scholarly journals The implications of covid-19 on the shipping/oil tanker market.

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Ogoun Ogoun
Keyword(s):  
Global Health ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Forecasting Methods ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Oil Tanker ◽  
Desk Review

Purpose: This aims at analyzing the implications of covid-19 on the shipping/oil tanker market. Methodology: In order to attain the aim of this study, findings and data are curated from existing literatures, documents, policies, etc. This implies that desk review is the methodology applied in this study where the researcher made use of secondary sources of data as against primary source of data. Findings: In the study, it was found that covid-19 brought about a shortage in the rate of demands for good thereby causing an unbalance in the rate of supply over demand at a time which directly brought about a huge decline in shipping/oil tanker transportation. The study also found that irrespective of the huge decline in the rate of shipping/oil tanker transportation brought about by low demand in comparison with supply; shipping/oil tanker was patronized by dealers for the purpose of storage of products. Also, the study found that seaborne trade fell downward from above 3% to below a negative 8% and at a bdp rate of 100m, the demand was 3% higher than the global supply which in 2019 was at about 97%. However, in the second quarter of 2020 the supply leads demand at over 28M bdp and a 13% increase in the demand year-on-year when compared to a fall of 3.9% in the supply year-on-year. Recommendation: The study recommends that appropriate forecasting methods and proper liaison with global health will aid in averting or ameliorating the risks and negative impacts brought on shipping/oil tanker market by covid-19.

An Assessment of Hygiene Maintenance Factors Effect on Employees’ Productivity in Nigerian Telecommunication Industry

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Ann Ogbo ◽  
Kifordu Anyibuofu Anthony ◽  
Okagu Kosisochukwu
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Relations ◽  
Telecommunication Network ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Telecommunication Industry ◽  
Mobile Telecommunication ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Maintenance Factors ◽  
Geographical Scope ◽  
Survey Approach

The study aimed at establishing an assessment of hygiene maintenance factors effects on employees’productivity. The hygiene/maintenance factors play vital role in employees’ productivity. They do not motivate employee in organization, yet they must be present or dissatisfaction will arise. . The study is aimed to pursue the following objectives: To determine the extent to which working conditions improve the performance of employees, to ascertain the effect of interpersonal relations within the organization on firms’ profitability and to assesthe extent to whichcompensation improve the performance of employees.The study was conducted using the survey approach. The geographical scope of the study was Mobile telecommunication network (MTN), located within Enugu metropolis. Two sources of data were utilized in the study: they included primary and secondary sources. The primary source wasthrough the administration of copies of designed questionnaire to a total of forty one respondents that made up the sample size for the study.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Initial Growth of Different Poplar Clones on Four Sites in Western Slovakia—Preliminary Results

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dávid Heilig ◽  
Bálint Heil ◽  
Christoph Leibing ◽  
Heinz Röhle ◽  
Gábor Kovács
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Poplar ◽  
Aridity Index ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Groundwater Availability ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Short Rotation

AbstractThis study was conducted to evaluate four hybrid poplar comparison tests along a groundwater availability gradient in Western Slovakia. The weather fluctuation during the 3-year study period was described with indices, such as the Forestry Aridity Index (FAI) or the hydrothermal coefficient (HTC). The soil chemical and physical parameters were determined from soil samples from the two upper horizons. The nutrient status and supply of the trees were categorized based on leaf elemental analysis. Altogether, 21 different clones from 6 genomic groups were compared. The survival (SRV), diameter at breast height (DBH), and height of the trees (H) had been measured annually since the plantations were established, and from these measurements, mean annual height increment (MAHI) values were derived. These weather, edaphic, and clonal factors were evaluated and compared. Significant effects of the site (edaphic factors) were found as the primary source of variance and clonal differences as secondary sources of variance among the growth of trees. The interaction of site × clone effects was not significant. The results showed that for short rotation forestry (SRF), the site parameters—especially groundwater availability—are key factors.

scholarly journals Architectural ruins: geoculture of the anatomy of buildings as illustrated by Casa Ippolito, Malta

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lino Bianco
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
History Of ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Building Physics

AbstractRuins are a statement on the building materials used and the construction method employed. Casa Ippolito, now in ruins, is typical of 17th-century Maltese aristocratic country residences. It represents an illustration of secondary or anthropogenic geodiversity. This paper scrutinises these ruins as a primary source in reconstructing the building’s architecture. The methodology involved on-site geographical surveying, including visual inspection and non-invasive tests, a geological survey of the local lithostratigraphy, and examination of notarial deeds and secondary sources to support findings about the building’s history as read from its ruins. An unmanned aerial vehicle was used to digitally record the parlous state of the architectural structure and karsten tubes were used to quantify the surface porosity of the limestone. The results are expressed from four perspectives. The anatomy of Casa Ippolito, as revealed in its ruins, provides a cross-section of its building history and shows two distinct phases in its construction. The tissue of Casa Ippolito—the building elements and materials—speaks of the knowledge of raw materials and their properties among the builders who worked on both phases. The architectural history of Casa Ippolito reveals how it supported its inhabitants’ wellbeing in terms of shelter, water and food. Finally, the ruins in their present state bring to the fore the site’s potential for cultural tourism. This case study aims to show that such ruins are not just geocultural remains of historical built fabric. They are open wounds in the built structure; they underpin the anatomy of the building and support insights into its former dynamics. Ruins offer an essay in material culture and building physics. Architectural ruins of masonry structures are anthropogenic discourse rendered in stone which facilitate not only the reconstruction of spaces but also places for human users; they are a statement on the wellbeing of humanity throughout history.

