Sexual dysfunction: Prevalence and relationship with depression and other socio-demographic factors among the type II diabetic women of Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rubab Gul ◽  
Sana Gul ◽  
Muhammad Azmat Khan ◽  
Raja Rizwan Ul Haq Satti
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Sexual Dysfunction ◽  
Sexual Function ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Sexual Problem ◽  
Military Hospital ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Type Ii

Objective: To find out the association between sexual dysfunction and depressive symptoms among the type II diabetic women of Pakistan. Methods: Study was conducted at Military hospital RWP from November 2017 to October 2018Two hundred and fiftydiabeticwomen reporting for the routine follow-upat a tertiary care hospital in Rawalpindi Pakistan were approached to participate in our study. Female sexual function index (FSFI) was used to assess the sexual function of the women who participated in our study. Presence of depressive symptoms was assessed by using the Beck depressive inventory II (BDI-II). Relationship of age, duration of diabetes, depression, education, level of family income and type of treatment (insulin or oral hypoglycemic)was assessed with the sexual dysfunction when regression analysis was applied. Results:  Out of 250 diabetic women, who were administered FSFI, 35.6% had no sexual problem while 64.5% had significant dysfunction regarding their sexuality. 71.6% of the patients had presence of depressive symptoms while 28.4% were negative on screening of depression with BDI-II. Increasing age and presence of depressive symptoms had considerable association with the sexual dysfunction. Conclusion: High prevalence of sexual dysfunction was recorded among diabetic women of our part of the world. Women with psychological problems should be paid special attention in this regard.Female diabetic patients with increasing ageshould also be screened regularly for psycho-sexual problems during the course of treatment of DM. Keywords: sexual dysfunction; DM; FSFI; depressive symptoms Continuous...

scholarly journals EFFECT OF ORAL AZITHROMYCIN AND METRONIDAZOLE AS AN ADJUNCT TO SCALING AND ROOT PLANING ON GLYCEMIC CONTROL IN TYPE II DIABETIC PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 449
Author(s):  
Dhivya K ◽  
Yogarajan K ◽  
Shanmugarajan T S
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Chronic Periodontitis ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Periodontal Therapy ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Oral Azithromycin

ABSTRACTObjective: Periodontitis, a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by destruction of the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone is the sixthcomplication of diabetes mellitus. Periodontal treatment that reduces gingival inflammation aids in the control of hyperglycemia. Therefore, thepresent study was designed to determine the effect of treating chronic periodontitis with oral antibiotics azithromycin and metronidazole on the levelof serum glycated hemoglobin in type-II diabetic patients.Methods: This prospective observational study was carried out in the dental department of a tertiary care hospital for 9 months. Clinical andbiochemistry reports of 90 patients were collected in designed case report forms. All statistical analyses were performed using IBM Statistical Packagefor Social Sciences 17 and Graph Pad Prism 7.0.Results: Significant reduction in all the clinical and dental parameters was comparatively higher in patients who received azithromycin than inpatients who received metronidazole and scaling and root planning alone.Conclusion: Periodontal therapy with oral azithromycin can be employed as a supportive strategy for the management of diabetes mellitus.Henceforth, prevention and control of periodontal disease along with antibiotics must be considered an integral part of glycemic control. However,due to the lesser sample size in this study, further investigations are required to confirm the effect of periodontal therapy on systemic diseases.Keywords: Periodontitis, Azithromycin, Metronidazole, Glycemic control, Diabetes mellitus.

scholarly journals A Study of Cardiac Autonomic Neuropathy among Type-II Diabetic Patients

2021 ◽  
pp. 345-352
Author(s):  
B.V. Surendra ◽  
N. S. Muthiah ◽  
M. V. Sailaja ◽  
K. Prabhu
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Autonomic Neuropathy ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
Cardiac Autonomic Neuropathy ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Duration Of Diabetes

