CRISPR Cas System: an efficient tool for cancer modelling

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Mehran Akhtar ◽  
Tazkira Jamal ◽  
Mudassir Khan ◽  
Shah Rukh Khan ◽  
Shohra Haider ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Genetics ◽  
Cancer Biology ◽  
Cancer Genetics ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Research Articles ◽  
Efficient Tool ◽  
Cancer Modelling ◽  
Genetic Modelling

Abstract The Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats–Cas-9 (CRISPR-Cas9) system has been a revolutionising tool in the field of molecular genetics, which provides a versatile range of editing potentials. Researchers can produce breaks or alter genomes with ease using the system. Cancer is one of the multi-gene diseases whose genes need to be studied in detail. The CRISPR-Cas9 technology may also provide a promising potential in the field of cancer genetics. The current narrative review comprised 50 research articles which were keenly analysed and the applications and outcomes of CRISPR-Cas9 system in cancer genetics were comprehensively and critically discussed. It was concluded that application of the system had great potential to help understand cancer biology of various types and could be used for its genetic modelling. However, much work is still needed to be done to apply the technology for understanding...Continuous...  

scholarly journals E-Book as Educational Media ‘Aku dan Kehamilan Sehat-Ku’ : Narrative Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-129
Author(s):  
Fatiah Handayani ◽  
Anggie Yuliyati ◽  
Cindi Zaenudin ◽  
Syifa Azzahra
Keyword(s):  
Health Education ◽  
Natural Process ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Research Articles ◽  
Hormonal Changes ◽  
Educational Media ◽  
Healthy Living ◽  
Digital Books ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
In Pregnancy

Technological developments have affected the method of providing education in every field. The development of health education media is very helpful in increasing understanding of healthy living, as the process of pregnancy is a natural process. Hormonal changes that cause various kinds of complaints or discomfort will affect the baby if it is not addressed properly. The purpose of this research was to examine the results of research on the use of digital books or electronic books (e-books) in providing information about discomfort in pregnancy.This research used Narrative Review method, namely examining research articles. The research articles were obtained using the e-book, pregnancy, discomfort keywords in pregnancy from the Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus and Wos databases. There were 30 articles obtained  with 19 articles that were in accordance with the research objectives. It can be concluded that that there is a potential to develop e-book media that is modified with multimedia to be used as a media for health education about pregnancy and its discomfort.

scholarly journals Hallmarks of cancer—the new testament

Open Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 200358
Author(s):  
Sasi S. Senga ◽  
Richard P. Grose
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Biology ◽  
Cancer Genetics ◽  
Cancer Therapeutics ◽  
Extensive Study ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Hallmarks Of Cancer ◽  
Neuronal Signalling ◽  
The New Testament ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Diagnosis and treatment of disease demand a sound understanding of the underlying mechanisms, determining any Achilles' heel that can be targeted in effective therapies. Throughout history, this endeavour to decipher the origin and mechanism of transformation of a normal cell into cancer has led to various theories—from cancer as a curse to an understanding at the level of single-cell heterogeneity, meaning even among a single sub-type of cancer there are myriad molecular challenges to overcome. With increasing insight into cancer genetics and biology, the disease has become ever more complex to understand. The complexity of cancer as a disease was distilled into key traits by Hanahan and Weinberg in their seminal ‘Hallmarks of Cancer' reviews. This lucid conceptualization of complex cancer biology is widely accepted and has helped advance cancer therapeutics by targeting the various hallmarks but, with the advancement in technologies, there is greater granularity in how we view cancer as a disease, and the additional understanding over the past decade requires us to revisit the hallmarks of cancer. Based on extensive study of the cancer research literature, we propose four novel hallmarks of cancer, namely, the ability of cells to regress from a specific specialized functional state, epigenetic changes that can affect gene expression, the role of microorganisms and neuronal signalling, to be included in the hallmark conceptualization along with evidence of various means to exploit them therapeutically.

scholarly journals A Narrative Review of the Literature on Academic Delay of Gratification Construct

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajib Chakraborty
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Delay Of Gratification ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Research Articles ◽  
Variable Delay ◽  
School Students ◽  
Work Done ◽  
Academic Delay ◽  
Academic Delay Of Gratification

Most of the research on academic delay of gratification, a vital academic variable, is available in foreign context. Research studies on this construct on Indian students at secondary, higher secondary and tertiary levels and a subsequent body of its literature are warranted. This is call for an awareness of the already available edifice of research work on this construct. The present study is a narrative review of the available literature on academic delay of gratification in a chronological manner. Electronic databases like Mandeley, Pub Med, ERIC and Google Scholar were used as data sources. Literature in the form of research articles and review articles were searched. The works with the exact keyword in their title were selected for study, and the literature on related keywords was strictly ignored, except a few seminal papers on a closely related variable, delay of gratification. The literature review included research articles starting from the first published work that linked the variable delay of gratification to enhanced academic performance by Walter Mischel et al. in 1990 to the latest research work done in 2016 by the researcher. Qualitative analysis was done on the selected articles for review. The study found that most of the research on this variable was conducted only on college students, followed by secondary school, middle school, higher secondary school and elementary school students as samples, respectively. The Indian version of the original ADOG scale is not available yet. These findings can pave way for further research on academic delay of gratification in India.

