Comparative Study of the Potentials of Aspergillus terreus, Bacillus species and Chlorella vulgaris on the Bio-Remediation of Reactive Red 198 (RR198) Dye

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 168-174
Author(s):  
Z. M. Sani ◽  
◽  
A.S. Dalhatu ◽  
S. Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Chlorella Vulgaris ◽  
Aspergillus Terreus ◽  
Dye Adsorption ◽  
Bacillus Species ◽  
Synthetic Dyes ◽  
Reactive Red 198 ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
Pure Cultures ◽  
Fabric Materials

Re-dyeing of fabric materials using synthetic dyes (such as reactive dyes) is fast spreading in metropolitan Kano which causes serious damage to the ecosystems. This study was carried out to compare the potentials of Aspergillus terreus, Bacillus species and Chlorella vulgaris in bioremediation and adsorption of reactive red 198 (RR198) dye used in fabric re-dyeing. This was achieved through inoculation of pure cultures of the organisms in the dye solution. The highest percentage adsorption for all the test organisms was recorded after 48 hours of inoculation, with Chlorella vulgaris displaying 86.4%, Bacillus species, 84.4% and Aspergillus terreus, 69.8% of dye adsorption. The results showed statistically significant difference in dye adsorption among the three species with Chlorella vulgaris having the highest adsorption potential compared to the Bacillus species and Aspergillus terreus. The adsorption process fitted with the Freundlich's isotherm, revealing a multilayer adsorption pattern. There is need for the introduction of better strategies that detoxify dyes before discharging into the environment to avoid further contamination. Keywords: Aspergillus terreus, Bacillus species, Chlorella vulgaris, Reactive red 198 (RR198) dye.

Marine Biosurfactants, III. Toxicity Testing with Marine Microorganisms and Comparison with Synthetic Surfactants

1991 ◽  
Vol 46 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 210-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Knut Poremba ◽  
Wilfried Gunkel ◽  
Siegmund Lang ◽  
Fritz Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Marine Bacterium ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Toxicity Testing ◽  
Test System ◽  
Marine Microorganisms ◽  
Oil Dispersants ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
Pure Cultures ◽  
Microtox Test ◽  
Synthetic Surfactants

Eight synthetic and nine biogenetic surfactants were tested on their toxicity. Because of their possible application as oil dispersants against oil slicks on sea. the test organisms used were marine microorganisms (mixed and pure cultures of bacteria, microalgae, and protozoa). Bacterial growth was hardly effected or stimulated, whilst that of algae and flagellates was reduced. All substances tested were biodegradaded in sea water. The bioluminescence of Photobacter phosphoreum (Microtox test) was the most sensitive test system used. A ranking shows that most biogenetic surfactants were less toxic than synthetic surfactants. No toxicity could be detected with the glucose-lipid GL. produced by the marine bacterium Alcaligenes sp. MM 1.

scholarly journals Adsorption of Textile Dye by Activated Carbon Made from Rice Straw and Oil Palm Midrib

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mochamad Lutfi Firdaus ◽  
Noli Krisnanto ◽  
Wiwit Alwi ◽  
Ronald Muhammad ◽  
Muhamad Allan Serunting
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Adsorption Isotherms ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Dye Adsorption ◽  
Textile Dye ◽  
Synthetic Dyes ◽  
Potential Hazard ◽  
Synthetic Dye ◽  
Langmuir And Freundlich Models