Background: Though very common, CAN is a least understood complication of diabetes which is often under diagnosed. In diabetes mellitus patients, CAN leads to silent myocardial infarction and sudden death. So by identifying CAN early, which is asymptomatic will help to delay or arrest its progression. AIM: To find out the prevalence and the associated risk factors of Cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN) among type-II Diabetes Mellitus patients in a tertiary care hospital. Materials & Methods: A total of 273 type-II diabetic participants were selected after taking into consideration of inclusion & exclusion criteria. The prevalence of CAN was assessed by ewings and clarkesnon invasive cardiac autonomic neuropathy reflex tests. The association of risk                  factors with the presence of CAN was analysed by using Pearson’s chi square test.                               Data were analysed by using SPSS 16. The accepted level of significance was set below 0.05 (P<0.05). Results: The prevalence of CAN among type-II diabetic patients in this study was found to be 34%. Prevalence of CAN increased in the participants with male gender, increased age, and increased BMI, increased duration of diabetes, poor glycaemic control,dyslipidimea, smokers and hypertension and it is statistically significant. Conclusion: In this study it is observed that the prevalence of CAN increased with old age, male gender, poor glycemic control, increased duration of diabetes, Dyslipidemia, higher BMI, Hypertension & smoking. So risk factors associated with the CAN be detected and treated at an early stage to further reduce morbidity and mortality.

scholarly journals Tear Film Changes in Type II Diabetes Mellitus with and without Diabetic Retinopathy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajni Sethia ◽  
Jeet Patel ◽  
Nirathya Anisha Pothuri ◽  
Shail Shah ◽  
Jay Mehta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Dry Eye ◽  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Parametric Test ◽  
Department Of Ophthalmology

Introduction: With the substantial progress in understanding of the ocular surface system in the past decade, Dry Eye Disease (DED) is the more commonly encountered condition in diabetes. Diabetes and DED have a common association. Aim: To estimate the prevalence of dry eye in diabetic patient and tear film changes with Diabetic Retinopathy (DR). Materials and Methods: It was an observational cross-sectional study, in which 103 type II diabetic patients attending the Department of Ophthalmology in a Tertiary Care Hospital were enrolled, out of which 43 patients had DR and 60 patients had no DR. Dry eye evaluation was done using Ocular Surface Disease Indexing (OSDI) questionnaire and was confirmed objectively using Schirmer’s I and II test and Tear film Break Up Time (TBUT). Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20 was used for statistical analysis of this study data. All quantitative data were analysed by using parametric test whereas all qualitative data were analysed by using non-parametric test to find significance level and the p-value <0.05 was considered significant. Results: In present study, 68 among 103 diabetics patients had DED with the prevalence of 66% based on OSDI scoring. Out of the 43 patients with DR and 60 without DR, DED was encountered in 38 and 30 patients, respectively. DED status was not influenced by gender, age and duration of diabetes. An increase in DED was seen with higher HbA1c (Glycated Haemoglobin) values but was not significant. DED in DR group yielded a significant association with OSDI (p=0.002), Schirmer’s I and II (p=0.001) and TBUT (p=0.046). Conclusion: On the basis of present study, it can be stated that the prevalence of dry eye was more in DR patients in comparison to those without retinopathy. Therefore, all diabetic patients should be screened for dry eye, in order to diagnose and treat it at the earliest.

scholarly journals TYPE II DIABETES MELLITUS

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (09) ◽  
pp. 1369-1373
Author(s):  
Ijaz Ahmed ◽  
Umer Jahangir ◽  
Humaira Talat ◽  
Fatima Akhund
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
P Value ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Cutaneous Manifestations ◽  
Cutaneous Infections