scholarly journals Novel Targeted Therapies for Metastatic Thyroid Cancer—A Comprehensive Review

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 2104
Author(s):  
Mohammad Al-Jundi ◽  
Shilpa Thakur ◽  
Sriram Gubbi ◽  
Joanna Klubo-Gwiezdzinska
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Targeted Therapies ◽  
Cancer Biology ◽  
Cancer Genetics ◽  
Tumor Biology ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
External Beam Radiation ◽  
Novel Therapies ◽  
Beam Radiation ◽  
Metastatic Thyroid Cancer

The knowledge on thyroid cancer biology has grown over the past decade. Thus, diagnostic and therapeutic strategies to manage thyroid cancer are rapidly evolving. With new insights into tumor biology and cancer genetics, several novel therapies have been approved for the treatment of thyroid cancer. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), such as lenvatinib and sorafenib, have been successfully utilized for the treatment of radioactive iodine (RAI)-refractory metastatic differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). In addition, pretreatment with mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitors (trametinib and selumetinib) has been shown to restore RAI avidity in previously RAI-refractory DTCs. Local therapies, such as external beam radiation and radiofrequency/ethanol ablation, have also been employed for treatment of DTC. Vandetanib and cabozantinib are the two TKIs currently approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of medullary thyroid cancer (MTC). Other novel therapies, such as peptide receptor radionuclide therapy and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) vaccine, have also been utilized in treating MTC. Ongoing trials on selective rearranged-during-transfection (RET) protooncogene inhibitors, such as LOXO-292 and BLU-667, have demonstrated promising results in the treatment of metastatic MTC resistant to non-selective TKIs. The FDA-approved BRAF/MEK inhibitor combination of dabrafenib and trametinib has revolutionized treatment of BRAFV600E mutation positive anaplastic thyroid cancer. Several other emerging classes of medications, such as gene fusion inhibitors and immune checkpoint inhibitors, are being actively investigated in several clinical trials. In this review, we describe the molecular landscape of thyroid cancer and novel targeted therapies and treatment combinations available for the treatment of metastatic thyroid cancer.

Molecular Genetics and Cancer Biology

2012 ◽  
pp. 530-567.e16
Author(s):  
Mark L. Gonzalgo ◽  
Alan Keith Meeker
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Genetics ◽  
Cancer Biology

Cancer and Natural Products: An Overview

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tajamul Islam Shah
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Cancer Cell ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Cancer Biology ◽  
Normal Cell ◽  
Cellular Response ◽  
Cancer Genetics ◽  
Cancer Therapeutics ◽  
Mother Nature ◽  
The Subject

Cancer and natural products: an overview is intended for both undergraduate and post graduate-level students (including medical students) and employees in the pharmaceutical industry interested in learning about how a normal cell becomes transformed into a cancer cell. Signaling pathways of a cell detect and respond to changes in the environment and regulate normal cellular activities. Cells contain many receptors on their membrane that allow a signal from outside the cell (e.g. growth factors) to be transmitted to the inside of the cell. The relay of information may cause a change in cell behavior or in gene expression, and results in a cellular response. Interference in these signal transduction pathways has grave consequences and may lead to the transformation of a normal cell into a cancer cell. The identification of the malfunctions of specific pathways involved in carcinogenesis provides scientists with molecular targets that can be used to generate new cancer therapeutics. I have chosen to present the biology of cancer together with a promise to design and formulate effective anti-cancer drugs from Mother Nature with negligible side effects and to replace the conventional therapies. I hope that this presentation stimulates interest and motivates learning of the subject matter. Efforts have been made to avoid overburdening the students/readers with preceding information and get laden with lucid and latest information in the field of cancer and its natural therapeutics. The author’s primary goal has been clear writing and meaningful figures. All attempts have been made in the present work to provide an integrated approach covering an overview of cancer biology, cancer genetics, carcinogenesis and promising loom from Mother Nature. I hope that this presentation stimulates interest and motivates learning of the subject matter. You may reach author at: [email protected]

scholarly journals DEXAMETHASONE USE IN MANAGEMENT OF COVID19: A REVIEW

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 279-288
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Oxygen Therapy ◽  
Print Media ◽  
Retrospective Studies ◽  
Supplemental Oxygen ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Research Articles ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Supplemental Oxygen Therapy ◽  
Published Research

The lack of active 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic treatment creates a challenge for researchers and scientists to find the most appropriate treatment for this disease. Dexamethasone, according to the findings of the RECOVERY clinical trial, declared mid-June 2020 in print media was one of those therapies. Although the results from retrospective studies are not strongly supportive of corticosteroid routine use in COVID-19 despite the signals for some benefits, the dedicated RECOVERY trial found a significant reduction in death with dexamethasone only in severe cases on a ventilator or moderate cases on supplemental oxygen therapy nevertheless, no benefit observed in mild to moderate cases requiring no oxygen. More studies are still necessary to substantiate conclusive use with dexamethasone in COVID-19. This narrative review attempts to summarize all available shreds of evidence from previously published research articles on the use of dexamethasone in COVID-19 pandemic treatment.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document