Synthetic dye wastewater from textile industries is characterized by strong color, high temperature, variable pH and high chemical oxygen demand (COD). The strong color of wastewater affects aesthetic and water transparency of water bodies. The metabolites could be toxic to aquatic biota and posing a potential hazard to human health. Eventually, it will cause severe environmental problems. One of method that has advantages in term of simplicity to remove synthetic dyes is adsorption. Environmentally benign and low-cost materials to make adsorbent are biomass-based materials. Two different biomaterial wastes of rice straw and oil palm midrib were used in this study to develop activated carbon adsorbents. These adsorbents were applied for the removal of Naphtol AS-G dye in aqueous solution. The effects of solution pH, adsorbents masses and contact time on dye adsorption were evaluated based on batch experiments. Removal of dye can be achieved within 60 minutes at a wide pH range starting from 4 to 8. At lower pH, synthetic dye removal was decreasing probably due to protonation of adsorbent’s active sites. The adsorption isotherms based on Langmuir and Freundlich models were analyzed. The isotherms analysis indicated that the adsorption by rice straw and oil palm can be represented by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm model, respectively. Adsorption isotherms of Naphtol AS-G onto activated carbon are favorable with high adsorption capacity for both biomaterials. The mechanisms of color removal by activated carbon involved chemical and physical adsorption, in accordance with both the Langmuir and Freundlich models. The calculated maximum dye adsorption capacities onto rice straw and oil palm midrib activated carbon were 55.86 and 69.44 mg/g, respectively. Adsorption using biomass-based activated carbon offers a good technique for textile wastewater treatment as it could remove up to 95% of the color intensity besides reducing other pollutants such as COD, nitrate and phosphate. 

Antimicrobial, antioxidant and quantitative phytochemical evaluation of the dichloromethane and methanolic leaf extracts of Solenostemon monostychus P. Beauv

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 008-013
Author(s):  
Ere Diepreye ◽  
Eboh Abraham Sisein ◽  
Ovuru German Salvation
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacillus Species ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Microbial Infections ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
Dpph Scavenging ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

Solenostemon monostachyus P. Beauv (Lamiaceae family) is an important herb that is widespread in West and Central Africa.The leaves are used in various decoctions traditionally to treat diseases most especially microbial infections associated with the foot. In this study, the phytochemicals (qualitative and quantitative) of the plant were determined. The antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the plant were also evaluated by standard methods. Results showed alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, saponins phenolics in the methanolic extract of Solenostemon monostachyus. Cardiac glycosides and steroids absent in the methanolic extract were found present in the dichloromethane extract. The quantitative phytochemicals recorded were alkaloids (18.05 ± 0.87%), saponins (11.3 ± 0.56 %), tannins (3.3 ± 0.19 GAE). The antioxidant activity testing showed that the methanolic extract has higher DPPH scavenging ability over dichloromethane extract and standard ascorbic acid. In the antimicrobial activity testing, the cup-plate diffusion method was used and the result showed that the dichloromethane extract inhibited the growth of Bacillus species at concentrations 100 mg/ml, 50 mg/ml, 20 mg/ml and 10 mg/ml while methanolic extract inhibited the growth of bacillus species only at 100 mg/ml with 5 mm zone of inhibition. However, both methanol and dichloromethane extract showed no antimicrobial activity on the other test organisms such as Psudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. In conclusion both methanolic and dichloromethane extracts of Solenostemon monostachyus are potential sources of antimicrobial and antioxidant.

scholarly journals Chlorella Vulgaris Biomass Supplementation Increased the Abundance of Hepatic Antioxidant Proteins in Relation to Oxidative Stress Reduction in Rabbits

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akeem Babatunde Sikiru ◽  
Arangasamy Arunachalam ◽  
Stephen Sunday Acheneje Egena ◽  
Sejian Veerasamy ◽  
Ippala Janardhan Reddy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Chlorella Vulgaris ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Antioxidant Genes ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Antioxidant Proteins

