scholarly journals EFFECT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON BEE FARMING. A CRITICAL REVIEW OF LITERATURE

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
James Kimani
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Warming ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Community Needs ◽  
Interacting Species ◽  
Weather And Climate ◽  
Plant Pollinator

Purpose: Climate warming affects the phenology, local abundance and large‐scale distribution of bees. Despite this, there is still limited knowledge of how climate affect plant‐pollinator mutualisms and how changed availability of mutualistic partners influences the persistence of interacting species. This article reviews the evidence of climate warming effects on bee farming and discuss how their interactions may be affected by change in climate. Bees provide the majority of biotic pollination and are at risk from a multitude of factors; changes in land use, intensive agricultural practices, mono-cropping (growing a single crop year after year on the same land), and the use of pesticides have all contributed to large-scale losses, fragmentation and degradation of bee habitat. The general objective of the study was to establish the effect of effect of climate change on bee farming.    Methodology: The paper used a desk study review methodology where relevant empirical literature was reviewed to identify main themes and to extract knowledge gaps. Findings: The study found out Climate change is causing temperature shifts which are leaving bees unable to pollinate in time. Bees are severely vulnerable to extreme weather and climate change has caused flowers to emerge and bloom earlier. Changing temperatures have also reduced the size of their wild range by approximately five miles. Recommendations: The study recommends that the local community needs to be enlightened on the need to form self-help group. These will provide them a platform to access more incentives and be able to share more information in relation to honey yield and to put more emphasis on providing food and water to bees during dry season  

scholarly journals Climate Perspectives in the Intra–Americas Seas

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 959
Author(s):  
Ana María Durán-Quesada ◽  
Rogert Sorí ◽  
Paulina Ordoñez ◽  
Luis Gimeno
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Extreme Events ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Climate Projections ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Weather And Climate ◽  
The Impact

The Intra–Americas Seas region is known for its relevance to air–sea interaction processes, the contrast between large water masses and a relatively small continental area, and the occurrence of extreme events. The differing weather systems and the influence of variability at different spatio–temporal scales is a characteristic feature of the region. The impact of hydro–meteorological extreme events has played a huge importance for regional livelihood, having a mostly negative impact on socioeconomics. The frequency and intensity of heavy rainfall events and droughts are often discussed in terms of their impact on economic activities and access to water. Furthermore, future climate projections suggest that warming scenarios are likely to increase the frequency and intensity of extreme events, which poses a major threat to vulnerable communities. In a region where the economy is largely dependent on agriculture and the population is exposed to the impact of extremes, understanding the climate system is key to informed policymaking and management plans. A wealth of knowledge has been published on regional weather and climate, with a majority of studies focusing on specific components of the system. This study aims to provide an integral overview of regional weather and climate suitable for a wider community. Following the presentation of the general features of the region, a large scale is introduced outlining the main structures that affect regional climate. The most relevant climate features are briefly described, focusing on sea surface temperature, low–level circulation, and rainfall patterns. The impact of climate variability at the intra–seasonal, inter–annual, decadal, and multi–decadal scales is discussed. Climate change is considered in the regional context, based on current knowledge for natural and anthropogenic climate change. The present challenges in regional weather and climate studies have also been included in the concluding sections of this review. The overarching aim of this work is to leverage information that may be transferred efficiently to support decision–making processes and provide a solid foundation on regional weather and climate for professionals from different backgrounds.

scholarly journals Physiological effects of climate warming on flowering plants and insect pollinators and potential consequences for their interactions

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 418-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria L. Scaven ◽  
Nicole E. Rafferty
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Warming ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Floral Resources ◽  
Physiological Effects ◽  
Pollination Success ◽  
Insect Pollinators ◽  
Pollinating Insects ◽  
Plant Pollinator