Introduction: Diabetes Mellitus is a syndrome with disordered metabolismand inappropriate hyperglycemia due to either deficiency of insulin secretion or combinationof insulin resistance and inadequate insulin. Infections constitute the main bulk of cutaneousmanifestations of diabetes mellitus with incidence ranging between 20–50%. Bacteria andfungi can cause infective complications involving skin and nails of the diabetic patients. Themajor share of infections in Diabetes Mellitus is contributed by bacteria. The most commoncausative organisms are Staphylococcus aurous and beta-hemolytic Streptococci. Objective:to determine the frequency of cutaneousbacterial Infections in patients with type II DiabetesMellitis, attending outpatient clinic in a tertiary care hospital. Study Design: Cross sectionalstudy. Setting: Department of Dermatology and Medicine, Dr. Ziauddin University Hospital,KDLB Campus, Karachi. Period: 1st January 2017 till 31st March 2017 over a period of threemonths. Material and methods: Adult patients already diagnosed to be suffering from type 2Diabetes Mellitis presenting with cutaneous manifestations were included in the study. Patientsfulfilling the selection criteria were enrolled after an informed consent. Relevant laboratoryinvestigations were advised where required. Current study targeted bacterial infections onlyand Chi-square test was used to determine P value. Data obtained was compiled, tabulatedand analyzed by SPSS. Result: Total of 302 cases of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitis having somecutaneous manifestations were enrolled. There were 124 (41%) males and 178 (59%) females.Mean age of presentation was 50 ± 11 years, the age range being 30-80 years. The meanduration of diabetes was 8.5 ± 7 years (range being 1-30 years). Unsatisfactory glycemic controlwas present in 205 (68%) patients. Among the enrolled subjects bacterial infections were themost frequently seen skin disease accounting for 79 patients (26%). Among the patients withthese bacterial infections uncontrolled Diabetes was a feature in 61 (77%). The breakup ofbacterial infections (59) in the descending order of frequency stood as follows: cellulitis 22(28%), carbuncle 17 (21%), furuncle 14 (18%), ecthyma 13 (16%), folliculitis 09 (12%), andimpetigo 04 (5%). Conclusion: Cutaneous infections are a common feature in patients withType II Diabetes Mellitis, bacterial infections being the most common.

scholarly journals Peripheral Neuropathy and Cardiac Autonomic Neuropathy among Type II Diabetic Patients: Prevalence and Risk Factors

2021 ◽  
pp. 103-110
Author(s):  
B. V. Surendra ◽  
N. S. Muthiah ◽  
M. V. Sailaja ◽  
K. Sreenivasulu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Peripheral Neuropathy ◽  
Autonomic Neuropathy ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cardiac Autonomic Neuropathy ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: The two most common chronic complication softype 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are peripheral neuropathy (PN) and Cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN).Diagnosing neuropathies at subclinical stage can prevent the morbidity and mortality. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of peripheral neuropathy and cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy and their risk factors in type-II diabetic patients attending a tertiary care hospital. Methods: An observational cross sectional study was done from December 2019 to November 2020 in the department of General medicine at tertiary care hospital. 273 type II diabetic patients were selected for this study. Toronto clinical scoring system was used for assessing PN and ewings cardiovascular reflex study was used done to assess CAN. To identify the risk factors of PN and CAN, Logistic regression analysis was used. Results: The prevalence of PN and CAN was 45.4% and 34.06% respectively, while29.3% participants had both. Smoking (OR: 12.976; 95% CI: 0.052–0.418, P<0.0001) and poor glycaemic control (OR: 27.231; 95% CI: 5.226–38.201, P<0.0001) were independent risk factors of DPN. poorglycaemic control (OR: 26.970; 95% CI: 3.507–16.055, P <0.0001) and Dyslipidimea (OR: 11.792; 95% CI: 0.096–0.526, P ≤ 0.001) were independent predictors of CAN. Interpretation and Conclusions: PN and CAN are common among diabetic patients, and thus it is recommended to screen Peripheral Neuropathy and CAN in all diabetic patients for the early diagnosis and preventing the debilitating complications

Frequency of Dyslipidemia in Patients with Type-II Diabetes Mellitus

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 2243-2245
Author(s):  
Bilal Rafique Malik ◽  
Aneeqa Ilyas ◽  
Rehan Anwar
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Pathology Laboratory ◽  
The Mean

Introduction: Dyslipidemia is one of the major risk factors for cardiovascular disease in diabetes mellitus. Early detection and treatment of dyslipidemia in type-2 diabetes mellitus can prevent risk for atherogenic cardiovascular disorder. Objective: To determine the frequency of dyslipidemia in patients with type II diabetes mellitus presenting in a tertiary care hospital for routine check-up Materials and Methods Study design: Cross sectional study Setting: Department of Medicine (South Medical Ward), Mayo Hospital, Lahore Duration: Six months i.e. 1st July 2020 to 31st December 2020. Data collection procedure: Total 220 patients fulfilling selection criteria were enrolled in the study. Then blood samples were obtained and sent to the pathology laboratory of the hospital for assessment of lipid profile. Reports were assessed and level of cholesterol and triglycerides were noted and dyslipidemia was labeled, if levels were high. All this data was recorded in proforma. Results: In this study, the mean age of patients in this study was 52.71 ± 7.46 years. There were 104 (47.3%) males and 116 (52.7%) females. There were 92 (41.8%) patients of normal BMI, 72 (32.7%) patients were overweight and 56 (25.5%) patients were obese. The mean duration of diabetes was 18.30 ± 3.92 months. Dyslipidemia was diagnosed in 97 (44.09%) patients. Conclusion: Results of this study showed high frequency of dyslipidemia among diabetic patients. Key words: Dyslipidemia, Type II, Diabetes mellitus, Lipid profile

