scholarly journals Determination of Antibacterial Activity of Psidium guajava Leaf Extract against Bacteria Isolated from Mobile Phones of Umaru Musa Yar’adua University, Katsina Community

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 219-226
Author(s):  
B. Abdulkadir ◽  
◽  
A. Ado ◽  
A. I. Alli
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacterial Contaminants ◽  
Suggested Keywords ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition ◽  
Aqueous Leaf Extract ◽  
The University

Mobile phones are increasingly becoming one of the indispensable accessories of professional and social daily life, although constant handling and usage in various environmental conditions makes it fomite. Thus, antibacterial activity of Psidium guajava leaf extract was evaluated against bacteria isolated from mobile phones within Umar Musa Yar’adua University, Katsina community. A total of sixty (60) mobile phones were randomly swabbed, twenty (20) each, from hawkers, students, and staff of the University community. These were used as candidates for isolation of bacterial contaminants using standard protocols. Variable concentrations (500mg/ml, 300mg/ml and 100mg/ml) of aqueous extract of the Psidium guajava were prepared and tested against mobile phones bacterial isolates using agar well diffusion method. Preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, saponins, tannins and terpenoids. Staphylococcus aureus (39.6%), Escherichia coli (29.7%), Klebsiella sp. (18.8%), Proteus sp. (8.3%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (4.2%) were the bacterial contaminants isolated and identified from the mobile phones. Aqueous leaf extract of the plant displayed promising antibacterial activity at 500mg/ml against all the isolates, with average zones of inhibition of 25.0 mm for S. aureus, Proteus sp., P. aeroginosa and 24mm, 6.0mm for E. coli and Klebsiella sp. respectively. The use of Psidium guajava leaf extract as candidate for production of antibacterial agent which can be used to disinfect mobile handsets is suggested. Keywords: Mobile phones, contaminants, Antibacterial activity, Psidium guajava, antibacterial hand wash

scholarly journals Biological activities and phytochemical screening of Elaeodendron croceum (Thunb.) DC. Leaves and Stem barks Extracts

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Wale Odeyemi ◽  
Anthony Jide Afolayan
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Protein Denaturation ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Free Radical Scavenging ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Aqueous Leaf Extract ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

<p><strong>Background:</strong> From reports <em>Elaeodendron croceum</em> has been used traditionally for spiritual cleansing, anti-obesity, anti-inflammatory and for the management of diabetes. The leaves and bark extracts were therefore analyzed for its biological activities.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods:</strong> The antibacterial activities of <em>E. croceum</em> leaves and stem barks were evaluated against both Gram positive and gram negative bacteria using agar well diffusion method. The analysis for the phytochemical contents, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of the leaves and barks were determined using standard procedures.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> The <em>S. aureus</em>, <em>S. flexneri</em>, <em>E. faecalis</em> and <em>S. typhimurium</em> were susceptible to the aqueous leaves and stem barks extracts of <em>Elaeodendron croceum</em> while <em>S. aureus </em>was susceptible to only the aqueous leaf extract. The antibacterial activity showed MIC ranging from 0.625 – 2.5 mg/ml. The composition of flavonoids (52.72 mg/g), proanthocyanidins (32.66 mg/g), alkaloids (65.44 mg/g) and saponins (68.21 mg/g) were significantly higher in the aqueous leaf extract while phenols (94.13 mg/g) content was higher in the aqueous bark extract. The free radical scavenging activity using ABTS, FRAP and DPPH showed that the extracts possess good free radical scavenging activities with different free radical species that is comparable with ascorbic acid and also showed significant inhibitory activity on protein denaturation as an indication of anti-inflammatory potential.</p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> These findings support the folkloric usage of <em>Elaeodendron croceum</em> and indicates that it can be used to manage diseases caused by the tested organisms. The presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, total phenols and proanthocyanidins, previously suggested to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activity indicate that <em>E. croceum</em> is a potential source of anti-inflammatory, free radical scavenging and antimicrobial agents.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Using Leaf Extract of Lippia adoensis (Koseret) and Evaluation of Its Antibacterial Activity

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meron Girma Demissie ◽  
Fedlu Kedir Sabir ◽  
Gemechu Deressa Edossa ◽  
Bedasa Abdisa Gonfa
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Zno Nanoparticles ◽  
Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Lippia Adoensis

The synthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles with the use of medicinal plant extract is a promising alternative to the conventional chemical method. This work aimed to synthesize zinc oxide nanoparticles using a green approach from indigenous “Koseret” Lippia adoensis leaf extract which is an endemic medicinal plant and cultivated in home gardens of different regions of Ethiopia. The biosynthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles were characterized using thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Furthermore, this study also evaluated the antibacterial activity of the synthesized ZnO nanoparticles against clinical and standard strains of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterococcus faecalis by the disc diffusion method. According to the result of this study, ZnO nanoparticles synthesized using Lippia adoensis leaf extract showed promising result against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains with a maximum inhibition zone of 14 mm and 12 mm, respectively, using uncalcinated form of the synthesized ZnO nanoparticles.

