Occurrence of paralytic scoliosis in patients with poliomyelitis reporting at Fauji Foundation Hospital, Rawalpindi

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Muhammad Osama ◽  
Naureen Tassadaq ◽  
Admin
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The World ◽  
Important Health ◽  
Cobb’S Angle ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Pakistan is one of the only three countries in the world with an enduring poliovirus transmission, making poliomyelitis an important health concern for Pakistan. Paralytic scoliosis is a common musculoskeletal dysfunction associated with poliomyelitis. To determine the occurrence of paralytic scoliosis a cross-sectional study was conducted at Fauji Foundation Hospital, Rawalpindi from 2015 to 2018. All patients with poliomyelitis reporting to the hospital were included, whereas patients with scoliosis but no poliomyelitis were excluded. Cobb’s angle was used to determine the severity of scoliotic curves. Pearson correlation was used to determine the correlation of Cobb’s angle with age and Independent T-test was used to determine the difference in terms of gender. Confidence interval was kept at 95%. A total of 51 patients with poliomyelitis were included in the study with a mean age of 28.58±15.07 years.

scholarly journals Prevalence of insomnia and anxiety in university students during the COVID-19 lockdown: A cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-12
Author(s):  
Ameer Hamza Mahmood-ul-Hassan ◽  
Abdul Sannan ◽  
Nehala Nooz ◽  
Ansa Ramay ◽  
Muhammad Huzaifa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Correlation And Regression Analysis ◽  
The World

Background: The world is facing COVID-19 pandemic and almost 70% of the world had gone under Lockdown. People are facing stress, insomnia and anxiety. The lack of basic awareness and spread of fake news are common causes of all these issues. This study was done to determine the prevalence of insomnia and anxiety in medical and non-medical students. Subjects and methods: Subjects were approached through friends in universities using WhatsApp. People having insomnia and anxiety before quarantine were excluded from this study. People using anti-depressants and anti-psychotics before quarantine were also excluded from this study. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 965 students of medical and non-medical universities in the cities of Lahore, Rawalpindi and Islamabad. Consent was taken for using the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale and Insomnia Severity Index for scoring of anxiety and insomnia respectively. An online questionnaire made in Google forms was used for data collection. Independent t-tests, Pearson Correlation and Regression analysis were performed using SPSS v25. Results: Increased prevalence of anxiety and insomnia in non-medical students as compared to the medical students was observed. There was statistically significant strong correlation between anxiety and insomnia of the enrolled subjects (r=0.742, p<0.001). A linear regression equation was formulated. Increased prevalence of anxiety and insomnia in females was also determined. Conclusion: Non-medical students, compared to medical students, among which, females, compared to males, were more likely to suffer from anxiety and insomnia during lockdown.

scholarly journals Child Sexual Abuse among School Children of a Municipality: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (239) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sushma Shrestha ◽  
Swechhya Baskota ◽  
Urusha Karki ◽  
Lisasha Poudel ◽  
Niroj Bhandari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Child Sexual Abuse ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
School Children ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Point Estimate ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Introduction: Sexual abuse remains a hidden and underreported form of violence against children and a serious public health concern. Although it results in severe mental, physical, and psychological risks with consequences such as depression, fear, and low self-esteem, it is still an unexplored and less prioritized area in Nepal. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of Child Sexual Abuse among school children of a municipality. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study, conducted among 405 students, aged below 18 of Mandan-Deupur Municipality, Kavrepalanchowk from April to May 2018. Ethical clearance was taken from Nepal Health Research Council (Ref no 2506). A simple random sampling technique was used to select the schools. Collected data were then entered and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 16. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and percentage. Results: In overall, 64 (15.8%) (12.4-19.7 at 95% Confidence Interval) were found to be sexually abused, where a high prevalence of Child Sexual Abuse was reported for boys 46 (73.43%). Conclusions: According to the findings of this study, child sexual abuse is seen as a significant issue in the place studied. Awareness programs on child sexual abuse should be organized targeting children along with parents and community people.

scholarly journals Washing Hands according to the WHO Guideline since the COVID-19 Outbreak in the Context of Medical Undergraduates at a Tertiary Care Center: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (232) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anuska Khadka ◽  
Saurav Dani
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hand Washing ◽  
World Health ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The World ◽  
Medical Undergraduates ◽  
Awareness Programs

