scholarly journals The Kemahiran Proses Sains Tahap Empat: Satu instrumen untuk Pelajar Tingkatan Empat Sekolah Menengah

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 134-145
Author(s):  
Nyet Moi Siew ◽  
Wan Luen Chai ◽  
Bih Nih Lee

Kajian ini bertujuan menentukan kesahan dan kebolehpercayaan instrumen Ujian Kemahiran Proses Sains Tahap Empat (UKPST4) menggunakan Model Pengukuran Rasch. UKPST4 dibangunkan untuk mengukur penguasaan Kemahiran Proses Sains (KPS) Tahap Empat pelajar Tingkatan Empat di sekolah menengah. UKPS4 terdiri daripada 26 item jenis struktur yang mengandungi lima pecahan konstruk KPS iaitu: mengenal pasti pemboleh ubah dimanipulasikan, pemboleh ubah bergerak balas, dan pemboleh ubah dimalarkan, membina hipotesis, membuat pemerhatian, membuat inferens, dan mendefinisikan secara operasi. Sampel kajian terdiri daripada 60 orang pelajar Tingkatan Empat dari sebuah sekolah bandar di daerah Lawas, Sarawak. Hasil analisis kesahan mendapati polariti item melalui nilai PTMEA-Corr menunjukkan bahawa kesemua 26 item berada >0.00 (+). Melalui analisis kesesuaian item, semua item dikekalkan kerana memenuhi syarat dalam salah satu julat outfit MNSQ, Outfit ZSTD dan PTMEA-Corr. Dalam analisis komponen utama (PCA), nilai Raw Variance Explained by Measures 40.6% dan nilai Unexplained variance dalam kontras pertama hingga kelima di bawah 15% menunjukkan bahawa instrumen mempunyai keekadimensian yang kuat dan mempunyai kesahan konstruk yang tinggi. Kebolehpercayaan Cronbach Alpha (KR-20) menunjukkan nilai 0.77 (baik), kebolehpercayaan item 0.76 (baik) dan responden 0.73 (mencukupi) dengan nilai pengasingan item 4.78 (baik) dan responden 1.66 (boleh diterima). Kesimpulannya, UKPST4 mempunyai kesahan dan kebolehpercayaan yang baik dalam mengukur penguasaan KPS Tahap Empat pelajar Tingkatan Empat di sekolah menengah.

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 135-150
Author(s):  
Jamilah Ahmad ◽  
Siew Nyet Moi @ Sopiah Abdullah

Instrumen Ujian Pemikiran Sains Keusahawanan (UPSK) telah dibina bertujuan mengukur pemikiran sains keusahawanan dalam Pendidikan STEM sekolah rendah. Kajian ini bertujuan mennentukan kualiti instrumen UPSK melalui kesahan dan kebolehpercayaan instrumen UPSK melalui Model Pengukuran Rasch. UPSK adalah rangkuman soalan terbuka yang terdiri daripada sepuluh item dengan lima pecahan konstruk iaitu: pemerhatian, idea baharu, inovasi, kreativiti dan nilai. Sampel terdiri daripada 166 orang pelajar yang berusia 10 hingga 11 tahun dari sekolah-sekolah bandar di daerah Tawau, Sabah. Hasil analisis kesahan mendapati polariti item melalui nilai PTMEA-Corr menunjukkan bahawa kesemua 10 item berada >0.00 (+). Melalui analisis kesesuaian item, semua item masih dikekalkan kerana memenuhi syarat dalam salah satu julat outfit MNSQ, Outfit ZSTD dan PTMEA-Corr. Dalam analisis komponen utama (PCA), nilai Raw Variance Explained by Measures 66.8% (cemerlang) dan nilai Unexplained variance dalam kontras pertama di bawah 15% menunjukkan bahawa instrumen mempunyai keekadimensian yang kuat dan mempunyai kesahan konstruk yang tinggi. Kebolehpercayaan Cronbach Alpha (KR-20) menunjukkan nilai 0.91 (sangat tinggi), kebolehpercayaan item 0.98 (cemerlang) dan responden 0.89 (baik) dengan nilai pengasingan item 7.97 dan responden 2.83. Kesimpulannya, UPSK mempunyai kesahan yang baik dan kebolehpercayaan yang tinggi dalam mengukur pemikiran sains keusahawanan dalam kalangan pelajar tahun lima di sekolah rendah di Sabah.