Using Sources In History Teaching

2021 ◽  
pp. 54-67
Author(s):  
Seema S.Ojha
Keyword(s):  
Deductive Reasoning ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Historical Knowledge ◽  
History Teaching ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
The Past ◽  
Teaching History ◽  
The World ◽  
Source Materials

History is constructed by people who study the past. It is created through working on both primary and secondary sources that historians use to learn about people, events, and everyday life in the past. Just like detectives, historians look at clues, sift through evidence, and make their own interpretations. Historical knowledge is, therefore, the outcome of a process of enquiry. During last century, the teaching of history has changed considerably. The use of sources, viz. textual, visual, and oral, in school classrooms in many parts of the world has already become an essential part of teaching history. However, in India, it is only a recent phenomenon. Introducing students to primary sources and making them a regular part of classroom lessons help students develop critical thinking and deductive reasoning skills. These will be useful throughout their lives. This paper highlights the benefits of using primary source materials in a history classroom and provides the teacher, with practical suggestions and examples of how to do this.

scholarly journals DAMPAK POLUSI PARTIKEL DEBU DAN GAS KENDARAAN BERMOTOR PADA VOLUME DAN KAPASITAS PARU

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jehosua Sinolungan
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Inner City ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Dust Particles ◽  
Key Words Air Pollution ◽  
Negative Impacts

Abstract: The increasing number of vehicles which increase air pollution has negative impacts on  global health, especially that of lung problems. Nowadays, people’s mobility is fast and variable, needing better and more environmentally friendly transportation, without neglecting the socio-economic aspect. These are the reasons to develop better and more environmentally related transportation facilities. By understanding air pollution mechanisms, and kinds of particles and pollutants from vehicles, we will appreciate and pay more attention to our environment, especially in urban areas. Collaboration among health and government related departments has to be improved to regulate the use of inner city vehicles, so that it can decrease lung problems. Key words: air pollution, transportation, dust particles, urban environment.     Abstrak: Bertambahnya jumlah kendaraan bermotor seiring dengan bertambahnya polusi udara, dan menimbulkan masalah global, yang berdampak negatif antara lain masalah kesehatan paru. Mobilitas manusia semakin beragam sehingga diperlukan dukungan sistem transportasi yang makin baik pula serta akrab lingkungan, tanpa mengabaikan segi sosio-ekonomi. Oleh karena itu sistem transportasi ini perlu dikembangkan menjadi sistem transportasi yang berkelanjutan. Diharapkan dengan mengetahui batasan polusi udara, jenis, serta dampak partikel debu dan gas kendaraan bermotor bagi kesehatan manusia akan  membuat kita lebih mencintai dan memperhatikan lingkugan hidup kita, khususnya sekitar perkotaan. Perana kerjasama lintas sektoral untuk mengatasi polusi partikel debu dan gas buangan perlu ditingkatkan Pengaturan kendaraan layak beroperasi akan menekan mening-katnya kasus infeksi atau gangguan saluran napas. Kata kunci: polusi udara, transportasi, partikel debu, lingkungan perkotaan.

scholarly journals TRANSFORMING THE POST-MUWAḤḤIDDŪN MAN: MALIK BENNABI’S CRITIQUE OF THE CONTEMPORARY MUSLIM SOCIETY

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-78
Author(s):  
Muhammad Yusuf Patria
Keyword(s):  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
The State ◽  
Analytic Approach ◽  
Muslim Society ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Current State ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Society Today

This article is aimed at discussing the critical analysis of a Muslim thinker, Malik Bennabi, of the state of contemporary Muslim society. This discussion uses a descriptive-analytic approach with Bennabi's works as the primary source and other supporting works as secondary sources. Bennabi's definition of a society, especially its origin, basic elements, and its stages, is described in detail as a basis for understanding Bennabi's thoughts. then, the article discusses Bennabi's analysis and criticism of the current state of Muslim society. For him, the root of all the problems experienced by Muslim society today is an internal weakness or what he calls "colonisability". This situation, according to him, creates vulnerable individuals and societies to be "colonized" again. Bennabi referred to these individuals in Muslim society as “Post-Muwaḥḥiddūn man”, as a sign that internal weaknesses began to emerge in Muslim society after the Muwaḥḥid dynasty. Based on his explanation, it can be concluded that the current Muslim society is disoriented and has lost its identity. The author also concludes that Bennabi's approach and analysis are able to describe the current state of Muslim society and the root of the problems it is experiencing.

