Is behaviourism really dead? a scoping review to document the presence of behaviourism in current medical education

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Ambreen Ansar ◽  
Aisha Rafi ◽  
Robina Mushtaq Rizvi ◽  
Admin
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Learning Theory ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Current Medical ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Educational Processes ◽  
Successful Outcomes ◽  
Medical Teachers

Behaviourism is the underpinning learning theory of many teaching and assessment tools utilized to enhance the effectiveness of learning. Feedback, reinforcements, motivation, learning outcomes and objectives are few among many which are implied by the medical teachers while teaching both basic and clinical sciences to the students. The claim of Behaviourism being redundant or dead is not based on realities. Behaviourist approach is and will remain the most powerful theory to be implied in educational processes for gaining successful outcomes. Keywords: Behaviourism, Implications, Medical Education, dead, learning.

scholarly journals Online Lectures in Undergraduate Medical Education: Scoping Review (Preprint)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandon Tang ◽  
Alon Coret ◽  
Aatif Qureshi ◽  
Henry Barron ◽  
Ana Patricia Ayala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Undergraduate Medical Education ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Flipped Classroom ◽  
Clinical Skills ◽  
Design Principles ◽  
Multimedia Design ◽  
Online Lectures ◽  
Online Lecture

BACKGROUND The adoption of the flipped classroom in undergraduate medical education calls on students to learn from various self-paced tools—including online lectures—before attending in-class sessions. Hence, the design of online lectures merits special attention, given that applying multimedia design principles has been shown to enhance learning outcomes. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to understand how online lectures have been integrated into medical school curricula, and whether published literature employs well-accepted principles of multimedia design. METHODS This scoping review followed the methodology outlined by Arksey and O'Malley (2005). Databases, including MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Education Source, FRANCIS, ERIC, and ProQuest, were searched to find articles from 2006 to 2016 related to online lecture use in undergraduate medical education. RESULTS In total, 45 articles met our inclusion criteria. Online lectures were used in preclinical and clinical years, covering basic sciences, clinical medicine, and clinical skills. The use of multimedia design principles was seldom reported. Almost all studies described high student satisfaction and improvement on knowledge tests following online lecture use. CONCLUSIONS Integration of online lectures into undergraduate medical education is well-received by students and appears to improve learning outcomes. Future studies should apply established multimedia design principles to the development of online lectures to maximize their educational potential.

The Application of Social and Adult Learning Theory to Training in Community Pediatrics, Social Justice, and Child Advocacy

PEDIATRICS ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 112 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 755-757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas G. DeWitt
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Social Justice ◽  
Adult Learners ◽  
Adult Learning ◽  
Learning Theory ◽  
Adult Learning Theory ◽  
Child Advocacy ◽  
Professional Needs ◽  
Educational Processes ◽  
New Infrastructure

The Issue. Perhaps the greatest challenge we face today in medical education is how to establish a conceptual framework for conveying the context of community pediatrics and issues related to child health equity and social justice to practicing pediatricians and pediatricians in training. This will require a new infrastructure and approach to training to allow pediatricians to think and practice differently. The application of social and adult learning theory to the development and implementation of community pediatrics curricula will be necessary to succeed in these endeavors. In particular, we also will need to understand the educational processes required to motivate adult learners to acquire knowledge, attitudes, and skills outside the context and framework of their previous experiences and perceived professional needs.

scholarly journals How hospitalized patients evaluate and report their pain together with nurses: A scoping review

2021 ◽  
pp. 205715852110134
Author(s):  
Bente Dale Malones ◽  
Sindre Sylte Kallmyr ◽  
Vera Hage ◽  
Trude Fløystad Eines
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Pain Assessment ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Post Surgery ◽  
Reliable Assessment ◽  
Scoping Reviews ◽  
The Relationship

Pain assessment tools are often used by patients to report their pain and by health professionals to assess patients’ reported pain. Although valid and reliable assessment of pain is essential for high-quality clinical care, there are still many patients who experience inappropriate pain management. The aim of this scoping review is to examine an overview of how hospitalized patients evaluate and report their pain in collaboration with nurses. Systematic searches were conducted, and ten research articles were included using the PRISMA guidelines for scoping reviews. Content analysis revealed four main themes: 1) the relationship between the patient and nurse is an important factor of how hospitalized patients evaluate and report their post-surgery pain, 2) the patient’s feelings of inconsistency in how pain assessments are administered by nurses, 3) the challenge of hospitalized patients reporting post-surgery pain numerically, and 4) previous experiences and attitudes affect how hospitalized patients report their pain. Pain assessment tools are suitable for nurses to observe and assess pain in patients. Nevertheless, just using pain assessment tools is not sufficient for nurses to obtain a comprehensive clinical picture of each individual patient with pain.

scholarly journals Industry-Practice-Based Engineering Hydrology Education at USQ, Australia