Abstract Growing concern about the influence of climate change on flowering plants, pollinators, and the mutualistic interactions between them has led to a recent surge in research. Much of this research has addressed the consequences of warming for phenological and distributional shifts. In contrast, relatively little is known about the physiological responses of plants and insect pollinators to climate warming and, in particular, how these responses might affect plant-pollinator interactions. Here, we summarize the direct physiological effects of temperature on flowering plants and pollinating insects to highlight ways in which plant and pollinator responses could affect floral resources for pollinators, and pollination success for plants, respectively. We also consider the overall effects of these responses on plant-pollinator interaction networks. Plant responses to warming, which include altered flower, nectar, and pollen production, could modify floral resource availability and reproductive output of pollinating insects. Similarly, pollinator responses, such as altered foraging activity, body size, and life span, could affect patterns of pollen flow and pollination success of flowering plants. As a result, network structure could be altered as interactions are gained and lost, weakened and strengthened, even without the gain or loss of species or temporal overlap. Future research that addresses not only how plant and pollinator physiology are affected by warming but also how responses scale up to affect interactions and networks should allow us to better understand and predict the effects of climate change on this important ecosystem service.

Multidecadal, Continent-level Analysis Found No Impact of Climate Warming on Wheat Aphids

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Sun ◽  
Yumei Sun ◽  
Ling Ma ◽  
Zhen Liu ◽  
Qiyun Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Climate Warming ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Global Environmental Change ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
World Food ◽  
Agricultural Ecosystem ◽  
Agroecosystem Management ◽  
World Food Security

Abstract Temperature drastically determines insect abundances, thus under climate change, identifying major drivers affecting pest insect populations is critical to world food security and agricultural ecosystem health. Here, we conducted a meta-analysis with data obtained from 120 studies across China and Europe from 1970 to 2017 to reveal the roles of climate and agricultural practices in determining populations of wheat aphids. We showed aphid loads on wheat had distinct patterns between these two regions, with a significant increase in China but decrease in Europe over this time period. Although average winter and growing season temperatures increased over this period in both regions, we found no evidence showing climate warming affected aphid loads. Rather, differences in pesticide use, fertilization, land use, and natural enemies between China and Europe may be key factors accounting for differences in aphid pest populations. These findings provide insights for developing effective agroecosystem management under global change. These long-term data suggest that climate change may not be the most important driver of agricultural pest loads. Therefore, under global environmental change, consideration of multiple factors at large spatial-temporal scales will likely provide more insights for developing effective agroecosystem management to safeguard world food security.

Ecological Opportunities, Communities, and Evolution

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. McPeek
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Community Structure ◽  
Community Ecology ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Evolutionary Adaptation ◽  
Regional Patterns ◽  
Interacting Species ◽  
Evolutionary Trajectories ◽  
Regional Community

This book investigates how local and regional patterns of community structure develop across space and through time by focusing on the theoretical interrelationships among community ecology, evolutionary adaptation, dispersal, and speciation and extinction. It discusses the purely ecological dynamics of interacting species in different community modules, how species in simple community modules evolve to adapt to one another, and how speciation and biogeographic mixing of taxa influence local community structure. It also examines community mixing due to climate change and how regional community structure is shaped by the ecological and evolutionary dynamics of species across a metacommunity. This introduction provides an overview of the evolutionary trajectories of various species in the context of ecological opportunity and community ecology, aggregated taxa in the trophic web, types of species found in a community, sources of biodiversity in a community, and the dynamics of natural selection, coevolution, and community structure.

scholarly journals Application of agroforestry business models to tropical peatland restoration

AMBIO ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grahame Applegate ◽  
Blair Freeman ◽  
Benjamin Tular ◽  
Latifa Sitadevi ◽  
Timothy C. Jessup
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Investment Risk ◽  
Community Needs ◽  
Peatland Restoration ◽  
Tropical Peatlands ◽  
Returns On Investment