scholarly journals ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF SOAP MADE FROM ESSENTIAL OILS AND COMMERCIAL SOAP SOLD IN THE LEBANESE MARKET

2021 ◽  
pp. e304
Author(s):  
Candy GERGES ◽  
Mohamad HADLA ◽  
Michele ELIALI ◽  
Martine RICHA ◽  
Nour Mammari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Effective Measure ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Commercial Soap ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition

Background: Thousands of people are dying as a result of infections caused by bacteria. Among the main routes of germ transmission are the hands, making hand hygiene very important in preventing the spread of pathogens and bacterial infection. Hand washing with soap and water is considered to be a simple and effective measure. Old soap manufacturers have long had traditional uses in the Lebanese community. Methods: The purpose of this study is to compare the antibacterial activity of oil-based soaps with commercial soap sold in the Lebanese market. Different types of herbal soap and antiseptics have been used in this study. Four bacterial strains were used: Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Enterobacter Spp. The antibacterial activities of these soaps were determined by the diffusion method of disks in agar medium. Results and Discussion: Statistical analysis of zones of inhibition showed that S. epidermidis, P. aeruginosa and Enterobacter Spp. were sensitive only to traditional oil-based soaps, which are Sage, Rose Mary and Cedar. In addition, S. aureus showed sensitivity to soaps comprised of essential oils as well as antibacterial synthetic soap, Dettol and Lifebuoy. On the other hand, E. coli showed resistance to all soaps. Soaps comprised of natural essential oils have shown antibacterial activity superior to so-called “Antibacterial” soaps. Conclusion: Based on this study, we can say that the use of soaps with essential oils might be the best option due to their organic origin as well as their antibacterial proved activities.

scholarly journals ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY TEST OF LEAVES KECOMBRANG (NICOLAIA SPECIOSA) ETHANOLIC EXTRACTS AGAINST STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-58
Author(s):  
Rinda Binugraheni ◽  
Ndaru Trisni Larasati
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Skin Infections ◽  
Activity Test ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
Made In ◽  
Data Result

Infectious diseases that often occur in humans are skin infections. One of the bacteria that cause infection in humans is Staphylococcus aureus. One of the plants used as an ingredient in traditional medicine and used as an anti-bacterial is a kecombrang plant. This research aims to test the antibacterial activity of leaf extract of kecombrang against Staphylococcus aureus. Kecombrang leaf obtained from Pandeglang Banten. Kecombrang leaves extracted with a maceration method using 96% ethanol solvent. Extracts of leaves are made in a various concentrations (100%, 75%, 50%, and 25%). The antibacterial activity test was performed by using the diffusion method to find out the large zone of diameter are formed to inhibiting Staphylococcus aureus bacteria.The results of the antibacterial activity of the leaves extract of kecombrang to Staphylococcus aureus at 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% concentrations respectively were 12.67 mm, 14.33 mm, 15.33 mm, and 17.00 mm. The data result showed, that leaf extract of kecombrang with 100% concentration had the largest inhibiting zone diameter of 17.00 mm, among other concentrations. This suggests that kecombrang leaf extract have antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus.

scholarly journals PHYTOCHEMICAL, GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY WITH MASS SPECTROMETRY ANALYSIS OF ANDROGRAPHIS SERPYLLIFOLIA METHANOL LEAF EXTRACT AND ITS ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITIES

2019 ◽  
pp. 343-347
Author(s):  
MADHANKUMAR R ◽  
MURUGESAN S
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Agar Disc ◽  
Soxhlet Apparatus

Objective: The present study is to evaluate the preliminary study of phytochemical screening and biological applications of Andrographis serpyllifolia methanol leaf extracts. Methods: The methanol leaf extracts of A. serpyllifolia was prepared using Soxhlet apparatus and the extract was analyzed using gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In vitro antioxidant activity was determined by superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione S-transferase. Further, the antibacterial activity of methanolic leaf extract of A. serpyllifolia was tested against various human pathogens by using agar disc diffusion method. Results: Preliminary phytochemical screening and GC-MS results revealed phenols, aromatic carboxylic acids, and esters in the chloroform extract to be the molecules responsible for the antioxidant and antibacterial activity of A. serpyllifolia methanol extract and fractions showed the presence of various secondary metabolites present. Conclusion: The present study strongly recommended that the methanolic extract of A. serpyllifolia leaves possesses compounds that inhibit the growth of microbes as wells excellent antioxidant activities. The study further suggested the potential therapeutic use of these extract in cancer study.

scholarly journals Anti Acne Vulgaris Topical Cream From Combination Extract of Gymnanthemum Amygdalinum Del. and Elaeis Guineensis Jacq. Leaves

