scholarly journals Les périodes d’essaimage des fourmis parasites du sous-genre Chthonolasius observées dans la région Hauts-de-France (Hymenoptera : Formicidae : Formicinae)

Osmia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
Laurent Colindre
Keyword(s):  
Host Species ◽  
Light Traps ◽  
Effective Technique ◽  
Northern France

Swarming periods of parasitic ants from the subgenus Chthonolasius observed in the Hauts-de-France region (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Formicinae). - Swarming periods of parasitic ants from the subgenus Chthonolasius are studied in Northern France. This work, carried out between 2014 and 2020, improves our understanding of their strategy for parasitising host species. The role of insect traps is discussed for the study of this group of insects, in particular the light traps which seems to be the most effective technique for detecting individuals belonging to this subgenus. The data collected also makes possible to question the patrimonial value of these species.

scholarly journals Flap fixation in preventing seroma formation after mastectomy: an updated meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nunzio Velotti ◽  
Gennaro Limite ◽  
Antonio Vitiello ◽  
Giovanna Berardi ◽  
Mario Musella
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Seroma Formation ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Axillary Lymph ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Effective Technique ◽  
Strong Evaluation ◽  
Flap Fixation

AbstractSeroma formation following mastectomy is one of the most experienced complications, with a very variable incidence ranging from 3 to 90%. In recent years, many publications have been realized to define an effective technique to prevent its formation and several approaches have been proposed. Given the potential of flap fixation in reducing seroma formation, we performed a meta-analysis of the literature to investigate the role of this approach as definitive gold standard in mastectomy surgery. Inclusion criteria regarded all studies reporting on breast cancer patients undergoing mastectomy with or without axillary lymph node dissection; studies that compared mastectomy with flap fixation to mastectomy without flap fixation were selected. Papers were eligible for inclusion if outcome was described in terms of seroma formation. As secondary outcome, also surgical site infection (SSI) was evaluated. The included studies were 12, involving 1887 female patients: 221/986 (22.41%) patients experienced seroma formation after flap fixation and 393/901 (43.61%) patients had this complication not receiving flap fixation, with a significant statistical difference between the two groups (OR = 0.267, p = 0.001, 95% CI 0.153, 0.464). About, SSI 59/686 (8.6%) in flap fixation group and 67/686 (9.7%) in patients without flap fixation, with no statistical differences between groups (OR = 0.59, p = 0.056, 95% CI 0.344, 1.013).The heterogeneity between included studies does not allow us to reach definitive conclusions but only to suggest the strong evaluation of this approach after mastectomy in seroma preventing and SSI reduction.

scholarly journals Bovine tuberculosis in southern African wildlife: a multi-species host–pathogen system

2006 ◽  
Vol 135 (4) ◽  
pp. 529-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. RENWICK ◽  
P. C. L. WHITE ◽  
R. G. BENGIS
Keyword(s):  
Host Species ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Disease Susceptibility ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Transmission Modes ◽  
Host Pathogen ◽  
Kafue Lechwe ◽  
Utilization Patterns

SUMMARYThis review examines the current situation of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) in southern African savannah systems, and uses theory on multi-species host–pathogen systems to suggest possible options for future research and management. In southern Africa, the buffalo (Syncerus caffer) and the Kafue lechwe [Marsh antelope] (Kobus leche) have been found to be maintenance hosts for this disease, but the importance of other host species is becoming apparent. The role of other host species in the maintenance and spread of the disease varies, depending on the spatial distribution and resource utilization patterns of the species, disease susceptibility, transmission modes and the ecology of both host(s) and vector(s). Future research needs to identify the pathogenicity of bTB in each of the host species, and the mechanisms and rates of inter- and intra-specific transmission among different species, in order to develop multi-host models to understand the development and spread of the disease.

scholarly journals Distinct spread of DNA and RNA viruses among mammals amid prominent role of domestic species

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstans Wells ◽  
Serge Morand ◽  
Maya Wardeh ◽  
Matthew Baylis
Keyword(s):  
Host Species ◽  
Rna Viruses ◽  
Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽  
Dna Viruses ◽  
Bayesian Hierarchical ◽  
Domestic Species ◽  
Global Database ◽  
Dna And Rna ◽  
Zoonotic Viruses