AbstractIndonesia is home to around 45% of the world’s tropical peatlands which continue to be degraded on a large scale by deforestation, drainage and fire, contributing massively to global GHG emissions. Approaches to restoring the peat–water balance and reducing emissions in peat hydrological units, through managing them based either on full protection or large-scale commercial production, have generally failed to address environmental and local community needs. We present published and unpublished findings pointing to the need for an integrated peatland protection and restoration strategy based first on raising water levels in degraded (drained) peatlands and maintaining them in forested peatlands, thus, reducing GHG emissions. Second, the strategy incorporates ecologically sound agroforestry business models that strengthen livelihoods of smallholders and so sustain their interest in sustainably managing the peatlands. In this paper, we focus on the second element of this strategy in Indonesia. Eight agroforestry business models are proposed based on their merits to attract both smallholders and commercial investors as well as their compatibility with hydrological rehabilitation of the peatlands. While financial returns on investment will vary across sites and countries, our analysis indicates that some models can be profitable over both short and longer time periods with relatively low levels of investment risk.

scholarly journals Assessment of climate change vulnerability in Chiti area of Lamjung district, Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 151-170
Author(s):  
Sher Bahadur Gurung
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Adaptive Capacity ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Climate Change Issue ◽  
Climate Change Vulnerability

Climate change issue is the global concern of the present day. The present study attempts to assess the vulnerability of the community due to climate change for which Chiti area of Besisahar Municipality from Lamjung district of Nepal was selected as the study area. The climate change vulnerability was assessed using the Long Term Research Program (LTRP). The long term climate change vulnerability household surveys from 2014 baseline data to 2016, 2017 and 2019 data were analysed in this study. This study adapted IPCC (2001) methodology i.e. also used by C4 EcoSolutions on their baseline climate change vulnerability assessment. This is a bottom-up, integrative approach that considers both physical and social dimensions at a local level. Consequently, vulnerability is best understood as a function of three components: exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity. Exposure to climate change vulnerability is calculated with sum of changes in temperature, changes in rainfall patterns, changes in rainfall intensity, drought episodes and flooding events. Sensitivity is calculated based on slope failures, soil fertility, changes in natural environment (i) soil cover; ii) levels of river sedimentation; iii) water salinity; iv) river ecosystems; v) forest size; and vi) the presence of invasive species), economic dependency level, irrigation facilities and livelihood sources. The major finding is that Chiti has been facing climate change since last decade and it is found severely vulnerable due to climate change. There is an urgent need of improvement on climate change adaptive capacity which could result of awareness, information on climate change and adaptation, surplus production and change in agricultural practices. The present study has used awareness score based on conceptual awareness, experiential awareness, and engagement of household to talk about climate change and adaptation. The Long Term Research Approach is appropriate to assess climate change vulnerability in community level. Climate change awareness is one of the major components to reduce vulnerability to climate change in the research area. This is a post adaptation vulnerability analysis of local community which supports climate change vulnerability adaptation policy.

scholarly journals Methane emissions from northern lakes under climate change: a review

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingling Li ◽  
Bin Xue
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Warming ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Thermokarst Lakes ◽  
Ice Melt ◽  
Thermokarst Lake ◽  
Lake Evolution

AbstractNorthern lakes are important sources of CH4 in the atmosphere under the background of permafrost thaw and winter warming. We synthesize studies on thermokarst lakes, including various carbon sources for CH4 emission and the influence of thermokarst drainage on carbon emission, to show the evasion potential of ancient carbon that stored in the permafrost and CH4 emission dynamics along with thermokarst lake evolution. Besides, we discuss the lake CH4 dynamics in seasonally ice-covered lakes, especially for under-ice CH4 accumulation and emission during spring ice melt and the possible influential factors for CH4 emission in ice-melt period. We summarize the latest findings and point out that further research should be conducted to investigate the possibility of abundant ancient carbon emission from thermokarst lakes under climate warming and quantify the contribution of ice-melt CH4 emission from northern lakes on a large scale.