Abstract Background Chlorella vulgaris is a unicellular microalga that is rich in antioxidant, its supplementation has been reported to reduce oxidative stress via upregulations of antioxidant genes. However, there are scarce reports on its effect on antioxidant protein expressions in rabbits – a situation which necessitate an untargeted proteomic profile analysis due to its supplementation. This is because untargeted proteomics profiling is an approach suitable for assessing the effectiveness of genes code translation into polypeptide chains folded into functional proteins used for specific sub-cellular or extracellular physiological activities. It remains one of the comparative avenues for evaluating the efficacies of drugs and nutraceutical agents including antioxidants. In this study, the antioxidant efficacy of a microalga Chlorella vulgaris was evaluated at molecular levels using its hepatic protein expression in rabbit models. Results After 120 days of the microalga supplementation, protein was extracted from liver of the rabbits for untargeted proteomics profiling using LC-MS/Orbitrap Fusion Tribrid™ peptides quantifier and sequencer. There were five-hundred and eleven (511) proteins identified; and among the proteins, 191 were specific to the control group while 186 were specific to the Treatment group; and 134 were common to both groups. Independent samples t-test of the protein abundance indicated that there was a significant difference (p = 0.01) between the treatment and the control groups. There was also a significant reduction in the malondialdehyde concentrations (p = 0.01), higher total antioxidant capacities (p = 0.002), and increased antioxidant enzyme activities (p = 0.05) between the treatment and control groups.Conclusion The study concluded that one of the molecular mechanisms associated with Chlorella vulgaris intake reduction of the hepatic oxidative stress is increased abundances of antioxidant proteins and reduction of the lipid peroxidation and these led to a suggestion that the microalga is a potent antioxidant agent suitable for protecting against oxidative stress in rabbits and other domestic food producing animals.

scholarly journals Determination and Analysis of Metals in Freshwater Microalgae (Chlorella vulgaris and Spirulina platensis) through Total Reflection X-ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy (TXRF)

2021 ◽  
pp. 32-38
Author(s):  
J. I. Bungudu ◽  
Lorrie M. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescence Spectroscopy ◽  
Chlorella Vulgaris ◽  
Spirulina Platensis ◽  
Total Reflection ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Freshwater Microalgae ◽  
Algae Biomass ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Significant Difference

This work investigates the concentration of some trace elements in freshwater microalgae ( Chlorella vulgaris and Spirulina platensis) through total reflection x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (TXRF). Slurry samples were prepared from 3.4 ± 0.5 to 9.8 ± 0.5 mg of freeze-dried algae biomass for direct metals analysis. Gallium was used as internal standard at concentration of 500 µg/L and the solution was mixed for 15 second using vortex. The concentrations of different metals including Magnesium (Mg), Zinc (Zn), Phosphorus (P), Sulphur (S), Copper (Cu), Potassium (K), Calcium (Ca), Manganese (Mn) and Iron (Fe) were determined in the ranged 6.8 ± 1.7 – 15709 mg/kg. A similar study investigated the total macro and micronutrient profile Chlorella vulgaris and the published data agree with current study. Statistical analysis shows that only Ba has significant difference between Chlorella vulgaris and Spirulina platensis (P = 0.05) The two investigated algal species shows a measurable concentration using TXRF of metals such as manganese, iron, copper, and zinc. TXRF shows good accuracy with ability to determine sample in small quantities (µl) In conclusion, the sensitivity of TXRF technique can also be seen in determining elements with lower atomic number such as Ca, P and K.

scholarly journals Discoloration and mineralization of a textile azo dye using a hybrid UV/O3/SBR process

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hakimeh Mahdizadeh ◽  
Yousef Dadban Shahamat ◽  
Susana Rodríguez-Couto
Keyword(s):  
Textile Industry ◽  
Advanced Oxidation Processes ◽  
Sequencing Batch Reactor ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Synthetic Dyes ◽  
Oxidation Processes ◽  
Toc Removal ◽  
Reactive Red 198 ◽  
Water And Wastewater ◽  
Ozonation Process

