A comprehensive review on gout: the epidemiological trends, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Kanwal Ashiq ◽  
Mayyda Asif Bajwa ◽  
Samreen Tanveer ◽  
Mehwish Qayyum ◽  
Sana Ashiq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
English Language ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The Other ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Epidemiological Trends

Abstract This review is aimed at provision of an updated knowledge about the gout and highlights the various areas which need to be focused for better healthcare. Relevant published articles in English Language were reviewed by utilizing various available databases including: Google Scholar, Springer Link, Science Direct and MEDLINE. The data reveal a precipitating number of gout cases from the developed countries, while the developing countries on the other hand are faced with an even higher threat. The risk factors and pathophysiology of gout are immaculate and clearly established. Hence, appropriate measures can be explored and worked on to pinpoint diagnosis, effective and economical treatment. Continuous...

scholarly journals Challenges of childhood obesity in a developing economy: A review

1970 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 169-179
Author(s):  
CB Eke ◽  
AC Ubesie ◽  
BC Ibe
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
English Language ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Economic Costs ◽  
Double Burden ◽  
Double Burden Of Malnutrition

Background: Obesity once considered a high income country’s malady is now on the rise in most developing countries particularly in urban settings. Most of these emerging economies have been reported to have different shades of under – nutrition coexisting side by side with over-nutrition. It is pertinent therefore that we determine the factors driving the increase in obesity rates in developing countries as they generally lack the infrastructure to adequately handle the associated complications.Objectives: This communication is aimed at reviewing the burden and risk factors for obesity in children in developing countries, double burden of malnutrition, challenges including medical as well as economic costs and sustainable preventive programmes of obesity in our environment with the hope of sensitizing both the health community and policy makers of this emerging epidemic.Methods: We searched relevant literature on the subject published only in English language or translated into English language manually and electronically. The Index Medicus, AJOL, Medline, PUBMED, and HINARI were specifically searched for the period between 1980 and 2014 and reviewed. The following key words were applied in the search: Obesity in childhood, its burden and associated risk factors, complications of obesity in childhood, double burden of malnutrition in developing countries, assessment of obesity, childhood challenges of obesity including its direct and indirect costs in developing countries as well as practical preventive models in developing economies.Results: Several relevant studies were identified. The health as well as economic costs of obesity is diverse. Obesity is the major risk factor for a variety of non – communicable diseases including cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes and malignancies in later life. Also obese children have higher risk of orthopaedic problems and psychological disturbances like low -self esteem and bullying. This can also lead to poor social adjustments among our teeming youths who are the bedrock of our future economy. Most of these diseases cause premature deaths in addition to long term morbidities. Many of these obesity associated complications impose substantial burden on the health care system in developing countries with weak health systems, and if allowed unmitigated the implications are that the cost of its care may overwhelm not only the health budget but also affect the provisions of basic social amenities.Conclusions: Preventive programmes have been shown to reduce the burden of obesity in developed countries. Dearth of data on burden of obesity and its associated complications in children and adolescents still a challenge in most developing economies. Efforts should be made to prevent childhood obesity using multi- pronged approach at population level through targeted education, sustainable interventions related to healthy nutritional practices as well as physical activity promotion.Key words: Challenges; Obesity; Children; Developing Economies

scholarly journals Risk Factors of Low Birth Weight Baby: A Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-46
Author(s):  
Poly Begum ◽  
Md Kamrul Hassan ◽  
Aloke Kumar Saha ◽  
Tahmina Akter ◽  
Mahmuda Afrin
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Socio Economic Factors ◽  
Medical Risks

Low birth weight (LBW) is one of the main predictors of infant mortality. The global incidence of LBW is around 17%, although estimates vary from 19% in the developing countries like Bangladesh to 5-7% in the developed countries. About one third of delivery is low birth weight. LBW is generally associated with situations in which uterine malnutrition is produced due to alterations in placental circulation. There are many known risk factors, the most important of which are socio-economic factors, medical risks before or during gestation and maternal lifestyles. However, although interventions exist to prevent many of these factors before and during pregnancy, the incidence of LBW has not decreased.Faridpur Med. Coll. J. Jan 2017;12(1): 40-46