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 213
Author(s):  
Rezaul Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Online Education ◽  
Student Satisfaction ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Professional Practice ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Discussion Forums ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Industry Practice ◽  
The University ◽  
Engineering Hydrology

Engineering education must embrace several challenges, such as increased numbers of work-based students, increased demand for online education, mismatches in employability skills and industry requirements, and lack of student engagement. The hydrology course at the University of Southern Queensland attracts more than 100 students every year, where more than 70% of students are off-campus and most of them are work-based. This study explored how an online hydrology course can embrace industry practice and engage students in order to achieve learning outcomes. Industrial careers in hydrology involve extensive use of hydroclimatological data and modeling applications. The course modules, learning objectives and outcomes, and assessment tools have been designed to align with industry practices. Active participation of students was observed in self-assessment quizzes and discussion forums. The course was rated very well in achieving learning outcomes and in overall student satisfaction. Students appreciated the well-structured real-world and professional practice in the course.

scholarly journals What is meant by “frailty” in undergraduate medical education? A national survey of UK medical schools

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 355-362
Author(s):  
Rebecca Winter ◽  
Muna Al-Jawad ◽  
Juliet Wright ◽  
Duncan Shrewsbury ◽  
Harm Van Marwijk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Undergraduate Medical Education ◽  
Geriatric Medicine ◽  
Treatment Decision ◽  
Medical Schools ◽  
Educational Strategies ◽  
Treatment Decision Making ◽  
Negative Perceptions ◽  
Common Learning

Abstract Purpose All UK medical schools are required to include frailty in their curriculum. The term is open to interpretation and associated with negative perceptions. Understanding and recognising frailty is a prerequisite for consideration of frailty in the treatment decision-making process across clinical specialities. The aim of this survey was to describe how frailty has been interpreted and approached in UK undergraduate medical education and provide examples of educational strategies employed. Methods All UK medical schools were invited to complete an electronic survey. Schools described educational strategies used to teach and assess frailty and provided frailty-related learning outcomes. Learning Outcomes were grouped into categories and mapped to the domains of Outcomes for Graduates (knowledge, skills and values). Results 25/34 Medical schools (74%) participated. The interpretation of what frailty is vary widely and the diversity of teaching strategies reflect this. The most common Learning outcomes included as “Frailty” are about the concept of frailty, Comprehensive Geriatric Assessments and Roles of the MDT. Frailty teaching is predominantly opportunistic and occurred within geriatric medicine rotations in all medical schools. Assessments focus on frailty syndromes such as falls and delirium. Conclusion There is variation regarding how frailty has been interpreted and approached by medical schools. Frailty is represented in an array of teaching and assessment methods, with a lack of constructive alignment to related learning outcomes. Consensus should be agreed as to what frailty means in medical education. Further research is required to explore which frailty-specific educational strategies in undergraduate medical education enhance learning.

scholarly journals Mapping Research Conducted on Long-Term Care Facilities for Older People in Brazil: A Scoping Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1522
Author(s):  
Patrick Alexander Wachholz ◽  
Deborah Cristina De Oliveira ◽  
Kathryn Hinsliff-Smith ◽  
Reena Devi ◽  
Paulo José Fortes Villas Boas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Older People ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Care Facilities

This scoping review aimed to explore the characteristics, strengths, and gaps in research conducted in Brazilian long-term care facilities (LTCFs) for older adults. Electronic searches investigating the residents (≥60 years old), their families, and the LTCF workforce in Brazil were conducted in Medline, EMBASE, LILACS, and Google Scholar, within the timescale of 1999 to 2018, limited to English, Portuguese, or Spanish. The reference lists were hand searched for additional papers. The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) was used for critical appraisal of evidence. Data were reported descriptively considering the study design, using content analysis: 327 studies were included (n = 159 quantitative non-randomized, n = 82 quantitative descriptive, n = 67 qualitative, n = 11 mixed methods, n = 6 randomized controlled trials, and n = 2 translation of assessment tools). Regardless of the study design, most were conducted in a single LTCF (45.8%), in urban locations (84.3%), and in non-profit settings (38.7%). The randomized trials and descriptive studies presented the lowest methodological quality based on the MMAT. This is the first review to provide an overview of research on LTCFs for older people in Brazil. It illustrates an excess of small-scale, predominantly qualitative papers, many of which are reported in ways that do not allow the quality of the work to be assured.

scholarly journals Elder Abuse Assessment Tools and Interventions for use in the Home Environment: a Scoping Review

2020 ◽  
Vol Volume 15 ◽  
pp. 1793-1807
Author(s):  
Kathleen Van Royen ◽  
Paul Van Royen ◽  
Liesbeth De Donder ◽  
Robbert J Gobbens
Keyword(s):  
Home Environment ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Elder Abuse ◽  
Assessment Tools

scholarly journals Clinical reasoning and medical education: Scoping Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni García-Castro ◽  
Francisco Javier Ruiz-Ortega
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Clinical Reasoning ◽  
Scoping Review
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