AbstractMost synthetic dyes are toxic and hardly biodegradable compounds that enter the environment mainly through the discharged of non-treated textile industry effluents. The present study investigated the removal of the textile monoazo dye Reactive Red 198 (RR-198) from aqueous solutions using the ultraviolet light and ozonation alone and in combination (i.e., UV/O3) followed by a Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR). The pH (5 ≤ pH ≤ 9) and dye initial concentration (50–300 mg/L) parameters were optimized in the ozonation process at reaction time of 0–60 min. Then, TOC removal and dye discoloration percentage was compared with the O3, UV and O3/UV processes. In order to compare the performance of the SBR in dye discoloration of RR-198 and TOC removal, four types of effluent, including Raw dye, O3-pretreated dye, UV-treated dye and UV/O3-pretreated dye were separately treated in the SBR system. In the ozonation process, by increasing the pH and reducing the initial dye concentration increased the discoloration percentage. The highest dye discoloration percentage and TOC removal obtained in the hybrid UV/O3/SBR process. Combining biological systems and Advanced Oxidation Processes is an appropriate option for the decomposition of resistant pollutants and increasing the biodegradability of these compounds and is applicable in the water and wastewater industry.

scholarly journals Effects of activated carbon on the growth of Chlorella vulgaris in an aqueous solution

SURG Journal ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alannah Penno ◽  
Emily Agar ◽  
Jordyn Divok
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Chlorella Vulgaris ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Algal Growth ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Lake Ecosystems ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Aqueous Environments ◽  
Algae Growth

Algal blooms, if left unmanaged, can negatively impact lake ecosystems. An unexplored method of removing excess nutrients from lakes, and therefore reducing algal blooms, is through the use of biochar. We hypothesize that due to the adsorptive characteristics of pyrolyzed material such as biochar and activated carbon, its presence would reduce the nutrient availability within aqueous solutions, therefore reducing algal growth. This experiment was conducted in an aqueous solution containing COMBO growth medium with and without the presence of activated carbon, studied under four conditions: 5 mg/L, 10 mg/L, 20 mg/L, and 50 mg/L phosphorous. We applied these treatments to an aqueous solution containing algae and measured fluorometer readings of the algae growth over a period of 12 days. An analysis of covariance followed by a Tukey’s HSD test demonstrated a significant difference between the means of samples containing activated carbon compared to samples without (p < 0.0001). Further, nutrient readings taken of each sample demonstrate a lower concentration of both phosphorus and nitrogen in samples containing activated carbon compared to those without. Our study demonstrates that activated carbon has the capacity to be used for the adsorption of phosphorous. This suggests that both activated carbon, as well as its more adsorptive counterpart, biochar, have the potential to be used in mitigating algal blooms and, more importantly, reducing the effects of anthropogenic eutrophication in aqueous environments.

scholarly journals Bacterial decolourization of azo dyes

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Amrita Nair ◽  
Nandini Rajendhiran ◽  
R Varsha ◽  
Biljo V Joseph ◽  
V L Vasantha
Keyword(s):  
Azo Dyes ◽  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Textile Effluent ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Synthetic Dyes ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Pure Cultures ◽  
Dyes And Pigments

Release of textile effluent into the environment is a matter of health concern. Dyes and pigments that are part of textile effluent generate hazardous wastes which are generally inorganic or organic contaminants. Among the present pollution control strategies, biodegradation of synthetic dyes by microbes is evolving as a promising approach, even more than physico-chemical methods. While both mixed cultures and pure cultures have been used to achieve efficient biodegradation, no conclusive result has been determined. This paper aims at checking the efficiency of mixed culture of sewage and pure isolates in degradation of azo dyes, both simple dyes like methyl red and methyl orange and a more complex dye like Janus green.

scholarly journals The Medicinal Wood-Decay Species Laricifomes officinalis in the Alpe Veglia–Alpe Devero Natural Park (Italian Alps): Spatial Analysis and Growth Tests of Pure Cultures

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Elena Girometta ◽  
Laura Rovelli ◽  
Francesco Bracco ◽  
Francesca Brescia ◽  
Rebecca Michela Baiguera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Conservation Strategy ◽  
Lower Growth ◽  
Natural Park ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pure Cultures ◽  
Gran Paradiso

