scholarly journals Malaysia and Its Transition Process Towards More Gender Equality at the Labor Market

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 7-22
Author(s):  
Nina Weimann-Sandig
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Market Access ◽  
Transition Process ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Market Opportunities ◽  
Market Focus ◽  
Labor Market Access ◽  
Hr Managers

The promotion of labor market opportunities for females in Malaysia has been part of several quantitative studies. Although the empirical data stresses the existence of gender-related constraints females are facing when trying to access labor market, the reasons remain mainly unexplored. Thus, this qualitative study tried to identify major constraints and challenges females are facing when entering the Malaysian labor market. Focus group discussions with different groups of females aged 16 to 50 have been conducted, as well as with employers and HR Managers of global players. The study identifies local disparities between rural and urban living as major consequences for female labor market access and the achievable employment situation. The analysis of the focus groups also highlights that two groups of women – females living in Projek Perumahan Rakyat (PPR) or “People ́s Housing Project” areas and Single Mothers – are strongly affected from often being no constant part of labor market but trapped in side-jobs or non-satisfying microbusinesses. The solidification of social inequality by an absence of support structures and empowerment programs can be seen as the most important reason. Policy recommendations, based on the empirical results, are therefore discussed in order to stimulate a discussion on gender equality.

scholarly journals Are asylum seekers more likely to work with more inclusive labor market access regulations?

2019 ◽  
Vol 155 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michaela Slotwinski ◽  
Alois Stutzer ◽  
Roman Uhlig
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
Market Access ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Early Integration ◽  
Labor Market Policies ◽  
The Face ◽  
Labor Market Access ◽  
The One

Abstract In the face of recent refugee migration, early integration of asylum seekers into the labor market has been proposed as an important mechanism for easing their economic and social lot in the short as well as in the long term. However, little is known about the policies that foster or hamper their participation in the labor market, in particular during the important initial period of their stay in the host country. In order to evaluate whether inclusive labor market policies increase the labor market participation of asylum seekers, we exploit the variation in asylum policies in Swiss cantons to which asylum seekers are as good as randomly allocated. During our study period from 2011 to 2014, the employment rate among asylum seekers varied between 0 and 30.2% across cantons. Our results indicate that labor market access regulations are responsible for a substantial proportion of these differences, in which an inclusive regime increases participation by 11 percentage points. The marginal effects are larger for asylum seekers who speak a language that is linguistically close to the one in their host canton. Summary Inclusive labor market access regulations substantially increase the employment chances of asylum seekers, in particular if the language distance is short.

scholarly journals Double Jeopardy: How Refugees Fare in One European Labor Market

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dries Lens ◽  
Ive Marx ◽  
Sunčica Vujić
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Market Integration ◽  
Market Access ◽  
Labor Migrants ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Employment Rates ◽  
Labor Market Access ◽  
First Job ◽  
Work Histories ◽  
Longitudinal Dataset

AbstractThis paper examines the labor market trajectories of refugees who arrived in Belgium between 1999 and 2009. Belgium offers a relatively easy formal labor market access to refugees and other types of migrants but they face many other barriers in this strongly regulated and institutionalized labor market. Based on a longitudinal dataset that links respondents’ information from the Belgian Labor Force Survey with comprehensive social security data on their work histories, we estimate discrete-time hazard models to analyze refugees’ entry into and exit out of the first employment spell, contrasting their outcomes with family and labor migrants of the same arrival cohort. The analysis shows that refugees take significantly longer to enter their first employment spell as compared with other migrant groups. They also run a greater risk of exiting out of their first employment spell (back) into social assistance and into unemployment. The low employment rates of refugees are thus not only due to a slow integration process upon arrival, but also reflect a disproportional risk of exiting the labor market after a period in work. Our findings indicate that helping refugees into a first job is not sufficient to ensure labor market participation in the long run, because these jobs may be short-lived. Instead, our results provide clear arguments in favor of policies that support sustainable labor market integration.

scholarly journals A Geografia Universitária em época de Benchmarking

Finisterra ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (79) ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Barata Salgueiro
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Teaching Methods ◽  
Market Access ◽  
Bologna Process ◽  
University Studies ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Labor Market Access ◽  
The Bologna Process

The Bologna process has brought some new dimensions to the discussion around the structure and organization of university degrees. The aim of this paper is to contribute to this discussion by focusing on three particular aspects: the increase in the level of competition between the schools, the type of labor market access rendered possible by the first cycle of studies and, in close relationship with the latter aspect, the issue of the skills and competences that the students are supposed to have acquired upon ending their university studies. Finally, we address the issue of the teaching methods and their repercussions upon the structure of the courses.

