scholarly journals The African herbal plants research and development amid COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Force Tefo Thema
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Plant Extract ◽  
Natural Compounds ◽  
The Past ◽  
Biological Compatibility ◽  
Herbal Plants ◽  
Chemical Techniques ◽  
Time Frames ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Synthesis Of Nanomaterials

In the past eight years our research was primarily focused on green nano chemistry, biomimicry, nanomaterials and bio-conjugation/natural compounds. We were specifically using bottom to up approach techniques because it was untoxic. The fabrication and synthesis of nanomaterials via the green path (plant extract, bacteria, fungus) was an ideal strategy as much emphasis was on the biological compatibility and environment friendliness of the nanoparticles. Secondly, more attention was on time frames and financial considerations of other physical and chemical techniques that were expensive and toxic to employ.

Biosorption of Dye Molecules

2016 ◽  
pp. 51-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aisha Zaman ◽  
Papita Das ◽  
Priya Banerjee
Keyword(s):  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Water Contamination ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Dye Molecules ◽  
The Past ◽  
Chemical Techniques ◽  
Biological Methods ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
As Toxicity

Water contamination due to dyes has drawn increased attention. Dyes in water bodies are greatly perceptible and pose tremendous threat to ecosystem. Thus removal of such dye molecules is a matter of concern. In the past various physical and chemical techniques have been employed for the removal of colour from wastewater. However most of these methods have certain drawbacks. Biological treatment is often efficient and economical. Many microorganisms are able to accumulate and degrade different pollutants. Yet even the biological methods have some shortcomings such as toxicity of biodegradation products and more.

Microrobotics and Microorganisms: Biohybrid Autonomous Cellular Robots

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 205-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunus Alapan ◽  
Oncay Yasa ◽  
Berk Yigit ◽  
I. Ceren Yasa ◽  
Pelin Erkoc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Living Organism ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cargo Delivery ◽  
Multiple Tasks ◽  
Chemical Techniques ◽  
And Control ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Selection Of

Biohybrid microrobots, composed of a living organism integrated with an artificial carrier, offer great advantages for the miniaturization of devices with onboard actuation, sensing, and control functionalities and can perform multiple tasks, including manipulation, cargo delivery, and targeting, at nano- and microscales. Over the past decade, various microorganisms and artificial carriers have been integrated to develop unique biohybrid microrobots that can swim or crawl inside the body, in order to overcome the challenges encountered by the current cargo delivery systems. Here, we first focus on the locomotion mechanisms of microorganisms at the microscale, crucial criteria for the selection of biohybrid microrobot components, and the integration of the selected artificial and biological components using various physical and chemical techniques. We then critically review biohybrid microrobots that have been designed and used to perform specific tasks in vivo. Finally, we discuss key challenges, including fabrication efficiency, swarm manipulation, in vivo imaging, and immunogenicity, that should be overcome before biohybrid microrobots transition to clinical use.

Role of Research and Development in Sustaining Indian Agriculture: A Brief Review

2020 ◽  
pp. 396-401
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Production Process ◽  
Annual Increase ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
The Past ◽  
Indian Agriculture ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Development Institutions ◽  
Agriculture Development

Technology united with research and development has evolved as a grave differentiator of the agriculture sector in India including production, processing, and agriculture packing and marketing of given crops. Near about 50 percent of the Indian workforce was engaged in the agriculture sector but its share in GDP was only 14 percent, much lower in comparison to former. Though, certain agriculture items showed a steady annual increase in terms of kilograms per hectare. Agriculture transformed significantly over the past few decades but when it comes to investment in research and development there is a lot more which needs to be done. The paper analyzes the role of various research and development institutions in boosting the growth of the agriculture sector that helps in attaining sustainable agriculture development and self-sufficiency in the production process since independence. It also focusesed on the various issues faced by these development institutions. The findings unveiled that since independence a lot more was done to boost the research and development in the agriculture sector at both the center and state levels but a proper implementation of these policies along with transparency could bring more desirable outcomes than were gained at present.