Introduction: Hand washing is an important preventive measure to avoid transmission of Coronavirus Disease of 2019. Medical students should be acquainted with the World Health Organization’s hand-washing guidelines and should follow them to break the chain of spread of the virus. This study aims to find the acquaintance of medical undergraduates with the guidelines and to find out if they have started implementing these guidelines since the corona-virus outbreak. Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study, conducted among MBBS, BSc, and PCL nursing students in their first year to the internship of a tertiary care hospital from May 2020 to August 2020, and ethical clearance was received from the Institutional Review Committee (ref no: IRC-LMC 11-D/020) of Lumbini Medical College and Teaching Hospital. Data collection was done through online questionnaires. Data analysis of the obtained information was done in Microsoft-excel. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data. Results: Of 462 respondents, 265 (57.4%) (52.9-61.9 at 95% Confidence Interval) respondents followed the World Health Organization hand-washing guidelines during every hand wash. Among them 172 (37.2%) participants had learned the guidelines through awareness programs. The majority of respondents belonged to 20-25 age groups, 275 (59.5%), and the majority were pursuing an MBBS degree, 360 (77.9%). Conclusions: We conclude that a notable number of medical undergraduates have been acquainted with standard hand-washing guidelines since the corona-virus outbreak, but some of them still do not follow the guidelines practically. Therefore, effective and impactful awareness programs need to be launched to improve hand hygiene practices.

scholarly journals Frequency of Hyperprolactinemia in PCOS and its Association with Female Infertility

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Anam Rehman
Keyword(s):  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Female Infertility ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Serum Prolactin ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Cross Sectional

Introduction: Infertility is a critical health concern partially due to intricacy in its causes and striving for its prevention, diagnosis and treatment. Various researches have documented a close linkage between polycystic ovary syndrome and hyperprolactinemia. Aims & Objectives: This study was aimed to determine the frequency of hyperprolactinemia in PCOS and its association with infertility in PCOS subjects. Place and duration of study: It was a cross sectional study, conducted during April 2017 and September 2017 at Aziz Fatimah Hospital, Faisalabad, Pakistan. Material & Methods: It was a cross sectional study which was conducted at Aziz Fatimah Hospital, Faisalabad, Pakistan from April to September 2017. This study comprised of 88 female subjects of 17-35 years old who included PCOS subjects and age matched controls. Hyperprolactinemia was assessed by the measurement of serum prolactin levels which were measured by chemiluminescence immunoassay technique (CLIA). SPSS version 22 was used for the statistical analysis of the data. Results: Out of total 88 female participants, 61.4% of polycystic ovary syndrome subjects had hyperprolactinemia as compared to this 36.4% of controls had hyperprolactinemia. Pearson correlation also revealed significant positive association of hyperprolactinemia with infertility. Conclusion: Hyperprolactinemia was frequently seen in polycystic ovary syndrome females as well as raised BMI was also found. Raised prolactin levels are strongly associated with female infertility. Key words: Hyperprolactinemia, Infertilty, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.

scholarly journals Study of Mortality Rate And Poisoning Status by Using Pesticides, Drugs, and Chemicals In Meshkinshahr, Ardabil Province

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eslam Moradi-asl ◽  
Hassan Nikookar ◽  
Peyman Danandehpor ◽  
Fazel Vakili ◽  
Mehrdad Asadyian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hospital Case ◽  
The World ◽  
Important Health

Background and Purpose: Poisoning with pesticides, drugs, and chemicals is one of the most important health problems in the world, causing a varying mortality rate in different regions. Easy access to a variety of drugs and poisons has caused some people to be hurt by using such things. The aim of this study was to evaluate the poisoning and mortality rate by using poisons, drugs, and chemicals in Meshkinshahr, a city in Ardabil Province.Materials   and  Methods: This descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in Meshkinshahr Hospital from 2017 until the end of 2018. All information of people who were poisoned with pesticides, drugs, and chemicals was extracted from hospital case, and then was analyzed by SPSS 23.Results: Totally, 453 cases were referred to hospital with 173 (38.20 %) male and 280 (61.80 %) female. 73%  of the cases were poisoned by using  medications and  drugs , 18% by  using  other chemicals and 9% by poisons and pesticides. The mortality rate was 4%, with 70% due to exposure to pesticides and toxics, and 60% pertaining to deliberate suicide.Conclusion: According to the results of this study, most of the poisoning cases occurred as a result of using drugs; however, more than 70% of mortality was due to pesticides which indicated the toxicity of the pesticides. Also, the findings emphasized that the knowledge of target people is low.

scholarly journals The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency between Saudis and non-Saudis in Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah a cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammed Hassan Nasr ◽  
Noordin Othman ◽  
Bassam Abdulrasol Hassan ◽  
Mahmathi Karoppannan ◽  
Noorizan Binti Abdulaziz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Pleiotropic Functions