International Economic Assistance in the 1970's — A Critique of Partners in Development (Review Article)

1970 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 469-490
Author(s):  
Nurul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Foreign Aid ◽  
International Aid ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Economic Assistance ◽  
Self Help ◽  
Service Charge ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Defence Expenditure

Foreign economic aid is at the cross-roads. There is an atmosphere of gloom and disenchantment surrounding international aid in both the developed and developing countries — more so in the former than in the latter. Doubts have grown in the developed countries, especially among the conservatives in these countries, as to the effectiveness of aid in promoting economic development, the wastes and inefficiency involved in the use of aid, the adequacy of self-help on the part of the recipient countries in husbanding and mobilising their own resources for development and the dangers of getting involved, through ex¬tensive foreign-aid operations, in military or diplomatic conflicts. The waning of confidence on the part of the donors in the rationale of foreign aid has been accentuated by an increasing concern with their domestic problems as well as by the occurrence of armed conflicts among the poor, aid-recipient countries strengthened by substantial defence expenditure that diverts resources away from development. The disenchantment on the part of the recipient countries is, on the other hand, associated with the inadequacy of aid, the stop-go nature of its flow in many cases, and the intrusion of noneconomic considerations governing the allocation of aid amongst the recipient countries. There is a reaction in the developing countries against the dependence, political and eco¬nomic, which heavy reliance on foreign aid generates. The threat of the in¬creasing burden of debt-service charge haunts the developing world and brings them back to the donors for renewed assistance and/or debt rescheduling.

A Decade of the World Trade Organization and the Trade Performance of Muslim Countries

2010 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 23-44
Author(s):  
Ruzita Mohd. Amin
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
World Trade Organization ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Playing Field ◽  
Muslim Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Merchandise Trade ◽  
Wto Agreements

The World Trade Organization (WTO), established on 1 January 1995 as a successor to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), has played an important role in promoting global free trade. The implementation of its agreements, however, has not been smooth and easy. In fact this has been particularly difficult for developing countries, since they are expected to be on a level playing field with the developed countries. After more than a decade of existence, it is worth looking at the WTO’s impact on developing countries, particularly Muslim countries. This paper focuses mainly on the performance of merchandise trade of Muslim countries after they joined the WTO. I first analyze their participation in world merchandise trade and highlight their trade characteristics in general. This is then followed by a short discussion on the implications of WTO agreements on Muslim countries and some recommendations on how to face this challenge.

scholarly journals Taxing impact of terrorism on global economic openness of developed and developing countries

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-335
Author(s):  
Abubakr Saeed ◽  
Yuhua Ding ◽  
Shawkat Hammoudeh ◽  
Ishtiaq Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Economic Openness ◽  
Significant Negative Impact ◽  
Military Expenditures ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This study examines the relationship between terrorism and economic openness that takes into account both the number and intensity of terrorist incidents and the impact of government military expenditures on trade-GDP and foreign direct investment-GDP ratios for both developed and developing countries. It uses the dynamic GMM method to account for endogeneity in the variables. Deaths caused by terrorism have a significant negative impact on FDI flows, and the number of terrorist attacks is also found to be significant in hampering the countries’ ability to trade with other nations. The study also demonstrates that the developing countries exhibit almost similar results to our main analysis. The developed countries exhibit a negative impact of terrorism, but the regression results are not significant.

scholarly journals Research and Publication from Developing Countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohan R Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Publishing Research ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
High Burden ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
The Developed Countries