2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 278
Author(s):  
Hülya Bilgin ◽  
Ozana Ural

<p>Development of pre-school teachers' guidance proficiency level is is thought as a good substitute for guidance counsellors in pre-schools, since their numbers are not enough to keep up with the demand. This is not just an alternative, because even if there were enough teachers, the ideal approach is to have active cooperation between pre-school teachers and guidance counsellors.</p><p>Since pre-school education period covers some of the most critical years in children’s development where their personality characteristics are shaped, skills and habits are set, there will always be need for pre-school teachers with high guidance proficiency.</p><p>This study aims to develop a scale to determine pre-school teacher candidates’ guidance proficiency level. For the construct validity of our scale a factor analysis test was done. For reliability of our scale Rulon and Cronbach Alpha tests, test-retest and item analysis were done. The research was conducted with random sampling on 784 senior students in pre-school teaching departments at 14 universities in Turkey.</p><p>According to the results of the factor analysis of the 72 items included in the scale we found four factors which explain 61.057% of total variance (Total Variance Explained 48.3%). When factor loads are examined it is seen that there are items which are between .461 and .722. For factor 1: “Educational Development”, rulon value is 0.962 and Cronbach Alpha value is 0.962. For factor 2: “Self-Acceptance, Family and Social Relations” rulon value is 0.969 and Cronbach Alpha value is 0.973. For factor 3: “Follow-up and assesment” rulon value is 0.959 and Cronbach Alpha value is 0.957. For factor 4: “Adaptation to School and Environment” rulon value is 0.874 and Cronbach Alpha value is 0.893. Test-retest reliability coefficients for factor 1: 0.766, for factor 2: 0.780, for factor 3: 0.818, for factor 4: 0.509 and for total: 0.823. In order to question differences between quartiles a <em>t</em>-test was conducted. According to these results, we found that there are statistically significant difference(p&lt;.01) between the upper and lower quartiles. According to the psychometric results pre-school teacher candidates’ guidance proficiency scale which covers 4 factors is found out to be valid and reliable.</p><p><strong>Özet:</strong></p><p>Okul öncesi eğitim dönemi rastlantılara bırakılamayacak kadar önemlidir. Çocuğun bu dönemde tüm gelişimi şekillenirken, hayatı boyunca ona alt yapıyı oluşturacak bilgi, beceri ve alışkanlıklarının da temelleri atılmakta<strong>,</strong> kişilik özellikleri şekillenmektedir. Bundan dolayı, çocuk ve aileyi bu dönemde destekleyici rehberlik çalışmalarına büyük ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Ancak okul öncesi eğitim kurumlarında görev yapan rehber öğretmen sayısı henüz yeterli değildir. Bu gereksinimi karşılamak üzere alternatif bir çözüm olarak okul öncesi eğitimde görev yapan öğretmenlerin rehberlik yeterliliklerinin geliştirilmesi ele alınmalıdır. Bu sadece alternatif bir çözüm yolu değildir<strong>,</strong> çünkü yeterli sayıda rehber öğretmen olsa bile ideal olanı okul öncesi öğretmeni ile rehber öğretmenin işbirliği içinde çalışmasıdır. Okul öncesi dönemde rehberlik hizmetlerine bu yaklaşımla bakıldığında öğretmen ve öğretmen adaylarının rehberlik yeterliliklerinin bilinmesi gerekmektedir. Bunun için de okul öncesi öğretmen adaylarının rehberlik yeterliliklerinin düzeyini anlamak için geliştirilmiş ölçme araçlarına gereksinim vardır.</p><p>Bu çalışma okul öncesi öğretmen adaylarının rehberlik yeterlilik düzeylerini belirleme amacıyla bir ölçek geliştirme çalışmasıdır. Çalışmada “Okul Öncesi Öğretmen Adayları Rehberlik Yeterlilikleri Ölçeği”nin, yapı geçerliliği sınaması için faktör analizi, güvenirlik çalışmaları için ise Rulon ve Cronbach Alfa iç tutarlık katsayıları ve test-tekrar test ve madde analizleri yapılmıştır. Araştırma Türkiye’deki 14 üniversitenin okul öncesi öğretmenliği anabilim dalında öğrenim görmekte olan ve 4. sınıfa devam eden okul öncesi öğretmen adaylarından rasgele örnekleme yöntemi ile seçilen 784 öğrenci ile yürütülmüştür.</p><p>Sonuç olarak; faktör analizi sonucunda toplam varyansın % 61.057’sini açıklayan (Total Variance Explained   % 48,3) ve dört faktör altında toplanan 72 madde elde edilmiştir. Ölçeğin faktör yükleri incelendiğinde; .461 ile .722 arasında yük değerlerine sahip maddeler oldukları görülmüştür. Okul Öncesi Öğretmen Adaylarına Yönelik Rehberlik Yeterlilikleri Ölçeği’nin Cronbach Alfa iç tutarlılık katsayıları<em> </em>ölçeğin Faktör 1 “Eğitsel Gelişim” için rulon değeri 0,962 ve Cronbach Alpha değeri 0,962, Faktör 2 “Kendini Kabul, Aile ve Sosyal İlişkiler” için rulon değeri 0,969 ve Cronbach Alpha değeri 0,973,Faktör, 3 “Takip-Değerlendirme-Destek” için rulon değeri 0,959 ve Cronbach Alpha değeri 0,957, Faktör 4 “Okula ve Çevreye Uyum” için rulon değeri 0,874 ve Cronbach Alpha değeri 0,893 olarak bulunmuştur. Test-tekrar test güvenirlik katsayıları Faktör 1 için 0,766, Faktör 2 için 0,780, Faktör 3 için 0,818,  Faktör 4 için 0,509 ve Toplam için 0,823 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Maddelerin faktör toplamına göre oluşturulan çeyreklikler arasındaki farkını sorgulamak için hesaplanan t sonuçlarına göre tüm maddeler için gruplar arasında anlamlı farklılık (p&lt;.01) olduğu bulunmuştur.  Yapılan istatistiksel işlemler sonrasında 4 altboyuttan oluşan “Okul Öncesi Öğretmen Adayları Rehberlik Yeterlilikleri Ölçeği”nin geçerli ve güvenilir olduğu belirlenmiştir.<strong><br /></strong></p>