scholarly journals Challenging Cocacolisation of Rural Nepali Market: The Role of Education

2017 ◽  
pp. 31-48
Author(s):  
Raj Kumar Dhungana ◽  
Alexandra Pfefferle
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Data Generation ◽  
Knowledge And Skills ◽  
Rural Markets ◽  
Rural Market ◽  
Rural Nepal ◽  
Desk Review ◽  
Red Bull

The shelves of local shops are filled with an abundance of imported beverages. Coca-Cola, Pepsi, Fanta, Sprite, Frooti, and Red Bull among others have made the way to rural Nepal, where agriculture is still the primary source of income. As the result of increasing access to imported goods and products in rural markets, local products are gradually losing ground. This paper shows that tailored consumer education can assist de-cocacolising the market and increase the competitiveness and diversification of local products. It does so by imparting knowledge and skills to individuals to be critical and responsible consumers who start seeking an equal share of local products in the rural market. For this paper, extensive desk review, rural market observations and interviews with consumers of different age groups, vendors and youth were used as data generation techniques.

Written Sources and African History: A Plea for the Primary Source. The Angola Manuscript Collection of Fernão de Sousa

1982 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 77-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatrix Heintze
Keyword(s):  
Textual Criticism ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Linguistic Knowledge ◽  
Historical Event ◽  
African History ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Sense Of Security ◽  
False Sense ◽  
German Speaking ◽  
Archival Work

The written sources for African history are scattered throughout the world, often in archives to which access is difficult. To reach them often requires a considerable expenditure of time and money, quite apart from the necessary linguistic knowledge. As a result, at least in the German-speaking world, much of the writing of African history and anthropology has for decades rested exclusively on published sources. Besides often leading to a serious deficiency of information, such an approach limits the degree of control to which written testimony can be subjected: even the most assiduous textual criticism soon reaches its limits if comparable information is lacking. In addition, where there are only a few published sources, the historian may all too easily be lulled into a false sense of security. To remedy this, it is not enough to plead for as much archival work as possible (a requirement that can today usually be taken for granted in any case) and encourage the publication of more primary sources. We should also pay more attention to the distinction between primary and secondary sources, that is, take more explicitly into account the proximity of a source to the historical event or situation concerned--quite apart from observing all the other rules of textual criticism.This paper therefore has two purposes. First, I wish to draw attention to a hitherto-neglected source for Angolan history in the first half of the seventeenth century--the manuscript collection of Fernão de Sousa, Governor of Angola from 1624 to 1630. A rough review of its contents and arrangement will perhaps stimulate scholars to study it and facilitate its use.

scholarly journals Sharing the Spoils: Winners and Losers in the Belt and Road Initiative in Myanmar

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-404
Author(s):  
SiuSue Mark ◽  
Indra Overland ◽  
Roman Vakulchuk
Keyword(s):  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Belt And Road

This article studies the impact of China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) on economic actors in Myanmar. It hypothesizes that the BRI has strong transformative potential, because Chinese projects are likely to transform Myanmar’s economy on different scales and influence the allocation of economic benefits and losses for different actors. The study identifies economic actors in Myanmar who are likely to be most affected by BRI projects. It also discusses how BRI-related investments could affect the country’s complex conflict dynamics. The article concludes with policy recommendations for decision makers in Myanmar, China, and the international community for mitigating the BRI’s possible negative impacts. The analysis draws on secondary sources and primary data collection in the form of interviews with key actors in Hsipaw, Lashio, and Yangon, involved with and informed about the BRI in Myanmar at the local, regional, and national levels.

scholarly journals “Battle of the Extremes”: Party Polarization in the 2010 Pennsylvanian Senatorial Election

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 21-31
Author(s):  
Emily Lieffers
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
American Politics ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Political Engagement ◽  
The United States ◽  
Election Campaigns ◽  
Primary Election ◽  
Party Polarization ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Depth Analysis

This paper provides an in-depth analysis of the senatorial election held in Pennsylvania in November of 2010. The paper outlines the state's primary election campaigns and the eventual campaign between two ideologically-opposed candidates, Sestak and Toomey. By referencing extensive primary source documents (interviews, campaign videos, and speeches), supported by scholarly secondary sources, this paper argues that Pennsylvania's senatorial election is emblematic of greater party polarization across the United States. The candidates' unwillingness to provide moderate solutions to appeal to voters in this swing state is noteworthy and is reflective of the decline of centrist politics in the country. Though narrow in scope, the argument put forth in this paper has broader implications for polarization and political engagement in contemporary American politics.

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