In 2002, Richard Smith wrote an editorial, “publishing research from developing countries” in the Journal “Statistics in Medicine” highlighting the importance of research and publication from the developing countries (DCs).1 In that article, he mentioned the disparity in research and publication between the developed and developing countries. Almost two decades on, the problem still largely remains the same. It is estimated that more than 80% of the world’s population lives in more than 100 developing countries.2 In terms of disease burden, the prevalence and mortality from diseases in the low and middle-income countries are disproportionately high compared to developed countries.3 Although there is a high burden of disease, we base our treatment inferring results from research and publication from the developed countries which may not be fully generalizable due to geographical cultural, racial, and economic factors. This is where the problem lies.

scholarly journals THE JUDICIAL CONSTRUCTION RELATING TO THE TERRORISM CASES (REALITY AND PROSPECTS)

2021 ◽  
Vol 03 (03) ◽  
pp. 473-482
Author(s):  
Fawzi Abdelsalam Mohammed AL-KILNI ◽  
Ebtisam Hassan Salem Ben ISSA
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Criminal Policy ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The Other ◽  
High Concern ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
The Military

The current study aims to discuss and investigate one of the most prominent and important issues that has been in constant debate in all the previous researches and studies dine in the scope of criminal law ; especially those regarding the juridical construction relating to the terrorism cases. The main attempt of this research is to evaluate the criminal policy of the Libyan Legislation issuing law no.3 for the year 2014 concerning Terrorism combating. Disregarding the recent issuing of the law in subject, the above-mentioned law is of great importance due to its high concern of the juridical apparatus of combating terrorism. However, what makes a wonder herewith is the Libyan legislation has been taking a step backwards when the law (4) was issued in 2017 in regarding of the amendment of the provisions of both the Military Penal Code and the Code of Military Procedures which has already mandated the judiciary of offenders of terrorism according to the terms identified in Article 3. Herewith, the perception of the effectiveness and functionality of the above-mentioned law is not possible without paying the attention to reviewing the jurisdiction from one hand and the working conditions of the judges from the other hand. However, the good conduct of the judges’ work depends heavily on doing several improvements for these apparatus, in addition to promoting the juridical capabilities by supporting these apparatus with the modern facilities, utilizing the experience of the developed countries in this regard. Therefore, the prospects are addressed to developing the juridical construction properly according to the principles of the defense rights and the fair trial as these principles are the constitution fundamentals and the traits of the criminal-justice system.

scholarly journals The Winner Takes It All: International Inequality in Communication and Media Studies Today

2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marton Demeter
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Media Studies ◽  
English Language ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Per Capita Gdp ◽  
International Inequality ◽  
Publication Patterns ◽  
Per Capita

In this research, we analyzed all 79 Web of Science (WoS) indexed journals in communication and media studies to disclose main publication patterns. We found that English-language countries dominate the field in a greater extent than in other disciplines, and developing countries are in a weaker position than English-language developed countries not just in natural sciences but also in soft sciences. We found significant correlations between the nominal GDP, the per capita publication, and per capita GDP of a given country and its publication scores.

Globalization and its Challenges for Teacher Education in Nigeria

2014 ◽  
pp. 229-236
Author(s):  
A. O. K. Noah ◽  
Adesoji A. Oni ◽  
Simeon A. Dosunmu
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Education ◽  
Educational System ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Global Market ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Catch Up ◽  
The Developed Countries

The phenomenon of globalization is defined variously, but in general, it is defined as the establishment of a global market for goods and capital, leading to what could be described as a multiplicity of linkages and interconnections between places, events, ideas, issues, and things, irrespective of whether they are directly related or not. Globalization on the other hand cannot be a reality in any nation if its educational system is not implicitly or explicitly geared towards achieving meaningful and desirable change for that society. However, since education and indeed the (educator) teacher constitute the most viable instruments by which an emerging nation can catch up with the developed countries, globalization will therefore be a mirage if teacher education is not geared towards producing teachers who are globalization friendly, teachers who are not allergic to globalization. In view of the above, this chapter examines the concept of globalization side by side with the current goals of teacher education in Nigeria.

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