1986 ◽  
Vol 56 (03) ◽  
pp. 371-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peretz Weiss ◽  
Hillel Halkin ◽  
Shlomo Almog

SummaryWithin-individual variation over time in the clearance (Cl) and effect (PT%) of warfarin, was measured in 25 inpatients (group I) studied after standard single or individualized split loading doses and 1-3 times (n = 16) 8-16 weeks later during maintenance. Mean Cl (2.5 α 0.9 ml/min) was similar in both phases but significant changes occurred in 6/16 patients, exceeding those expected from within-individual variation alone (defined by its 95% tolerance limits -24% to +62%). Initial PT% (21 α 5) was unaffected by dosing schedule, total or free plasma warfarin, varying between patients by only 18-24%. Mean initial and maintenance dose-PT% ratios (8.2 mg/d: 21% and 4.1 mg/d: 40%) were similar but significant changes in sensitivity to warfarin occurred in 4/16 patients. In group I and 64 other outpatients on maintenance therapy, between-individual variability was 36-52% for Cl and 49-56% for effect. PT% correlated best (r = 0.56) with free and total plasma warfarin but poorly with dose (r = 0.29), with only 30% of PT% variance explained at best, due to high between patient variability.Warfarin dose prediction whether based on extrapolation from initial effects to the maintenance phase, or on iterative methods not allowing for between- or within-patient variation in warfarin clearance or effect which may occur independently over time, have not improved on empirical therapy. This, due to the elements of biological variability as well as the intricacy of the warfarin - prothrombin complex interaction not captured by any kinetic-dynamic model used for prediction to date.