Abstract Laricifomes officinalis is a wood-decay fungus that is closely associated with old individuals of Larix decidua . In the twentieth century, L. officinalis was over-harvested because of its medicinal properties; consequently, it has become very rare or almost extinct in the Alps. In this study, we investigated the population of L. officinalis in the Alpe Veglia–Alpe Devero Natural Park (Val d’Ossola, Italy) to assess a preliminary conservation strategy. Population consistency was estimated using field mapping, and spatial analysis was performed on host trees based on topographical and environmental variables. Mycelia were isolated from harvested basidiomata, and strain identity confirmed by molecular analysis of the ITS region. All isolated strains were tested for growth in Petri dishes containing different standard media to determine which strains had the highest growth rates; the fastest growing strains may be selected for future studies and applications. Compared to the control strains from Val Malenco and Parco Nazionale del Gran Paradiso, all strains from Alpe Veglia–Alpe Devero Natural Park had lower growth rates. There was no significant difference between the growth rates of strains from Alpe Veglia and those from Alpe Devero. The results suggest that the population consistency of L. officinalis in the Alpe Veglia–Alpe Devero Natural Park is related to two main factors: habitat preservation and harvesting prohibition. These results confirm the need to protect L. officinalis both inside and outside natural reserves, despite the apparent increase in local populations.

scholarly journals First Report of Seedling Blight Caused by Sclerotium rolfsii on Wheat in Oklahoma

Plant Disease ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 90 (5) ◽  
pp. 686-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Choppakatla ◽  
R. M. Hunger ◽  
H. A. Melouk
Keyword(s):  
Filter Paper ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
The United States ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
First Report ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pure Cultures

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is an important crop in Oklahoma and throughout the Central Plains of the United States. The soilborne fungus, Sclerotium rolfsii, is a major pathogen on peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) but is not known to cause major damage on wheat. During September of 1998, damping-off and rotting of young wheat seedlings were observed in breeder plots in Payne County, OK. The occurrence of symptoms was sporadic with an estimated stand reduction of 10 to 15%. Symptomatic plants were collected from the field and brought to the laboratory. Sclerotia-like bodies from the symptomatic plants were surface disinfested in aqueous 1% NaOCl for 2 min and allowed to germinate at 25 ± 2°C on sterile filter paper moistened with a 1% aqueous solution of methanol. Aerial mycelia from germinating sclerotia were transferred to potato dextrose agar amended with 100 ppm of streptomycin (SPDA) to obtain pure cultures. Pure cultures had coarse, white mycelium distinctive of S. rolfsii and produced very small (0.05 to 0.1 mm), abundant, round, brown sclerotia on the surface of the medium after 15 days of incubation. Pathogenicity was tested on three hard red winter wheat cultivars commonly grown in Oklahoma (Jagger, 2137, and 2174). Four plants of each cultivar were inoculated at the two-leaf stage (Feekes' scale stage 1) by placing a 0.5-cm agar disk removed from a 3-day-old culture onto a 1-cm diameter filter paper that was then pressed to the base of the shoot. Noninoculated plants were used as a control. After inoculation, pots were covered with polyethylene sheets to maintain 95 to 100% relative humidity and incubated at 25 ± 2°C in the greenhouse. Lesions were initially superficial, yellowish, and water soaked. Lesions expanded and resulted in damping-off of seedlings. Noninoculated plants were free of disease and remained healthy. No significant difference (P ≤ 0.05) in disease severity was observed among the cultivars. To fulfill Koch's postulates, the fungus was reisolated onto SPDA where it had the same characteristics as the initial culture. To our knowledge, this is the first report of S. rolfsii on wheat in Oklahoma. Even though S. rolfsii is not expected to pose a significant risk to wheat production, infection of wheat may enhance survival of S. rolfsii and facilitate infection and losses in a following peanut crop. This is especially important in certain areas of Oklahoma where a wheat-peanut rotation is occasionally practiced.

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