Long-term changes in the geographic distribution and population structures of Osilinus lineatus (Gastropoda: Trochidae) in Britain and Ireland

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 537-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Mieszkowska ◽  
S.J. Hawkins ◽  
M.T. Burrows ◽  
M.A. Kendall
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Climate Warming ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Range Limits ◽  
Long Term Changes ◽  
Population Structures

Since the rate of global climate change began to accelerate in the 1980s, the coastal seas of Britain have warmed by up to 1°C. Locations close to the northern range edges of a southern trochid gastropod Osilinus lineatus in Britain previously surveyed in the 1950s and 1980s were resurveyed during 2002–2004 to determine whether changes in the success of near-limit populations had occurred during the period of climate warming. Between the 1980s and the 2000s, the range limits had extended by up to 55 km. Populations sampled over a latitudinal extent of 4 degrees from northern limits towards the centre of the range showed synchronous increases in abundance throughout the years sampled, suggesting a large-scale factor such as climate was driving the observed changes. These increases in abundance and changes in range limits are likely to have occurred via increased recruitment success in recent years.

scholarly journals Relationships among man, environment and sediment transport

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gil Mahé ◽  
Hafzullah Aksoy ◽  
Yao Télesphore Brou ◽  
Mohamed Meddi ◽  
Eric Roose
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sediment Transport ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
International Markets ◽  
Large River ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Agricultural Activity ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Multi Scale

In the Mediterranean the environment is under pressure from agricultural and urban development, changes in agricultural practices and international markets, and climate change. Moreover, many studies show a steady increase in the agro-pastoral pressure and land degradation and their impacts on water resources and soil, and ultimately the lives of local people. But few studies address these issues across the inclusive scale of large river basins. The conference held at Tipaza in Algeria, from which come several papers published in the Journal of Water Science in 2013, was intended to reflect on the topics, methods and tools available to study the relationships among humans, the environment and sediment transport at this large scale, with the result expected to improve the potential for dialogue between researchers and developers who make decisions for regional macro surfaces. The topics discussed at the conference that appear in the articles published here concern the factors responsible for the variability of sediment transport: climate change and anthropogenic changes, such as agricultural activity and water projects; relationships between land-cover/land-use, rainfall-runoff processes and sediment transport; modeling of sediment transport; and the interest of a multi-scale approach, predominantly a spatial one, for addressing the geographical realities of large basins and scale transfer issues, particularly in Mediterranean and semi-arid areas.

Impact of large-scale agricultural investment on the livelihood assets of local community in Gambella region, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-383
Author(s):  
Amanuel Kussia Guyalo ◽  
Esubalew Abate Alemu ◽  
Degefa Tolossa Degaga
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Local People ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Agricultural Investment ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThe Ethiopian government is promoting large-scale agricultural investment in lowland regions of the country, claiming that the investment could improve livelihoods of the local people. The outcomes of the investment, however, have been a controversial issue in public and academic discourses. Particularly, studies that quantify the impact of such investment on the asset base of local people are extremely limited. The main purpose of this study is, therefore, to investigate the actual effect of the investment on the asset of the local people and inform policy decision.Design/methodology/approachThis study employs a quasi-experimental research design and a mixed research approach. Data were collected from 342 households drawn through a systematic sampling technique and analysed by using multiple correspondence analysis and propensity score matching.FindingsThe study finds that the investment has a significant negative impact on the wealth status of affected households and deteriorated their asset base.Practical implicationsThe results imply that inclusive and fair business models that safeguard the benefits of the investment hosting community and encourage a strong collaboration and synergy between the community and private investors are needed.Originality/valueThis study analyses the impact of large-scale agricultural investment on the asset of affected community based on various livelihood capital. In doing so, it significantly contributes to knowledge gap in the empirical literature. It also contributes to the ongoing academic and policy debates based on actual evidence collected from local community.

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