2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suryadi Suryadi

Pemahaman akan perilaku nasabah mutlak diperlukan apalagi saat sekarang ini,perkembangan dari dunia tentang Lembaga Keuangan Syari’ah lainnya yangbegitu banyak dan tumbuh pesat, sehingga membuat intensitas persaingan yangsemakin tinggi, dan ini menjadi hal yang penting bagi pihak pemasar di BMTBaskara Asri Sejati Cabang Sekampung apabila ingin tetap diterima olehnasabahnya dan untuk bisa mendapatkan nasabah baru. Penelitian ini bertujuan : 1) untuk mengetahui pengaruh faktor sosial terhadapminat nasabah dalam menabung di BMT Baskara Asri Sejati CabangSekampung. 2) untuk mengetahui pengaruh faktor pribadi terhadap minatnasabah dalam menabung di BMT Baskara Asri Sejati Cabang Sekampung. 3)untuk mengetahui pengaruh faktor psikologis terhadap minat nasabah dalammenabung di BMT Baskara Asri Sejati Cabang Sekampung. Metode penelitian dalam penelitian menggunakan penelitian kuantitatif. Sampel objekpenelitian yang digunakan sebanyak 100 responden nasabah tabungan BMTBaskara Asri Sejati Cabang Sekampung. Pengambilan data berupa observasidan kuesioner. Sedangkan untuk pengolahan data dianalisis menggunakan ujivaliditas, reliabilitas, uji normalitas, linieritas, homogenitas, dan analisis regresilinier berganda menggunakan rumus Cronbach Alpha dengan menggunakanSPSS version 21 for windows dan menggunakan Microsoft Excel 2007.Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah pengajuan hipotesis.  Hasil penelitian bahwa variabel sosial memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap minatmenabung. Variabel pribadi tidak memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap minatmenabung. Variabel psikologis tidak memiliki pengaruh secara signifikanterhadap minat menabung.Kata Kunci : Faktor Sosial, Pribadi, Psikologis, dan Minat Menabung


2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 9-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aqeel Ahmed ◽  
Muhammad Sehail Younis

This preliminary study attempts to link among the critical success factors on overall project success in public sector organizations in Pakistan.  In this study it’s reflected that major critical success factors (soundness of Business & workforce, planning & control, quality performance and past performance) can enhance the success of the project in Pakistan.  The purpose of this preliminary study was to verify the reliability of the survey instrument which has been used in European countries. It was found that the planning & control was the highest Cronbach Alpha value, while the ranged for each constructs in the present study from 0.68 to 0.88.  Therefore, based on the Cronbach alpha value score, the proposed survey instrument has fulfilled the basic requirement of a valid instrument.


Genetics ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 156 (2) ◽  
pp. 855-865 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen-Hung Kao

AbstractThe differences between maximum-likelihood (ML) and regression (REG) interval mapping in the analysis of quantitative trait loci (QTL) are investigated analytically and numerically by simulation. The analytical investigation is based on the comparison of the solution sets of the ML and REG methods in the estimation of QTL parameters. Their differences are found to relate to the similarity between the conditional posterior and conditional probabilities of QTL genotypes and depend on several factors, such as the proportion of variance explained by QTL, relative QTL position in an interval, interval size, difference between the sizes of QTL, epistasis, and linkage between QTL. The differences in mean squared error (MSE) of the estimates, likelihood-ratio test (LRT) statistics in testing parameters, and power of QTL detection between the two methods become larger as (1) the proportion of variance explained by QTL becomes higher, (2) the QTL locations are positioned toward the middle of intervals, (3) the QTL are located in wider marker intervals, (4) epistasis between QTL is stronger, (5) the difference between QTL effects becomes larger, and (6) the positions of QTL get closer in QTL mapping. The REG method is biased in the estimation of the proportion of variance explained by QTL, and it may have a serious problem in detecting closely linked QTL when compared to the ML method. In general, the differences between the two methods may be minor, but can be significant when QTL interact or are closely linked. The ML method tends to be more powerful and to give estimates with smaller MSEs and larger LRT statistics. This implies that ML interval mapping can be more accurate, precise, and powerful than REG interval mapping. The REG method is faster in computation, especially when the number of QTL considered in the model is large. Recognizing the factors affecting the differences between REG and ML interval mapping can help an efficient strategy, using both methods in QTL mapping to be outlined.


Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 437
Author(s):  
Shervin Assari ◽  
Shanika Boyce ◽  
Mohsen Bazargan

Intersectional research on childhood suicidality requires studies with a reliable and valid measure of suicidality, as well as a large sample size that shows some variability of suicidality across sex by race intersectional groups. Objectives: We aimed to investigate the feasibility of intersectionality research on childhood suicidality in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. We specifically explored the reliability and validity of the measure, sample size, and variability of suicidality across sex by race intersectional groups. Methods: We used cross-sectional data (wave 1) from the ABCD study, which sampled 9013 non-Hispanic white (NHW) or non-Hispanic black (NHB) children between the ages of 9 and 10 between years 2016 and 2018. Four intersectional groups were built based on race and sex: NHW males (n = 3554), NHW females (n = 3158), NHB males (n = 1164), and NHB females (n = 1137). Outcome measure was the count of suicidality symptoms, reflecting all positive history and symptoms of suicidal ideas, plans, and attempts. To validate our measure, we tested the correlation between our suicidality measure and depression and Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) sub-scores. Cronbach alpha was calculated for reliability across each intersectional group. We also compared groups for suicidality. Results: We observed some suicidality history in observed 3.2% (n = 101) of NHW females, 4.9% (n = 175) of NHW males, 5.4% (n = 61) of NHB females, and 5.8% (n = 68) of NHB males. Our measure’s reliability was acceptable in all race by sex groups (Cronbach alpha higher than .70+ in all intersectional groups). Our measure was valid in all intersectional groups, documented by a positive correlation with depression and CBCL sub-scores. We could successfully model suicidality across sex by race groups, using multivariable models. Conclusion: Given the high sample size, reliability, and validity of the suicidality measure, variability of suicidality, it is feasible to investigate correlates of suicidality across race by sex intersections in the ABCD study. We also found evidence of higher suicidality in NHB than NHW children in the ABCD study. The ABCD rich data in domains of social context, self-report, schools, parenting, psychopathology, personality, and brain imaging provides a unique opportunity to study intersectional differences in neural circuits associated with youth suicidality.


Religions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 242
Author(s):  
Rena Latifa ◽  
Salsabila Salsabila ◽  
Heri Yulianto

The complete understanding of marital stability is hindered by limitations of theory and method, especially investigation on female journalists. The purpose of the current study was to test the effect of religiosity and marital commitment on the marital stability, by assessing Indonesian female journalists. This research used a quantitative approach with multiple regression analysis methods. The sample of this study involved 200 married female journalists residing in Jakarta and were taken using non-probability sampling techniques, specifically purposive sampling. The measurements used in this study were adaptations of the (1) Marital Stability Scale; (2) Centrality of Religiosity Scale (CRS-15); and (3) Inventory of Marital Commitments. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to test the validity of each scale. The results of the F-test showed a p-value = 0.000 (significant), and a total variance explained (R2 value) of 0.224. This finding indicated that religiosity and marital commitment have a significant effect on marital stability (sig < 0.05). The direction of the coefficient regression of the religiosity variable and marital commitment is positive, indicating that the higher the religiosity and marital commitment, the higher the marital stability.


Author(s):  
Vojtech Pisl ◽  
Jan Volavka ◽  
Edita Chvojkova ◽  
Katerina Cechova ◽  
Gabriela Kavalirova ◽  
...  

Understanding the predictors of belief in COVID-related conspiracy theories and willingness to get vaccinated against COVID-19 may aid the resolution of current and future pandemics. We investigate how psychological and cognitive characteristics influence general conspiracy mentality and COVID-related conspiracy theories. A cross-sectional study was conducted based on data from an online survey of a sample of Czech university students (n = 866) collected in January 2021, using multivariate linear regression and mediation analysis. Sixteen percent of respondents believed that COVID-19 is a hoax, and 17% believed that COVID-19 was intentionally created by humans. Seven percent of the variance of the hoax theory and 10% of the variance of the creation theory was explained by (in descending order of relevance) low cognitive reflection, low digital health literacy, high experience with dissociation and, to some extent, high bullshit receptivity. Belief in COVID-related conspiracy theories depended less on psychological and cognitive variables compared to conspiracy mentality (16% of the variance explained). The effect of digital health literacy on belief in COVID-related theories was moderated by cognitive reflection. Belief in conspiracy theories related to COVID-19 was influenced by experience with dissociation, cognitive reflection, digital health literacy and bullshit receptivity.


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