AbstractEmerging infectious diseases arising from pathogen spillover from mammals to humans comprise a substantial health threat. Tracing virus origin and predicting the most likely host species for future spillover events are major objectives in One Health disciplines. However, the species that share pathogens most widely with other mammals, and the role of different wildlife groups in sharing viruses with humans remain poorly identified. To address this challenge, we applied network analysis and Bayesian hierarchical models to a global database of mammal-virus associations. We show that domesticated mammals and some primates hold the most central positions in networks of known mammal-virus associations. We revealed strong evidence that DNA viruses were phylogenetically more host specific than RNA viruses, while the frequencies of sharing viruses among hosts and the proportion of zoonotic viruses in hosts were larger for RNA than DNA viruses. Among entire host-virus networks, Carnivora and Chiroptera hold central positions for mainly sharing RNA viruses with other host species, while network centrality of Primates scored relatively high for sharing DNA viruses. Ungulates hold central positions for sharing both RNA and DNA viruses. Acknowledging the role of domestic species in addition to host and virus traits in patterns of virus sharing is necessary to improve our understanding of virus spread and spillover in times of global change.

7. Down the mine

2020 ◽  
pp. 83-92
Author(s):  
Brian Nelson
Keyword(s):  
The Novel ◽  
Paris Commune ◽  
Northern France ◽  
Mining Community ◽  
Political Voice ◽  
The Government ◽  
Commune Of 1871 ◽  
The City

‘Down the mine’ considers the role of the mining community on Zola. The bloody events of the Paris Commune of 1871, when a revolutionary uprising of citizens declared the city independent from the government, convinced Zola that he should write a novel that addressed revolutionary activity in a contemporary setting. Germinal describes a strike in a mining community in northern France, led by Gervaise Macquart’s son Étienne Lantier. The novel was influenced by the socialist ideas that were becoming widespread, with characters representing militant, moderate, and anarchist ideals. Germinal depicts a moment in history when the workers begin to find a political voice. But the strike fails, and the ending is ambiguous, with Étienne leaving for Paris to continue his struggle there.

Expanding the Progressive Tension Suture Concept: A Study of its Utility in Body Contouring Procedures

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nneamaka Agochukwu-Nwubah ◽  
Christopher Patronella
Keyword(s):  
Body Contouring ◽  
Wound Dehiscence ◽  
Diep Flap ◽  
Potential Space ◽  
Effective Technique ◽  
Patient Demographics ◽  
Progressive Tension Sutures ◽  
Latissimus Flap ◽  
Flap Procedure

Abstract Background Seroma is one of the most common complications following body contouring. Progressive tension sutures have been shown to decrease the seroma rate following abdominoplasty, component separation, facelifts and following latissimus flap and DIEP flap harvest. Objectives The objective of our study was to look at the effects of progressive tension suture techniques and their role on the seroma rate in body contouring flap procedures. Methods A retrospective review was performed of all patients undergoing a flap procedure (defined as any procedure that produces a dead space and subsequent susceptibility to seroma) by a single surgeon at a single institution over 3 years. All patients/procedures utilized progressive tension techniques, as is routine in the surgeon’s practice. No drains were used. Patient demographics and complications, including seroma, were tracked. Results A total of 441 flap procedures were performed in 351 patients over the 3-year study period. There were 305 abdominoplasties, 68 lower body lifts, 17 medial thigh lifts, 36 brachioplasties and 15 torsoplasties. Progressive tension sutures were used in all procedures. No drains were utilized. Complications occurred in 72 procedures (16.3%), with the most common complication being minor wound dehiscence without infection. There were no cases of seroma. Conclusions Progressive tension sutures represent an effective technique for reducing the seroma rate, eliminating the potential space and promoting tissue adherence in flap procedures for body contouring. This is the first study of its kind demonstrating the use and role of this technique in body contouring procedures beyond the scope of abdominoplasty.