scholarly journals Depressive symptoms in type II diabetics of a tertiary care hospital in southern India

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 327
Author(s):  
Nagaraja B. S. ◽  
Divya Sharma K. R.
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
International Diabetes Federation ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Hospital Data ◽  
Duration Of Diabetes ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression

Background: International diabetes federation has highlighted that “the diabetic epidemic is here and threatens to overwhelm health systems if unchecked’’. The global prevalence of diabetes among adults has risen from 4.7% in 1980 to 8.5% in 2014. India unfortunately tops the list of countries with the largest number of people living with diabetes. Diabetes and depression are independent risk factors for one another and both are associated with increased risk of cognitive decline. Prevalence of depression is doubled in Diabetes mellitus, and also appears to vary by type of Diabetes mellitus, race/ethnicity, and duration of diabetes and associated debilitating complications and co-morbidities. Various studies using different methodology have revealed varying prevalence of depression. Data on this association of Diabetes and depression is limited in Indian context.Methods: This is a cross sectional study conducted on type 2 Diabetics attending outpatient department of Victoria and Bowring and Lady Curzon Hospital. Data regarding duration and treatment of diabetes, HbA1c levels and associated comorbidities were collected along with basic particulars of the patient. Becks depression questionnaire were used for analyzing the depressive symptoms.Results: A total of 302 diabetic patients were included in the study, out of which Males were 156 and Females were 146. Severe depressive symptoms were found in 18.21% of diabetics, and moderate depressive symptoms were found in 39.74% of study population. It is also found that the significant predictors of these depressive symptoms are increasing age, longer duration of diabetes, treatment intensity.Conclusions: In conclusion depressive symptoms are more common in diabetic subjects compared to non-diabetic population. Especially this increases with duration of diabetes and uncontrolled sugars. Hence there is a need to screen all diabetes subjects for depression.

Prescribing trends of antidiabetic drugs in diabetic and hypertensive diabetic patients in an urban tertiary care hospital of Bangladesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 338-343
Author(s):  
Mohammad Didar Khan ◽  
Md. Ibrahim ◽  
Md. Mizanur Rahman Moghal ◽  
Dipti debnath ◽  
Asma Kabir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Microsoft Excel ◽  
Patient Profile ◽  
Prescribing Trends ◽  
Medical University ◽  
Insight Into

Objective: The present epidemiological study was conducted with the objectives of providing an insight into the current use of antidiabetic medications to diabetics and hypertensive diabetics in urban areas and determining how the patient factors influence the prescribing of antidiabetic medications. Methodology: Data of patients of past two years were collected from Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh. The details were entered in the structured patient profile form. Data were statistically analyzed using the Microsoft Excel 2007 software. Result: A total of 958 patient’s data were collected and analyzed of which 632 (65.97 %) were males and 326 (34.03 %) were females. These patients were further categorized based on their age. 330 patients (34.45 %) belonged to the age group 20 – 44 years, 504 (52.61 %) to the age group 45 – 65 years and 124 (12.94 %) to the age group 65 – 80 years. 684 (71.4%) patients out of the 958 patients studied were suffering from coexisting hypertension. Co-existing hypertension was found to be more prevalent in the age group 45 – 65 years (67.69%) and was found more in females (84.04%). Conclusion: Metformin was the oral hypoglycemic which was the highest prescribed. In hypertensive diabetics Metformin and Pioglitazone were most frequently prescribed drugs. Biguanides and Insulin were the most commonly prescribed antidiabetics. A combination of two or more drugs of different classes was prescribed to hypertensive diabetics. It is necessary to have an improved understanding of the etiology and pathophysiology of diabetes to focus on research efforts appropriately.

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