BackgroundVitamin D, or the “sunshine” hormone became an attractable topic that recently captivates many researchers. The increased prevalence of vitamin D deficiency became an alarming health concern despite the accumulative evidence exploring its crucial role not only in bone metabolism, but also in a variety of pleiotropic functions throughout the various body organs. The aim of this study is to compare the prevalence that might influence vitamin D deficiency among Saudi and non-Saudi nationalities in Almadinah Almunawarh, Saudi Arabia, and to study the different factors that may have an influence in the difference of this prevalence like the marital status, occupation, smoking, sunlight exposure, education, and dietary habits.MethodsThe study was a cross sectional study done in the medical care unit in Taiba University Almadina Almunawarah in which, 65 healthy male individuals from different nationalities (Saudis and non-Saudis), aged 18 - 65 years were divided into 2 groups, 33 Saudis and 32 non-Saudis. A sociodemographic questionnaire was filled by the study participants and 25-OH vitamin D3 (25(OH)D3) concentrations were detected by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay.ResultsResults showed a Significant percentage of the participants in the Saudi group (n = 30, 91%) suffered from deficiency in vitamin D levels [25 (OH) D < 20 ng/ml] 12.57 ± 4.82 (mean ± SD), compared to only 47% (n = 15) in the non-Saudi group [21.56 ± 6.82 (mean ± SD)]. Vitamin D deficiency was found to be significantly higher in the Saudi group than the non-Saudi group with P = 0.001.ConclusionResults showed a significant increase in vitamin D deficiency in Saudi population than the non-Saudis P = 0.001. The occupation status was found to be the only factor positively correlated with vitamin D deficiency.

Etiologies, Clinical Manifestations, and Factors Associated with Severe Symptomatic Hyponatremia among Hospitalized Hyponatremia Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 103 (5) ◽  
pp. 465-471
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Close Attention ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Present Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Important Health ◽  
Baseline Characteristics

Background: Hyponatremia is associated with unfavorable outcomes in many cases. The mainstay of hyponatremia treatment depends on its symptoms and etiology. However, etiologies, clinical manifestations, and factors associated with severe symptomatic hyponatremia have been rarely reported. Objective: To analyze and report etiologies, clinical manifestations, and factors associated with severe symptomatic hyponatremia. Materials and Methods: In the present cross-sectional study, the authors enrolled hospitalized patients with hyponatremia who had consulted a nephrologist between October 1, 2017, and October 31, 2018. Their baseline characteristics and clinical manifestations were recorded. Etiologies were confirmed by the attending nephrology staff. Factors associated with severe symptomatic hyponatremia were evaluated using logistic regression analysis. Results: One hundred patients were included in this study. The syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis (SIAD), hypovolemia, and hydrochlorothiazide use were the leading hyponatremia etiologies. Hyponatremia etiologies differed between patients with community-acquired hyponatremia (n=50) and those with hospital-associated hyponatremia (n=50). Patients with communityacquired hyponatremia were older, presented with a higher frequency of severe symptomatic hyponatremia, and showed lower SNa-levels. Low SNa-levels were significantly associated with severe symptomatic hyponatremia (p=0.014). Conclusion: Hyponatremia remains an important health problem. SIAD, hypovolemia, and hydrochlorothiazide use are among the leading etiologies of hyponatremia. Low SNa-levels are associated with severe symptomatic hyponatremia; thus, physicians should pay close attention to low SNa-levels in hospitalized patients. Keywords: Hyponatremia, Symptomatic Hyponatremia, Community-acquired hyponatremia, Hospital-associated hyponatremia

Pattern of Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathies Among Anemic Under-Five Children of Northern Bangladesh: A Hospital Based Cross Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Abdur Rafi ◽  
M. Morsed Zaman ◽  
Md. Golam Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hemoglobin E ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Thalassemia Minor ◽  
Different Types

Abstract Background Congenital hemoglobin defects are significant global health concern affecting more than 330,000 newborns every year. In Bangladesh more than half of the under-five children are anemic, but the contribution of hemoglobin disorders to childhood anemia is quite unexplored. Hence, the objective of the present study was to investigate the prevalence and pattern of hemoglobinopathies among anemic under-five (age 6–59 months) children visiting the hematology department of Rajshahi Medical College Hospital (RMCH). Methods This was a retrospective cross-sectional study among anemic patients aged between 6 to 59 months conducted in the hematology department of RMCH from July 2018 to June 2020. The guideline of WHO was used to define the severity of anemia. Hemoglobinopathies was measured using standard methods. Chi-square test was used to find the association between two categorical factors. Results Female and younger children included in the study were more likely to suffer from moderate to severe form of anemia compared to their counterparts. Out of 534 patients 183 were suffering from different types of hemoglobinopathies (prevalence 34.3%). E-β-Thalassemia was the most common type of hemoglobinopathy (14%) followed by Hemoglobin E trait (11%) and β-Thalassemia minor (5.6%). Prevalence of these hemoglobin disorders was comparatively higher among female and older children (p < 0.05). Patients with E-β-Thalassemia and β-Thalassemia major of our study were mostly suffering from severe form of anemia while patients with hemoglobin E trait and β-Thalassemia minor were mostly suffering from mild anemia (p < 0.01). Conclusions A remarkable number of children were suffering from severe anemia and different types of hemoglobinopathies. Gender and age group were the risk factors of anemia and hemoglobinopathies among under-five children. Health authorities of Bangladesh should especially take care of anemic children in this country.