“Still haven't found what I am looking for”: rural black students' perceived work readiness and assessment of labor market access

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tinashe Harry ◽  
Willie Tafadzwa Chinyamurindi
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Black Students ◽  
Education System ◽  
Black People ◽  
Market Access ◽  
Work Readiness ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Labor Market Access

PurposeSouth African Black graduates experience a transition challenge between the higher education context and the labor market system. The study focuses on rural Black students' perceived work readiness and assessment of labor market access in South Africa.Design/methodology/approachFocus groups and unstructured individual interviews were conducted with 30 final-year students enrolled at a historically Black university in South Africa.FindingsFour main narratives were found to affect rural Black students' perceptions of work readiness and their assessment of labor market access in South Africa. These include: (1) language of instruction within the higher education system, (2) challenges around access to career counseling and guidance services, (3) dealing with a curriculum system not relevant to the lived experiences of Black people and finally, (4) challenges inherent within higher education institution attended by Black students. A thread among these four appraisals appears to be the rural Black students' concern around the entire education system from basic to higher education.Originality/valueThe paper sheds light and presents an understanding of perceptions of an educational system and issues around work readiness and labor market access in South Africa.

Development of Smallholder Dairy Systems in the Kenya Highlands

2002 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.O. Bebe ◽  
H.M.J. Udo ◽  
W. Thorpe
Keyword(s):  
Market Access ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Population Pressure ◽  
Colonial History ◽  
Agricultural Policies ◽  
Smallholder Farming ◽  
Household Resources ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Market Opportunities ◽  
Milk Market

Kenya is recognized among developing countries for its success in integrating dairy into smallholder farming systems, particularly in the highland areas. The major determinants of this success were colonial history, its favourable agroecology and supportive agricultural policies, and the importance of milk in rural and urban diets. In response to agricultural policies, market opportunities and human population pressure on land, smallholders have changed their farming systems by introducing the Friesian and Ayrshire breeds, keeping smaller herds with fewer heifers but more cows, increasing stocking rates through stall-feeding, growing fodder, purchasing feeds and becoming more dependent on external inputs and services. As a result, they can sell more milk. This increasing intensification, here defined as the use of external inputs and services to increase the output quantity and/or value per unit input, has ensured that more people are maintained per unit of land through increased returns per ha of family land. Because the level of intensification varies with the agroecological potential for cropping and dairying and with the level of milk market access and household resources, recommendations for production practices supporting intensification will be site-specific. Identifying appropriate recommendations will require a thorough understanding of farmers' objectives for keeping cattle.

scholarly journals New Approaches to Urban Refugee Livelihoods

Refuge ◽  
2013 ◽  
pp. 17-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dale Buscher
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Market Access ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Urban Economic ◽  
New Approaches ◽  
Urban Refugees ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Labor Market Access

Increasingly refugees live in urban areas—usually in slums impacted by unemployment, poverty, overcrowding and inadequate infrastructure. Host governments often restrict refugees’ access to the labor market, access that can be further impeded by language barriers, arbitrary fees, and discrimination. UNHCR and its partners are seldom equipped to understand and navigate the complex urban economic environment in order to create opportunities for refugees in these settings. Based on assessments undertaken in 2010 and 2011 in Kampala, New Delhi and Johannesburg, research findings indicate that refugees in urban areas adopt a variety of economic coping strategies, many of which place them at risk, and that new approaches and different partnerships are needed for the design and implementationof economic programs. This paper presents findings from the assessments and lays out strategies to address the challenges confronting urban refugees’ ability to enter and compete in the labor market.

scholarly journals Intra-EU Mobility: The Employment and Welfare Experience of Temporary EU Workers in the United Kingdom

Two Homelands ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (54) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonila Danaj ◽  
Erka Çaro
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Market Access ◽  
Social Rights ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Labor Market Access ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Eu

This article explores the mobility pathways of temporary EU workers and the implications that transnational temporary mobility has on their labor market outcomes and access to social rights and benefits. The experiences of temporary EU migrants working in the UK show that despite the narrative of the borderlessness of the common European labor market, access to host countries’ labor market and welfare is shaped by their employment status and welfare eligibility criteria that produce worker precariousness. Temporary EU workers’ experiences are characterized by employment insecurity and unequal access to labor and social rights, effects which might increase since the UK has left the EU.

Determining Disability: A Labor Market Approach

1987 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-5
Author(s):  
Timothy F. Field ◽  
Roger O. Weed
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Market Access ◽  
Medical Profession ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Post Injury ◽  
State Regulations ◽  
Level Of Functioning ◽  
Market Approach ◽  
Labor Market Access

This paper discusses two main approaches to the assessment of disability. Traditionally, the rehabilitation profession has relied on the assignment of a percentage of impairment by a physician according to schedules from both the medical profession and state regulations. An alternate approach, referred to as Labor Market Access, identifies a method of determining a percentage of disability based upon a client's access to employment within a geographical area. This approach emphasizes the assessment of the client's level of functioning (both pre- and post-injury levels) as a basis for determining disability.

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