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-50
Author(s):  
Wahyudi ◽  
Ayu Syahfitri ◽  
Syukur Berkat Waruwu ◽  
Dian Ika Perbina
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Acne Vulgaris ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Propionibacterium Acne ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Adolescents And Adults

Acne is one problem in adolescents and adults who can reduce self-confidence. This study aimed to formulate the combination cream of African leaf extract and palm oil leaves to determine the antibacterial activity of African leaf extract against several acne-causing bacteria (Propionibacterium acne and Staphylococcus epidermidis). Test antibacterial activity of extracts and cream with disc diffusion method. The cream is made with concentration of 5, 10 and 20% w/w. The evaluation results of cream with concentration of 5, 10 and 20% were physically stable for 4 weeks of storage at temperature room, homogeneous, pH and it did not cause irritation. Based on the test results, a combination of African leaf extract with concentration of 5% effectively inhibited bacterial growth with an average inhibition zone diameter of 12.06 mm for Propionibacterium acne bacteria and 13.63 mm for Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria. The result of this study suggest that combination of African leaf extract and palm leaves posses potent anti-bacterial activity against Propionibacterium acne and Staphylococcus epidermidis.

scholarly journals The Antibacterial Activity of Aqueous and Ethanolic Leaf Extracts of Balanites aegyptiaca (l.) Del Plant on Some Selected Clinical Human Pathogens

2020 ◽  
pp. 51-66
Author(s):  
G. C. Ezemokwe ◽  
J. C. Aguiyi ◽  
F. P. Chollom
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Activity Index ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Balanites Aegyptiaca ◽  
Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition

The antibacterial activity of the leaf extract of Balanites aegyptiaca plant was investigated on five selected clinical common human pathogens: Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumonia, Salmonella typhimurium, Shigella dysentriae and Escherichia coli, in vitro. The phytochemical screening, susceptibility testing and Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations were determined. Preliminary phytochemical screening of the leaf extracts indicated the presence of alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, glycosides, resins, saponins, steroids, tannins, and carbohydrates in varying concentrations. Ethanolic leaf extract was more effective. The extracts inhibited the growth of isolates with increasing concentrations, ranging from 8-12 mm zones of inhibitions, showing the susceptibility of the test organisms. S. dysentriae had the highest susceptibility for both extracts with 12 mm and 13 mm zones of inhibition for aqueous and ethanolic extracts respectively at the highest concentration of 400 mg/ml. S. aureus showed the least susceptibility with 8 mm for aqueous extract while S. typhimurium showed the least susceptibility for the ethanolic extract with 9mm zones of inhibition. The analysis of variance results on zones of inhibition revealed a significant difference for both extract treatments, concentrations, and interactions between the treatments and concentrations. The Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations determined from the corresponding concentration-response curves showed that S. dysentriae had the least value of 79.433 mg/ml while the aqueous extracts against S. aureus and S. typhimurium were the largest with 125.893 mg/ml value. The activity index and activity were also deduced to measure activity. The antimicrobial activity of leaf extracts of B. aegyptiaca on bacteria of the tested isolates have been established in this study and justify the claims by the traditional healers in its use to treat infectious diseases.

scholarly journals Antituberculosis, antimicrobic and antioxidant properties of Persica vulgaris L. extracts

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. e00125
Author(s):  
I. Mamatova ◽  
I. Askarov ◽  
M. Mamarakhmonov
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Flower Extract

Peach is a medicinal plant which has many traditional applications uses against various diseases. In this study we have evaluated differences in tannins and flavonoids in the composition of flowers and peach leaves and their antioxidant properties. Antibacterial activity of the peach flower and leaf extract was investigated using Mycobacterium tuberculosis and E. coli by the disk diffusion method. Total fractions of flavonoids and tannins were obtained using ethanol and aqueous extraction, respectively. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using the adrenaline autooxidation test. The results have shown that the peach flower extract contains many flavonoids, tannins that probably account for better antimicrobial effects as compared with the peach leaf extract. This shows perspectives for the use of peach flowers for the treatment of many diseases, especially for tuberculosis, and other diseases associated with overproduction of free radicals.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE ANTIBACTERIAL EFFICACY OF METHANOL AND AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF M. PANICULATA AGAINST X. CITRI AND X. CAMPESTRIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ankita Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Antibacterial Efficacy ◽  
Inhibition Activity ◽  
Murraya Paniculata ◽  
Growth Inhibition Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Potential ◽  
Agar Well Diffusion Method

In this study, Murraya paniculata was analysed for its antibacterial activity by using different solvents like methanol and aqueous against two plant pathogens i.e. X. citri and X. campestris and observed the growth inhibition activity ranging from 20 µl - 100 µl. The antibacterial potential of M. paniculata (leaf and stem) by using two different solvents was studied by agar well diffusion method and we observed that at 100 µl it’s showed significant result against both the tested bacteria. Highest antibacterial activity was observed by the methanolic leaf extract of M. paniculata against X. citri i.e.13.22±0.05 mm at 100 µl of concentration.

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