scholarly journals Association between obesity and depression in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2; a study protocol

F1000Research ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo De la Cruz-Cano ◽  
Carlos Alfonso Tovilla-Zarate ◽  
Emilio Reyes-Ramos ◽  
Thelma Beatriz Gonzalez-Castro ◽  
Isela Juarez-Castro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus Type ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The World ◽  
Patients With Diabetes

Background: Diabetes mellitus and depression are highly prevalent conditions throughout the world and have significant impact on health outcomes. It has been estimated that diabetes mellitus type 2 affects about 246 million people in the world; nevertheless, incidence varies among countries. There is evidence that depression is associated with a poor metabolic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus that present other health problems (such as hypertension and obesity). The aim of this study protocol is to determine if obesity increases the risk for depression in patient with diabetes type 2.Methods: The analysis will be reported following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA).The studies suitable for inclusion will be assessed by the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) to determine their methodological quality. To identify the studies of interest, we will search on PubMed and EBSCO databases. We will use the following keyword combinations: "Diabetes Mellitus type 2 AND obesity AND depression", "depression AND Diabetes Mellitus type 2", "Diabetes Mellitus type 2 AND body mass index cross sectional study", "depression AND obesity cross-sectional study". Causes for exclusion will be publications that studied patients diagnosed with diabetes mellitus type 1; articles that focused on the treatment and complications of diabetes mellitus type 2; publications that have studied other clinical or psychiatric conditions (for instance, seizure disorder or history of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, psychotic symptoms or dementia).Conclusion: The results of this study will form the basis for a better understanding of the association between obesity and depression in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2, and will allow development of prediction tools and better interventions. It is evident that several modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors play an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetes among population. Currently, evidence for the deleterious effects of diabetes mellitus type 2 are based on cross-sectional or other observational designs. Therefore, this study will have important implications for future research and public health guidance.

scholarly journals Relationship between Ratio of Second and Fourth Digit and Obesity Traits among Different Ethnic Groups in Ilorin, North Central Nigeria

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 396-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bolaji Fatai OYEYEMI ◽  
John Oluwafemi ADEBAYO ◽  
Abass Toba ANIFOWOSHE ◽  
Oluyinka Ajibola IYIOLA
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Surrogate Marker ◽  
Relative Length ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Digit Ratio ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference

Digit ratio (2D:4D) denotes the relative length of the second and fourth digits. There are contradicting reports on its relationship with ethnicity/race, whereas convincing studies show it is related to obesity. This cross-sectional study was undertaken to demystify ethnic difference in 2D:4D ratio and to analyze its relationship with obesity among adults in Ilorin Nigeria. The cross-sectional study included 701 individuals. Finger lengths were measured with electronic calipers and other anthropometric traits were measured with standard procedure. Student t test and one-way ANOVA were used to detect differences among groups and relationship was computed with Pearson correlation. The receiver operator characteristic curves were used to detect the diagnostic effect of 2D:4D for obesity. The obtained results showed sexual dimorphism in 2D:4D ratio and other anthropometrics at p < 0.01. Obesity was associated with significantly higher mean of 2D:4D in both genders (female 0.9814 ± 0.012:0.9700 ± 0.012; male 0.9700 ± 0.010:0.9592 ± 0.010 at p < 0.001). The area under the curve was 0.753 (95% CI 0.677-0.829, p < 0.01) and 0.798 (95% CI 0.756-0.804, p < 0.01) in female and male R2D:4D respectively for obesity, implying that 2D:4D might be a surrogate marker for obesity in future.  No significant difference was found in 2D:4D among different ethnic groups studied (p >0.05); this result proved that there was no ethnic specificity in 2D:4D ratio among study’ participants. Thus, it can be reported that the digit ratio was related to high 2D:4D, but this cannot be said for different ethnic groups. The results imply that 2D:4D might be a good surrogate indicator for obesity, but not ethnicity.  

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