¿¿Nueva narrativa? Entrevista con David Toscana

2002 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 351-362
Author(s):  
Pablo A. J. Brescia ◽  
Scott M. Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current State ◽  
Latin American Narrative ◽  
Boom Latinoamericano ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Time Frames ◽  
Insight Into

This interview with Mexican writer David Toscana ponders the current state of both Mexican and Latin American narrative and serves as an insight into his own works. Toscana's statements about the recurring themes in his narrative (failure, loneliness, characters put to the test, and a tendency to play with different time frames, especially in his novels) help illustrate some of the characteristics of his fiction, which, according to various critics, is one of the most promising today in Mexico. Also noteworthy are his comments about the tendency of writers from his generation (born in the 1960s and later) to reject the legacy of the "boom" writers. Toscana's own interest is to revisit history and tradition by constructing a different voice and a different vision, a new way of seeing and hearing both the past and the present. Esta entrevista con el escritor mexicano David Toscana trata de explorar el estado actual de la narrativa mexicana y latinoamericana, améén de servir como una aproximacióón a la incipiente obra de este autor. Las respuestas de Toscana sobre los temas recurrentes en su literatura (el fracaso, la soledad, los personajes sometidos a pruebas y una tendencia a proponer diferentes marcos temporales, especialmente en sus novelas) subrayan algunos rasgos de su ficcióón, la cual, segúún la críítica especializada, es una de las máás prometedoras en el panorama mexicano de hoy. De especial interéés son los comentarios de Toscana sobre la tendencia de los escritores de su generacióón a rechazar el legado del "boom" latinoamericano. Toscana reacciona contra ese rechazo y propone una voz personal que vuelva a la historia y a la tradicióón y plantee una nueva manera de ver el pasado y el presente de Mééxico.

scholarly journals Biofilm Forming Bacteria during Thermal Water Reinjection

Geofluids ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Máté Osvald ◽  
Gergely Maróti ◽  
Bernadett Pap ◽  
János Szanyi
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Water ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Geothermal System ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Geothermal Systems ◽  
The Past ◽  
Surface System ◽  
Buffer Tank ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Phenol Index

Reinjection of heat-depleted thermal water has long been in the center of scientific interest in Hungary regarding around 1000 operating thermal wells. While the physical and chemical aspects of reinjection have partly been answered in the past years, the effects of biological processes are still less known. We carried out our investigations in the surface elements of the Hódmezővásárhely geothermal system which is one of the oldest operating geothermal systems in Hungary. About one-third of the used geothermal water has been reinjected since 1998 by two reinjection wells at the end of the thermal loops. During the operation, plugging of the surface system was experienced within a few-day-long period, due to biological processes. The goal of our research was to find the dominant species of the microbial flora and to make a proposal to avoid further bacterial problems. We found that the reinjected, therefore the produced, water’s chemical oxygen demand, phenol index, and BTEX composition basically determine the appearing flora on the surface. When the concentration of these compounds in the thermal water is significant and residence time is long enough in the buffer tank, certain bacteria can be much more dominant than others, thus able to form a biofilm which plugs the surface equipment much more than it is expected.

scholarly journals On numerical solver selection and related uncertainty terminology

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra Claeys ◽  
Ann van Griensven ◽  
Lorenzo Benedetti ◽  
Bernard De Baets ◽  
Peter A. Vanrolleghem
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Process Design ◽  
Uncertainty Assessment ◽  
Environmental Modelling ◽  
Chemical Systems ◽  
The Past ◽  
Numerical Solver ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Insight Into

Mathematical models provide insight into numerous biological, physical and chemical systems. They can be used in process design, optimisation, control and decision support, as acknowledged in many different fields of scientific research. Mathematical models do not always yield reliable results and uncertainty should be taken into account. At present, it is possible to identify some factors contributing to uncertainty, and the awareness of the necessity of uncertainty assessment is rising. In the fields of Environmental Modelling and Computational Fluid Dynamics, for instance, terminology related to uncertainty exists and is generally accepted. However, the uncertainty due to the choice of the numerical solver and its settings used to compute the solution of the models did not receive much attention in the past. A motivating example on the existence and effect of numerical uncertainty is provided and clearly shows that we can no longer ignore it. This paper introduces a new terminology to support communication about uncertainty caused by numerical solvers, so that scientists become perceptive to it.

Pharmaceutical Innovation in the United States: Factors Affecting Future Performance

1993 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael R. Pollard
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Cost Containment ◽  
The United States ◽  
Private Companies ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Past ◽  
Future Performance ◽  
Regulatory Strategy

AbstractFueled by high returns on its investments, the pharmaceutical industry in the United States has flourished for the past 50 years. The regulatory strategy of demanding stringent testing then allowing market-based pricing has allowed private companies to fund ambitious research and development activities with the assurance that these investments will be recovered. However, aggressive managed-care cost-containment strategies threaten the companies' ability to recoup research and development expenses and may affect their willingness to invest in future innovative research.

