients of COVID-19 with precautionary measures is expected to increase the survival rate of patients and reduce the fatality rate. This research provides a prediction method for the early identification of COVID-19 patient’s outcome based on patients’ characteristics monitored at home, while in quarantine. The study was performed using 287 COVID-19 samples of patients from the King Fahad University Hospital, Saudi Arabia. The data were analyzed using three classification algorithms, namely, logistic regression (LR), random forest (RF), and extreme gradient boosting (XGB). Initially, the data were preprocessed using several preprocessing techniques. Furthermore, 10-k cross-validation was applied for data partitioning and SMOTE for alleviating the data imbalance. Experiments were performed using twenty clinical features, identified as significant for predicting the survival versus the deceased COVID-19 patients. The results showed that RF outperformed the other classifiers with an accuracy of 0.95 and area under curve (AUC) of 0.99. The proposed model can assist the decision-making and health care professional by early identification of at-risk COVID-19 patients effectively.

scholarly journals The impacts of community-based HIV testing and counselling on testing uptake

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaelan Sumo Sulat ◽  
Yayi Suryo Prabandari ◽  
Rossi Sanusi ◽  
Elsi Dwi Hapsari ◽  
Budiono Santoso
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Treatment Services ◽  
Hiv Testing And Counselling ◽  
At Risk Populations ◽  
Meta Analyses

Purpose Community-based HIV testing and counselling (HTC) has been recommended for improving access to prevention, care, and treatment services in at-risk populations. Earlier systematic reviews and meta-analyses have been undertaken, but due to some methodological limitations, their findings do not yet provide a practical significance. The purpose of this paper is to re-examine the recent evidence of the efficacy of community-based HTC approaches on the uptake of HTC in at-risk populations. Design/methodology/approach The database of PubMed online, Science Direct, the Lancet Global Health, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Google Scholar were systematically searched using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines to obtain empirical papers published between March 2013 and December 2015. Findings Of 600 collected papers, there were 6 cluster randomized trials papers which met the inclusion criteria. Compared to the health facilities-based HTC, community-based HTC approaches have been shown to improve the uptake of HIV testing from 5.8 to 37 per cent, and improve HIV testing in men and their partners together from 6.8 to 34 per cent. The community approaches also detected lower HIV-positive cases (0.29 per cent as compared to 4 per cent), improved access to treatment services from 0.3 to 25 per cent, demonstrated higher cluster differentiation 4 count in newly diagnosed patients (median of 400-438 cells/µl), and increased the rate of first-time HIV testing from 9 to 11.8 per cent. With respect to social and behavioural outcomes, community-based HTC increased social norms for HIV testing by 6 per cent (95 per cent CI 3-9), decreased multiple sex partners by 55 per cent (95 per cent CI 42-73), lowered casual sex by 45 per cent (95 per cent CI 33-62), increased knowledge about HIV (83.2 vs 28.9 per cent), improved positive attitudes towards HIV patients (73.0 vs 34.3 per cent), and increased the use of condoms (28.0 vs 12.3 per cent). Originality/value Community-based HTC combined with behavioural interventions have been found to be more effective in increasing the uptake of HIV testing as well as other outcomes as compared to the conventional health facilities-based testing and counselling approaches.

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