THE ROLE OF CLIMATE AND DISPERSAL IN THE INITIATION OF OUTBREAKS OF THE SPRUCE BUDWORM IN NEW BRUNSWICK: II. THE ROLE OF DISPERSAL

1957 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. O. Greenbank
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Larval Dispersal ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Light Traps ◽  
The West ◽  
Effective Agent ◽  
History Of ◽  
Present Part

In Part I of this paper consideration was given to the role of climate in the initiation of outbreaks of the spruce budworm in New Brunswick. Analysis of the available weather data showed that the 1912 and 1949 outbreaks developed after several consecutive dry summers. Support was given to the theory of climatic release, which explains the time and place of outbreaks on a climatic basis. However, the recorded history of the spruce budworm also shows that high populations appeared in New Brunswick shortly after "spreading" through Quebec, and this suggests that the New Brunswick outbreaks are also a continuation of this spread. In the present part of the paper consideration is given to the role of dispersal. Moth dispersal is a more effective agent of spread than larval dispersal. Moths may be transported by convectional and turbulent air currents for long distances. Light traps used to detect the incidence of moth movements, showed that large segments of a population may be transferred from one area to another. Unspent females often predominate in these movements. Moth invasion was not detected before the 1949 outbreak although there is evidence from other sources that it occurred in 1948. When deposited in dense, mature, softwood stands, the moths can create outbreaks, but when deposited in young, open, or mixed-wood stands the ensuing high populations soon decline unless bolstered by repeated invasions. Populations in New Brunswick showed gradual and general increases as early as 1947. It is thought probable that these increases resulted from the build-up of local populations through climatic release. The nearest highly-populated centers were over 100 miles to the west in 1947. Later, invasion of moths from centers outside of the Province may have hastened the process.

CANDSN: A Computer Aided Network Design and Adjustment System

1984 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-114
Author(s):  
Michael P. Mepham ◽  
Edward J. Krakiwsky
Keyword(s):  
Computer Graphics ◽  
Network Design ◽  
Effective Technique ◽  
University Of Calgary ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
And Mathematics ◽  
Cadastral Surveying ◽  
Adjustment System ◽  
The University

Program CANDSN was developed at The University of Calgary for designing, adjusting and analyzing horizontal survey networks. The concepts and mathematics that this program is based upon are discussed in this paper. The role of interactive computer graphics as an effective technique for the entry and editing of data and the presentation of results is discussed. Experience with examples from the fields of geodesy, engineering surveying, and cadastral surveying have demonstrated the effectiveness of this program as an educational, research and working tool.

scholarly journals Chickens and Cattle as Sources of Sporadic Domestically Acquired Campylobacter jejuni Infections in Finland

2009 ◽  
Vol 75 (16) ◽  
pp. 5244-5249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjaana Hakkinen ◽  
Ulla-Maija Nakari ◽  
Anja Siitonen
Keyword(s):  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Temporal Association ◽  
Animal Host ◽  
Hygienic Measures ◽  
Human Infections

ABSTRACT A substantial sampling among domestic human campylobacter cases, chicken process lots, and cattle at slaughter was performed during the seasonal peak of human infections. Campylobacter jejuni isolates (n = 419) were subtyped using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis with SmaI, and isolates representing overlapping types (n = 212) were further subtyped using KpnI for restriction. The SmaI/KpnI profiles of 55.4% (97/175) of the human isolates were indistinguishable from those of the chicken or cattle isolates. The overlapping SmaI/KpnI subtypes accounted for 69.8% (30/43) and 15.9% (32/201) of the chicken and cattle isolates, respectively. The occurrence of identical SmaI/KpnI subtypes with human C. jejuni isolates was significantly associated with animal host species (P < 0.001). A temporal association of isolates from chickens and patients was possible in 31.4% (55/175) of the human infections. Besides chickens as sources of C. jejuni in the sporadic infections, the role of cattle appears notable. New approaches to restrict the occurrence of campylobacters in other farm animals may be needed in addition to hygienic measures in chicken production. However, only about half of the human infections were attributable to these sources.

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