The State of the Art in Management Education Applicable to Aerospace Activities

1967 ◽  
Vol 71 (677) ◽  
pp. 342-343
Author(s):  
F. H. East
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Management Education ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Development Project ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Past ◽  
Defence Budget ◽  
The One ◽  
Almost All

The Aviation Group of the Ministry of Technology (formerly the Ministry of Aviation) is responsible for spending a large part of the country's defence budget, both in research and development on the one hand and production or procurement on the other. In addition, it has responsibilities in many non-defence fields, mainly, but not exclusively, in aerospace.Few developments have been carried out entirely within the Ministry's own Establishments; almost all have required continuous co-operation between the Ministry and Industry. In the past the methods of management and collaboration and the relative responsibilities of the Ministry and Industry have varied with time, with the type of equipment to be developed, with the size of the development project and so on. But over the past ten years there has been a growing awareness of the need to put some system into the complex business of translating a requirement into a specification and a specification into a product within reasonable bounds of time and cost.

scholarly journals A case study on the real time transmission system for research funds

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2.12) ◽  
pp. 178
Author(s):  
Ji Hoon Hong ◽  
Hark Soo Park ◽  
Dae Ho Kim
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Real Time ◽  
System Development ◽  
Communications Technology ◽  
Redundant System ◽  
The Past ◽  
Real Time Transmission ◽  
Day By Day ◽  
Support Research

Background/Objectives: With aview topreventing the abuse and misuse of national research and development funds, which is increasing day by day, thisstudy investigated how systems can be efficiently constructed and redundant development can be minimized when systems are linked with those of variousmanaging institutions which support research and development funds from the viewpoint of research conducting institutions that have been provided with research and development funds.Methods/Statistical Analysis: This study was conducted with aK government-funded research institute, which is a research conducting institution, in coordination with three institutions; the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy, the National Research Foundation of Korea, and the Institute for Information & Communications Technology Promotion.These institutions manage research & development projects.Findings: Inthis study, to prevent the abuse, misuse, and unjust execution of national research and development funds, research-fundcard companies, research managing institutions, and research conducting institutions were linked with each other in real time.First,work efficiency was improved by setting a procedure through which the conducting institutions receive card use details from card companies when research fundcards have been used to execute funds in linkage with the internal executionsystems of the conducting institutions. The data on the execution of funds are transmitted to the managing institutions in real time to enable monitoring in real time.In the past, a conducting institution had to construct a linked system and revise the internal management and execution systems every time a research project from a new managing institution was implemented.Therefore, in this study, when systems were linked, the systems were not directly linked to the DB table, but transmitted/received data by managing institution were analyzed to construct an integrated view and the integrated view was linked with conducting institutions’ internal systems to minimize redundantsystem development.Improvements/Applications: Unjust execution of research and development funds could be prevented in advance, and the transparency of research fund execution could be improved through system linked inreal time. In addition, the expandability of internal systems was improved through the system links and redundant system development when new projects are implemented could be minimized.  

scholarly journals In vitro Evaluation of Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Symplocos racemosa Using Protein Denaturation Assay

2021 ◽  
pp. 715-720
Author(s):  
K. Janani ◽  
R. V. Geetha ◽  
S. Rajeshkumar
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extract ◽  
Protein Denaturation ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Whatman Filter Paper ◽  
Traditional Drug ◽  
Herbal Plants ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Herbal Formulations ◽  
Symplocos Racemosa

Introduction: Recently there is considerable awareness and interest in the field of herbal medicine due to its natural origin and lesser side effects compared to Allopathy. Selected herbal plants like Symplocos racemosa, commonly known as lodhra, are found mainly in plains and lower hills of Bengal. The word ‘Lodhra’ means ‘Propitious’. Symplocos racemosa is an important Indian traditional drug used in many Ayurvedic and herbal formulations for treatment of liver as well as uterine disorders and leucorrhea. Ethnobotanical Literature indicates use of Symplocos racemosa in treatment of eye disease, skin disease, ear disorders, liver and bowel complaints, tumours,uterine disorders, spongy and bleeding gums, asthma, fever, snakebite, gonorrhoea and arthritis. Aim: To analyse the anti-inflammatory activity of Symplocos racemosa using protein denaturation assay. Materials and Methods: 2 g of Lodhra bark powder is mixed with 100 ml distilled water & boiled for 20 min at 50°C. The extract is filtered using whatman filter paper & concentrated to 10 ml.1 ml each of Bovine serum albumin is added to various fixations of plant extract (10μL - 50 μL) and the anti - inflammatory activity was evaluated by analysing the percentage inhibition. Results: From this study, it is evident that Lodhra has significant anti-inflammatory activity. At 50μℓ concentration, the plant extract shower higher anti- inflammatory activity of 76%. Conclusion: Symplocos racemosa extract has proved to exhibit effective anti- inflammatory activity. Further studies have to be carried to analyse the other properties of this herb, which can be incorporated successfully in the pharmaceutical industry.

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